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This document is the Data Management Plan for the UAK project. UAK is funded by the INTPART programme 2018-2021 (International partnerships for excellent education, research and innovation) under the Research Council of Norway and the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (Diku). The project, which includes partners from Norway, USA and Canada, brings together leading researchers, educators and young scientists working on selected Arctic science topics. The project was also supported by the H2020 project INTAROS – Integrated Arctic Observation System, (http://intaros.eu, http://intaros.nersc.no). UAK has organised two research schools onboard Norwegian Coastguard vessel KV Svalbard where students and young scientists have received training in collecting oceanographic, acoustic and sea ice data. Furthermore, the research schools addressed the different steps in the data delivery chain from development of data management plan, collection of data and securing meta data, processing and formatting data, and ingestion into a data system providing a persistent unique identifier (DOI). Prior to the research schools, the students were given training in data management and after the cruises the students were trained in preparing the collected data for publication in a data system that will secure long-term storage and access, along with a DOI for citation. Oceanographic and acoustic data collected during the two research schools have been published in the Norwegian Marine Data Centre (NMDC), in standard formats and with metadata to support discovery, access and reuse. Seismology data collected during the UAK 2020 Research School are stored in the Norwegian National Seismic Network (NNSN)., The Research Council of Norway project number 274891.

Local evaporation in the Arctic is likely to increase with sea-ice retreat in the context of climate change. In parallel, the transport of moisture from the North Atlantic may also increase, especially in cases of weak polar vortex, associated to blocking over the Norwegian Sea and fast vapor transport into the Arctic. In order to evaluate the contribution of different sources to the moisture budget in the Arctic, a tool is needed to track the transport of vapor in the region.Here, we combine in-situ measurements of vapor isotope composition to analysis of back- trajectories, to reconstruct the pathway of vapor transport in different synoptic situations during two cruises North of Svalbard in 2018 and 2019. During the hot summer of 2018 in Europe, high dD values are observed in the Arctic. These high values could result from intense evaporation during the heat wave followed by quick transport into the Arctic. Indeed, back-trajectories indicate northern Europe as a dominant contributor to the moisture sampled during this period. During summer 2019, we observe wide oscillations of dD values depending on the moisture origin. An atmospheric river is sampled on the 29th of August 2019, that shows that Atlantic (southerly) air is characterized by high humidity and high dD values, opposite to Arctic (northerly) air. The secondary parameter d-excess varies in opposition to dD. This study highlights the potential of isotopes for identifying moisture sources around the Arctic.&nbsp, The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

The INTAROS Roadmap describes the way forward to improve and sustain the observing capacity in the Arctic. The Roadmap addresses the full data delivery chain from observing sensors to data repositories with focus on in situ observations. The document describes key factors determining how well an observing system can function in the Arctic, involving technological advances, infrastructure and data networks. Furthermore, the document emphasize the importance of cross disciplinary collaboration and stakeholder engagement as part of the data delivery chain. The development of in situ observing systems in the Arctic, especially ocean-based observations in the ice-covered regions, depends heavily on mature technology, transport infrastructures and logistical services allowing personnel to access the areas. Deployment and operation of observing platforms require use of icebreakers, aircraft, manned ice stations and automated systems that can operate year-round Based on the experience and knowledge of the INTAROS consortium, the following recommendations are formulated: The importance of in situ observations must be promoted as the backbone for building knowledge about climate and environmental change in the Arctic, at the same level as satellite observations and modelling systems The funding mechanisms for in situ observing systems need to be strengthened and coordinated between programmes, projects and institutions involved in Arctic observation, including local communities The Joint Statement of Ministers (ASM 2021), signed by 25 countries and six Indigenous Peoples organizations, states that they agree to strengthen cooperation on implementing Arctic observing and data sharing, implying that they need to allocate resources for in situ measurements contributing to the observing systems. Technology development for more robust and reliable in situ observing systems is needed. Here, major industry actors can play a role by investing in platforms and sensors that can operate autonomously in the Arctic The data delivery chain from in situ observing systems must be operationalised for each of the discipline-oriented systems in order to facilitate data sharing. This requires collaboration between the research communities, data services and other actors involved in the delivery chain. Collaboration can be enhanced by setting up mediators who can communicate between the actors Observing systems must be adapted to evolving priorities, requirements, and technological developments. This requires regular dialogue with researchers, stakeholders in private and public sector, researchers, service providers, local communities and Indigenous rightholders in the Arctic. Competence building need to be strengthened in observing methods, technologies, and procedures across gender and generations. The INTAROS roadmap builds on the experience and knowledge from the INTAROS consortium comprising more than 300 scientists from 49 institutions in Europe, Asia, and North America. In addition the document builds on discussions with representatives of Indigenous and local communities, private and public stakeholders, scientists and service providers at more than 50 workshops organised by the INTAROS project.

