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Pile-supported embankments have been recognized as long-standing solutions for construction in compressible soft soils. Instead of improving the physical and mechanical properties of the soft soil, this method emphasizes efforts to transfer the embankment load to a competent layer below the compressible layer. Mortar column inclusion (inklusi kolom mortar or IKM) is recognized as one of the rigid inclusions in a pile-supported embankment. The IKM combined with a load transfer platform (LTP) has been widely utilized to support embankments. Studies on pile-supported embankments have generally focused on the arching mechanisms and geotextile tensile force evaluations; however, most of these investigations were conducted on soft cohesive soils. The application of pile-supported embankment on peat has rarely been studied comprehensively. This study presents a full-scale trial embankment on peat in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The 8-m-high trial embankment was supported by a series of IKM piles and a geotextile-reinforced LTP layer; instruments were then installed in the embankment, ground, LTP, geotextile, and IKM. These instruments included a series of vibrating wire earth pressure cells, vibrating wire strain gages, fiber optic sensors, vibrating wire piezometers, settlement profilers, settlement plates, and inclinometers. The instruments provided observations on the ground movements, IKM displacements, and stresses in the materials. Comprehensive evaluations from field monitoring allowed study of load transfer via the arching mechanism, deformation pattern, and IKM performance in peat. Finite element analyses (FEAs) were also conducted for comparison and verification. The field monitoring results and FEAs showed good agreement, thereby demonstrating the potential of the proposed ground improvement method for embankment construction on peat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive study of the dynamic responses of machine foundations, both block and pile foundations, on stratified residual soils in Duri and Ulubelu, Indonesia. The evaluation was conducted using two widely recognized methods: the lumped mass method (LMM) and the finite element method (FEM). LMM and FEM were performed by utilizing DYNA and ABAQUS, respectively. The analysis results showed that LMM generally predicted more conservative displacements compared to FEM. This conservatism in predicted displacement was more pronounced for pile group foundations, which are inherently more flexible than block foundations. Additionally, this study found that the resonance frequencies obtained through both analysis methods were not the same. Furthermore, this paper includes a parametric study and presents its results to assess the influence of key factors, i.e., pile cap thickness, pile diameter, number of piles, and vertical dynamic loads, on displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several soil models, such as linear elastic, equivalent linear, and nonlinear models, are employed in seismic ground response analysis. The aim of this study was to validate the seismic responses at ground surface of several soil models with the vertical array record of the Kobe earthquake. One-dimensional seismic response analyses were performed at Port Island using several soil models. The responses at ground surface from the simulated soil models were validated with the vertical array record of the Kobe earthquake. The results showed that the extended hyperbolic model yielded the most appropriate response according to the Kobe earthquake's recorded motion. This means that this model can be considered a suitable soil model to predict the response of strong earthquakes. In general, the results support the recommendation to select the most appropriate soil model for seismic ground response analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]