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Several factors affecting household formations of first‐ and second‐generation Asian and Hispanic/Latino immigrants are identified, including contextual social interaction effects. Using household data from the American Housing Survey and Public Use Micro‐data Sample, we find that first‐generation Asian and Hispanic/Latino immigrants are more likely to live in coresidence households; and this is influenced by immigrant gender, age, education, income, employment and density. Education and income are inversely related to coresiding, while higher immigrant density increases the propensity to coreside. Contextual effects reveal that neighborhoods with a relatively large Caucasian average household size increase coresidence behavior among immigrants; and the income of Caucasians living in the area is inversely related to immigrant coresiding behavior. Second‐generation Asian immigrants are more likely to live independently, while second‐generation Hispanic/Latino immigrants have a higher propensity to coreside; however, they are influenced contextually by geographic household and income patterns. We further specify findings by considering local housing price, the fusion of immigrants in the United States, agglomeration of immigrants in central city and a comparison between immigrants in United States and similarly aged natives in China. Our results are robust to potential sample‐selection bias and social interaction boundary selection bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning with a hedonic price model, and then progressing to a method accounting for dual sample selectivity biases and spatial interdependence; we document (and correct for) these potential confounding biases, and produce price counterfactuals for (1) all-cash financed property, (2) distressed property, and (3) all-cash and distressed property transactions. Results provide evidence of self- selection biases with all-cash purchasers, distressed properties, and distressed and all-cash properties. Significant disparities in observed cash (−13% and −6.5%) and distressed property discounts (−1% and −6%) are documented in pre-and post-recessionary environments, Further, cash discounts are consistent for non-distressed transactions (−11%) during both periods; however cash discounts associated with non-distressed transactions are significantly reduced post-recession (−23.3% to −3.7%. This attenuation is attributed to a significant increase in the relative frequency of cash purchased distressed properties post-recession, i.e., larger percentage of cash buyers. Sub-sample counterfactual tests confirm prior results, and expand our understanding of all-cash and distressed discount determinants. These results provide insight into observed time variant all-cash, and distressed property discount affect sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of different mathematical models and different b-value ranges of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in peripheral zone prostate cancer (PZ PCa) detection. Methods: Fifty-six patients with histologically proven PZ PCa who underwent DWI-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using 21 b-values (0–4500 s/mm2) were included. The mean signal intensities of the regions of interest (ROIs) placed in benign PZs and cancerous tissues on DWI images were fitted using mono-exponential, bi-exponential, stretched-exponential, and kurtosis models. The b-values were divided into four ranges: 0–1000, 0–2000, 0–3200, and 0–4500 s/mm2, grouped as A, B, C, and D, respectively. ADC, , D*, f, DDC, α, Dapp, and Kapp were estimated for each group. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) was calculated to measure goodness-of-fit. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the parameters. Results: All parameters except D* showed significant differences between cancerous tissues and benign PZs in each group. The area under the curve values (AUCs) of ADC were comparable in groups C and D (p = 0.980) and were significantly higher than those in groups A and B (p< 0.05 for all). The AUCs of ADC and Kapp in groups B and C were similar (p = 0.07 and p = 0.954), and were significantly higher than the other parameters (p< 0.001 for all). The AUCs of ADC in group D was slightly higher than Kapp (p = 0.002), and both were significantly higher than the other parameters (p< 0.001 for all). Conclusions: ADC derived from conventional mono-exponential high b-value (3200 s/mm2) models is an optimal parameter for PZ PCa detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]