The overall results of INTAROS are summarized for each WP as follows: WP1 The requirements for integrated Arctic Observing Systems” Existing requirement documents have been reviewed and consolidated. Links have been established with various stakeholders, rightholders and user groups including international bodies, public administration, private sector, Indigenous and local communities, and science communities. Collaboration has been developed with several other projects, programmes and institutions working with Arctic observing systems in Europe, North America and Asia. A data management plan and data governance framework for Arctic data has been developed and a Roadmap for future sustainable Arctic Observing System has been prepared. WP2 Exploitation of existing observing systems. The term “observing system” was defined as an observing asset consisting of a data collection component (physical infrastructure) and a data management component (e-infrastructure). An observing system can be multidisciplinary or focused on a specific discipline, and it serves a clearly identified scientific or operational purpose. A survey was conducted among the partners providing information about 50 in situ observing systems ranging from large pan-Arctic programs such as International Arctic Buoy Programme to local observations at a single station. A part of the survey was to assess characteristics of the systems (e.g. documentation, data management, uncertainty handling, sustainability) using a maturity score from 1 to 6. Systems with highest maturity were those with sustainable funding for the whole data production and data management chain. The online survey system was further developed in a spin-off project, resulting in the ARCMAP system, which will be operated as a service after INTAROS. Many of the assessed observing systems, including satellite data products, were used to build the INTAROS data catalogue (WP5) and in case studies demonstrating integrated use of observing systems and modelling systems (WP6). WP3: Enhancement of multidisciplinary in situ observing systems. The work has focused on developing and implementing new solutions and novel technologies to fill selected gaps identified in the existing Arctic observing systems. Novel instruments and sampling methods were integrated with mature components of existing observatories to increase temporal and geographic coverage of in situ observational data in the Arctic and to include missing key parameters. New clusters of sensors have been integrated into a variety of platforms, and several experimental setups have been tested and implemented. The field work was conducted in different marine and terrestrial regions to collect important data to understand ongoing climate and environmental changes and their consequences for the Arctic. The field implementation of new ocean and sea ice observations was supported by use of icebreakers, research vessels, ships of opportunity, ocean column and seafloor observatories provided by collaborating national projects. The data collection from ice sheets, glaciers and terrestrial stations was based on existing reference sites and other research sites in the Pan-Arctic region. New collected measurements have been processed and formatted to provide standardized data sets ready for integration into existing data repositories and registered in the INTAROS data catalogue. Metadata and data formats for observations made with multidisciplinary platforms have been developed in collaboration with WP1, WP2, and WP5. Selected data sets have been exploited in demonstration actions (WP6) and in consultations with stakeholders in (WP7). WP4: Community-based monitoring (CBM) programs have been strengthened. The project co-organized 40 workshops which brought practitioners of CBM together and enabled them to share and discuss their experiences. Six hundred people attended the workshops inc. representatives from 5 Arctic Indigenous Peoples. Existing Arctic CBM programs have been analysed and capabilities, “good” practice and challenges have been identified. A website has been set up with tools to cross-fertilize local knowledge with scientific knowledge. New and expanded existing CBM programs have been initiated in Svalbard, Greenland, Yakutia and Kola Peninsula, to inform decision-making and action. Datasets derived from the programs have been registered in the INTAROS data catalogue. Lessons from CBM were made broadly available through a large number of physical and online events, policy briefs, proceedings, scientific reports and articles. WP5. Data integration and management. Work has focused on deploying and demonstrating a cloud platform with geo-statistical tools for services as part of the integrated Arctic Observation System (iAOS). The objectives were to demonstrate integration of data and provide tools for data analysis, transformation, and visualization, in the cloud platform. Selected applications in WP6 have been used as showcases for the services and tools provided by this cloud platform. In addition, work has concentrated on improving data integration from existing repositories, along with metadata, so that it is findable and exploitable by iAOS applications. Extensive efforts have been devoted to streamline the data flow between data producers, data managers and data users. A major outcome of the project is the iAOS Portal and the INTAROS Data Catalogue, providing access to multidisciplinary data from a wide range of data repositories containing Arctic data. The portal and catalogue will be maintained and used for promotion of data and services in other projects after INTAROS. WP6. Applications towards stakeholders. Work has focused on studies of how data from various observing systems can be used to develop useful results to the benefit for different stakeholders on local, regional or pan-Arctic scale. The results demonstrate how the Arctic observing system can be applied to further develop the accuracy of climate models, improve the understanding of biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning, enhance fisheries and environmental management, increase the level of preparedness towards natural hazards, and develop better management and decision-making for selected local communities. The following topics are addressed: (1) Improving skill of climate models in the Arctic, with examples from sea ice prediction and hydrological forecasting; (2) Applying observations and models for environmental and fisheries management, with case studies in the Barents Sea and west Greenland; (3) Ice-ocean statistics using examples from Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE), preparation of a 10 year reanalysis, development of a risk assessment system, studies of ocean sound, oceanographic and sea ice time series, sea level studies from altimeter and tide gauge data, sea ice data from ice mass balance buoys, sea ice remote sensing applications; (4) natural hazards, (5) greenhouse gas studies, (6) enhancing community-based observing systems in Greenland and Svalbard, and (7) summary of ocean observing benefit for blue growth in the Arctic. WP7. Communication and outreach. Work has been focused on planning and conducting various communication activities to inform projects, programmes, user, rightsholder and stakeholder groups, agencies, and policy makers about INTAROS. The consortium members have promoted the project and its objectives through several hundred meetings, workshops, conferences, publications, and other dissemination activities. Much of this communication and dissemination work has been done in collaboration with WP1 and WP4. Various online tools were employed to maximize the visibility and communicate the project activities including: a public project website, Twitter and other social media, videos on YouTube, blogs, printed materials (brochures, factsheets, posters, policy briefs, photos), project identity toolkit (graphical image, logos, lettering, templates, and branded materials). Furthermore, several training and education activities have been organized, focused at early career scientists and students, public resource managers, and Indigenous community members. Project websites: http://intaros.eu, http://intaros.nersc.no

This document provides a summary of sensors, platforms, and observing systems implemented during INTAROS field campaigns and presents technical recommendations based on experience gained from operating these components for collecting in situ observations during the project. This document is intended to: – Shortly summarize details of all individual sensors, platforms, and systems developed and deployed during INTAROS for collecting in situ measurements in the cryospheric, ocean, atmospheric and terrestrial domains, – Provide main recommendations for the technology used in INTAROS with the respect to become a component of a future sustained Arctic observing system, – Describe main limitations of technology used and recommendations to overcome these limitations to enable including this technology in a future observing system, – Overview other technical solutions which could better replace or complement technology used during INTAROS to provide similar set of observations for a future observing system, – Identify and describe cross-cutting technical recommendations based on recommendations for individual systems, – Summarize main challenges and achievements in implementing in situ observations in WP3, – Summarize main technical recommendations from WP3 for use in the INTAROS Roadmap for a future integrated Arctic observing system INTAROS has collaborated with many other field programs and projects which have contributed to the results in WP3. These programs and projects are listed in Annex A. A summary of platforms and sensors developed and implemented during INTAROS, including main challenges and final outcomes, is provided in Annex B.

This report gives an overview of the activities, results and impacts of INTAROS Work Package 6 (WP6). The aim of WP6 is to demonstrate how an integrated observation system can be of specific benefit for society at local, regional or pan-Arctic scale. Through WP6 we show the capability of an enhanced Arctic Observation System towards advancing the economic role of the Arctic by providing support for better-documented processes and better-informed decisions within key sectors such as shipping, petroleum, fishing, and tourism. Further, WP6 demonstrates how the Arctic Observation system may be applied to further develop the accuracy of climate models, improve the understanding of biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning, enhance fisheries and environmental management, increase the level of preparedness towards natural hazards, and develop better management and decision making concepts for selected local communities. Through WP6 INTAROS demonstrates enhanced data search and retrieval, assimilation into models, validation of estimated and projected climate parameters, scientific analysis, decision-support and policy-making. Following a general introduction to INTAROS WP6, eight chapters summarize, for each topic covered, the main activities and results, data and models used, stakeholder/user benefits, and further development and exploitation of results. The topics span broadly and target very different end-user groups but they all share the same overall challenge: how to synthesize data across time and space from different sources, formats and scientific disciplines into aggregated synoptic data products that are relevant for end-users. The following topics are addressed: Improving skill of model predictions in the Arctic, Applying observations and models for environmental and fisheries management, Ice-ocean statistics, Remote sensing applications, Natural hazards in the Arctic, Greenhouse gas exchange in the Arctic, Case studies of community-based observing systems and Benefits of ocean observing for blue growth in the Arctic. The report then describes concrete showcases, software applications. Selected main results across WP6 are then presented, before the report ends with conclusions and perspectives.

This report describes the experiences working with the Norwegian Coast Guard ship KV Svalbard and the expedition ship Le Commandant Charcot during the INTAROS and CAATEX projects. The first part of the report deals with our experiences working with the Norwegian Coast Guard. The coast guard has supported Norwegian research institutes over many decades and made tremendous contribution to Norwegian polar and ocean research. The report describes complex operations carried out in 2019 and in 2020 with KV Svalbard as part of the INTAROS and CAATEX projects. Our experiences in organising two Useful Arctic Knowledge research schools in 2020 and 2021 onboard KV Svalbard are also presented. The report comes with recommendations for collaboration with the Norwegian Coast Guard. Secondly, the report describes our experiences working with the commercial cruise operator PONANT. PONANT has 13 cruise ships operating around the world, including the Arctic and Antarctica. In 2021 they had their first expedition to the North Pole with their new icebreaker Le Commandant Charcot. During this cruise they carried out a dry test to test their operational capability, test and evaluate the guest facilities bringing several invited guests, as well as the research facilities onboard bringing a group of scientists. The science team consisted of two scientists from INTAROS/ NERSC, two scientists from IFREMER (France), one scientist from MIT (USA), one scientist from NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), and two scientists from University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway (UiT). The science team carried out several observing programs. INTAROS deployed Snow and Ice Mass Balance buoys (SIMBA), drifting buoys for temperature and pressure observations, contributed to an oceanographic section from the North Pole and to the coast of Svalbard using XBT probes,and collected passive acoustic measurements. IFREMER deployed two Argo floats at the North Pole, contributed to the North Pole oceanographic section, deployed drifting buoys,and tested new weather balloons for atmospheric measurements. NTNU was testing accuracy of new positioning satellites. UiT participated in the Search and Rescue project. In this report we describe the INTAROS observing programs and the experiences collaborating with personnel onboard a commercial cruise ship., Versions 1 and 2 are identical, except Version 2 has the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7181340 (for citation) listed on page 2.

This deliverable presents results of work related to in situ measurements, sea ice remote sensing products and reanalysis products in the Fram Strait and in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard. The results also include examples of how various observational data and models can be combined and used to describe the ice-ocean environment in the region. A number ofocean and sea ice statistical productsbased on long timeseries of repeated oceanographic ship-based surveys, year-round measurements on fixed moorings, and sea ice concentration products are presented. Analysed ocean physical variables include measured in situ subsurface ocean temperature and salinity, and their derived products such as water mass properties, layer thickness and relative ocean heat content. Mean spatial fields and properties averaged for specific water masses as well as mean annual cycle, long-term monthly means are calculated and presented as well as annual and monthly anomalies for selected parameters. A collection of ocean and sea ice products, with examples presented in the report, will be further exploited to provide integrated time series of ocean observations via a dedicated website. The products will be presented as plots and data files (NetCDF) that can be used for calibration and validation of numerical models and as a background for ocean climate and environmental assessments. The climate induced environmental changes in the Arctic will change both the mechanisms and processes producing natural ocean sound, change the ocean stratification, and increased accessibility and traffic to the Arctic region will change the amount of sound from human activities. To assess the effect of the changes in the Arctic it is important to benchmark the current state of the Arctic acoustic observing capacity and to make recommendations for future sustained acoustic observations.A processing chain for passive acoustic products from distributed acoustic arrays into standard formats (NetCDF), including quality flags, has been established.Furthermore, reanalysis results produced for INTAROS using the GECCO model and 4 DVAR (Gukun et al 2020) has bee used as input to the Bellhop (ray trace model) to better understand capabilities and limitations in acoustic tomography, geo-positioning and communication. Results from this work has been presented in our proceeding papers that have been produced and submitted to the Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics (POMA). Results from the remote sensing work are presented in other reports (D6.20, D6.22, D6.23 and D6.24).&nbsp

This document - Final implementation: Data delivery and report on results of the distributed observing systems for ocean and sea ice - describes autonomous components of the Arctic observing system for ocean and sea ice measurements that were developed, tested, and implemented during the INTAROS field work seasons. Instruments and platforms described in D3.13 drifted freely on the sea ice or in the water column (ice tethered platforms, ice buoys and floats), moved along preprogrammed tracks (gliders) or measured autonomously at fixed locations (deep ocean moorings). An autonomous sensor package (FerryBox) and drone-based sensors were used to collect observations from the ships of opportunity or during large observing campaigns like MOSAiC. This document is intended to: − Review status and performance of autonomous mobile and fixed observing platforms and sensors used for collecting ocean and sea ice observations in the Arctic during the INTAROS field work seasons. − Describe performance and data obtained from the ice-tethered IAOOS-Equipex platform used for combined physical, atmospheric and sea ice measurements in the central Arctic Ocean. − Describe performance and data collected with the deep ocean mooring deployed for the second INTAROS field season in the deep Nansen Basin. − Describe performance and data collected by SIMBA (Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array) platforms for sea ice measurements, deployed with INTAROS contribution in the Arctic Ocean. − Describe performance and data collected with new biogeochemical sensors for the FerryBox (pH/carbonate sensor, spectral absorption sensor and microplastic sampler) developed under INTAROS. − Describe the performance of gliders and results from new endurance glider lines established under INTAROS in the northern Fram Strait. − Describe INTAROS contribution to an array of BGC Argo floats in the Baffin Bay observatory, their performance, and collected data. − Assess performance and fitness-to-purpose of the platforms, sensors and systems implemented under Task 3.4 for a future sustained Arctic observing system.

This document contains the Data Management Plan (DMP) for the INTAROS project. The DMP describes how new datasets collected or generated by partners in the project, are managed according to guidelines for FAIR data management in Horizon 2020. This includes the procedures for planning and conducting data management within the project, i.e., the data governance framework. Data governance in INTAROS is pragmatic and geared towards supporting partners in preparing and publishing their data collections. The planning and monitoring activities are carried out by the Data Management Theme Leader (NERSC) and the leaders of the data generating work-packages in the project (FMI, IOPAN, NORDECO, TDUE, IMR). Partners generating data are responsible for making their collections available in line with the recommendations of the DMP. The Data Management Theme Leader (NERSC) and data centre partners (AWI, CNRS, FMI, IMR, IFREMER, ONC, RADI, RIHMI-WDC) provide support with data publication in open data repositories. Close collaboration between data managers and data providers has been key to implementing sound data management in the project. INTAROS is pan-Arctic in scope and collects in situ observations, extract parameters from satellite data and model projections in several regions and across multiple spheres (themes). The focus areas of INTAROS include Coastal Greenland, North of Svalbard, Fram Strait, the Eurasian Basin, and (5) selected sites in Siberia, Finland, Canada and Alaska. Within these areas, INTAROS partners are collecting new observations and generating high-level data products from different spheres: (1) Atmosphere, (2) Ocean, (3) Sea ice, (4) Marine ecosystems, (5) Terrestrial, (6) Glaciology, (7) Natural hazards, (8) Community-based monitoring. Datasets collected or generated within these spheres by the time of writing are summarised in this document, based on the deliverables from WP 2 (“Exploitation of existing observing systems”), datasets collected in WP 3 (“Enhancement of multidisciplinary in situ observing systems”) and WP 4 (“Enhance community-based observing programs for participatory research and capacity-building”), as well as model products and derived datasets from WP6 (“Applications of iAOS towards Stakeholders”). The published datasets have been registered in the INTAROS Data Catalogue, available at https://catalog-intaros.nersc.no/. This data catalogue is updated as new datasets are prepared during the remainder of the INTAROS project. The DMP recommends standards for metadata and data standards that INTAROS partners should prepare their datasets in, to make it easier for other scientists and stakeholders to reuse the data. Some widely used open-source tools and libraries that can help scientists generate metadata and data in standard formats are described. Use of servers that support the OPeNDAP standard protocol is recommended to facilitate data extraction from distributed sources. INTAROS, together with the Useful Arctic Knowledge (UAK) project has organised several user meetings and one research school to build competence in data management within the INTAROS consortium. Training material from these and other events with INTAROS contribution is made publicly available on the INTAROS web site http://intaros.eu/. Major changes since the previous release of the DMP (Hamre et al., 2019) include: Revised the list of recommended metadata and data formats (section 2) Updated the list of datasets collected or generated (sections 3-6) Updated list of recommended data repositories for long-term storage of data (section 8) Added a template for planning data management for a field experiment or a monitoring programme (Appendix D) Added a template for metadata for timeseries data collected by ocean moorings (Appendix E)

Arctic waters are experiencing rapid changes due to global warming, affecting ecosystems and leading to increasing economic activities. Many of these changes can be measured directly or indirectly with underwater acoustics. The Working Group on the Arctic Acoustic Environment (AAE) of the International Quiet Ocean Experiment (IQOE) aims to stimulate observations of sound (levels and distribution) in the Arctic Ocean and its impacts. We organised a virtual conference in November 2020 to share recent results from the international community and discuss common issues and possible solutions. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the challenges of Arctic deployments and recoveries, curtailing access to ships at very short notice, but also opening the way for more direct collaboration. The post-COVID task will be to establish more resilient international back-up mechanisms for Arctic operations to support acoustic (and other) observations. The increasing length of the measurements, spanning several decades now, with sampling rates often close to 100,000 samples/second, results in “big data” challenges of storage, sharing, data retrieval and long-term archiving. Discussions also addressed the emerging trends in acoustic propagation models across complex terrains and machine learning (with the need for accessibility and traceability). Finally, the embedding of local and traditional knowledge must be accomplished through dialogue and co-ownership of the science and results.

The INTAROS H2020 project defined a set of online questionnaires for surveying in situ observing systems in the Arctic, their data collections as well as remote sensing products and Community Based Monitoring (CBM) data. INTAROS conducted a survey among INTAROS partners and a limited number of external parties using a commercial tool, Google Forms. While the chosen tool made it easy to generate the online survey, several shortcomings were found. This included, among others, limited options for validating user input, lacking support for geographic locations and storage of responses in a flat file without versioning. The “Marine data in the Arctic” spin-off project builds on and extends the INTAROS questionnaires to provide a more flexible solution that also aggregates the collected information and presents it using various kinds of plots. With additional support from NERSC basic funding, we have developed an open source survey application that can form the backbone of an up to date inventory of Arctic in situ observing systems and data collections. This report describes selected aspects of the new survey application – ARCMAP – and outlines potential enhancements to further improve its functionality and ease of use., NERSC Technical Report no. 403

This document contains a description of the Data Governance Framework for the INTAROS project, with an updated version of the Data Management Plan (DMP). The Data Governance Framework defines the procedures for how data management is carried out in the project, including the planning, conducting and monitoring the preparation and distribution of data collections. The DMP describes how new datasets collected or generated by partners in the project, will be managed according to guidelines for FAIR data management in Horizon 2020. Data governance in INTAROS is pragmatic and geared towards supporting partners in preparing and publishing their data collections. The planning and monitoring activities are carried out by the Data Management Theme Leader and the leaders of the four data generating work-packages in the project. Partners generating data are responsible for making their collections available in line with the recommendations of the DMP. The Data Management Theme Leader, data centre partners (AWI, CNRS, FMI, IMR, IFREMER, ONC, RADI, RIHMI-WDC) and the leader of WP5 (“Data integration and management”) (Terradue) are responsible for providing support with technical aspects of data publication and distribution. INTAROS is pan-Arctic in scope and collect in situ observations, extract parameters from satellite data and model projections in several regions and across multiple spheres (themes). The focus areas of INTAROS include Coastal Greenland, North of Svalbard, Fram Strait, the Eurasian Basin, and (5) selected sites in Siberia, Finland, Canada and Alaska. Within these areas, INTAROS partners are collecting new observations and generating high-level data products from different spheres: (1) Atmosphere, (2) Ocean, (3) Sea ice, (4) Marine ecosystems, (5) Terrestrial, (6) Glaciology, (7) Natural hazards, (8) Community-based monitoring. This makes datasets collected or generated within INTAROS relevant for a number of research projects as well as for infrastructures such as EMODNET and GEOSS. Datasets collected or generated within these spheres by the time of writing are summarised in this document, based on the deliverables from WP 2 (“Exploitation of existing observing systems”), new datasets collected in WP 3 (“Enhancement of multidisciplinary in situ observing systems”) and WP 4 (“Enhance community-based observing programs for participatory research and capacity-building”), as well as upcoming model products and derived datasets from WP6 (“Applications of iAOS towards Stakeholders”). Datasets prepared for distribution in WP 2, 3 and 4 have also been registered in the INTAROS Data Catalogue, available at https://catalog-intaros.nersc.no/. This data catalogue will be updated with new datasets collected or generated during the remainder of the INTAROS project. The DMP recommends standards for metadata and data standards that INTAROS partners should prepare their datasets in, to make it easier for other scientists and stakeholders to reuse the data. Open source tools can help scientists generate metadata and data in standard formats, such as Rosetta, GDAL (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library), NetCDF utilities, and widely used programming languages, such as Python, MATLAB and R, offer libraries that can be used to write customised format converter tools. A dataset prepared in NetCDF format can be made publicly available using data publishing tools like the Thredds Data Server (TDS). INTAROS, together with the Useful Arctic Knowledge (UAK) project has organised several user meetings and one research schools, to build competence in data management within the INTAROS consortium. Additional competence building activities are planned in INTAROS; the training material developed will be made publicly available.

The project brings together leading researchers, educators and young scientists working on selected Arctic science topics. The UAK researcher school on board KV Svalbard during 20-30 June aimed to address the different steps in the data delivery chain from development of data management plan, collection of data and securing meta data, processing and formatting data, and ingestion into a data system providing DOI. In the fall 2020 the students participated in online workshops where they processed, formatted, and quality controlled the data before it was submitted to the Norwegian Marine Data Center together with required meta data. In total 10 students at master level, and 7 lecturers/instructors participated. Students were selected from three departments of University of Bergen and Western Norway University of Natural Sciences., NERSC Technical Report no. 405

International audience

The H2020 project Integrated Arctic Observation System (INTAROS) aspires to increase the temporal and geographic coverage of in situ observations and add new key geophysical and biogeochemical variables in selected regions of the Arctic. By using a combination of mature and new instruments and sensors in integration with existing observatories, INTAROS aims to fill selected gaps in the present-day system and build additional capacity of the Arctic monitoring networks for ocean and sea ice. Three reference sites have been selected as key locations for monitoring ongoing Arctic changes: Costal Greenland, paramount for freshwater output from the Greenland ice sheet; North of Svalbard (covering the region from shelf to deep basin) - the hot-spot for ocean-air-sea ice interactions, and heat and biological energy input to the European Arctic; and Fram Strait - the critical gateway for exchanges between the Arctic and the World oceans. The existing observatories in the reference sites have been extended with new moorings and novel autonomous instrumentation, in particular for biogeochemical measurements and sea ice observations. Bottom-mounted instruments have been also implemented for seismic observations. A distributed observatory for ocean and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and sub-Arctic seas includes non-stationary components such as ice-tethered observing platforms, float, gliders, and ships of opportunities, collecting multidisciplinary observations, still missing from the Arctic regions. New sensors, integrated platforms and experimental set-ups are currently under implementation during a two-year long deployment phase (2018-2020) with an aim to evaluate their sustained use in a future iAOS. New observations will be used for integration of new data products, demonstration studies and stakeholder consultations, contributing also to ongoing and future long-term initiatives (e.g. SAON).