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The demand for food continues to increase as population growth concerns the Indonesian government, as stated in the second goal of the Sustainable Development Goals, namely zero hunger. The National Food Agency (BPN) uses the Food Security Index (IKP) to monitor food security conditions in Indonesia's district/city and provincial levels. Based on the BPN data, most districts/cities in The Land of Papua (so called Irian Province before the year 2000) are food insecure. However, the IKP has a weakness in the subjectivity of determining weights so that it can disguise the failure of a program or exaggerate a success. The model-based clustering (MBC) method can measure the food security of districts/cities in this area based on food security indicators. However, the data conditions are generally not multivariate distributed, and there are many outliers, so this study used MBC with multivariate t distribution because it is more robust. The best model was obtained with two clusters based on the largest Bayesian Information Criterion value. Cluster 1, located in the mountains and islands such as Nduga, Intan Jaya, Mamberamo Tengah, Puncak, and Lanny Jaya, had low food security, low indicator achievements with high poverty characteristics, many households with a portion of household expenditure on the food of more than 65%, low access to electricity and clean water, low life expectancy and average years of schooling for women, and the percentage of stunted toddlers. Meanwhile, Cluster 2, areas with high food security, had the opposite condition. Keywords: food security, model-based clustering, multivariate t distribution, Land of Papua

IntroductionThe surge in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has been linked to excessive sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. In response, the World Health Organization advocates for SSB taxes as a preventive measure. This study conducts a systematic literature review, encompassing simulation modeling and empirical evidence, to evaluate the effectiveness of SSB taxes in diminishing NCD prevalence.MethodA systematic search from August 2002 to August 2022, utilizing databases like ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, Springer, and ResearchGate, identified 29 relevant articles worldwide following PRISMA 2020. The Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) 2018 tool was employed for economic evaluationResultAmong the selected articles, 22 utilized simulation models in group of countries such as South Africa, the US, the UK, Asia (Philippines, India, Indonesia, Thailand), Australia, and Europe (Germany), while seven were based on US and UK evidence. Simulation modeling consistently demonstrated that SSB taxes significantly reduced NCD incidence, prevalence, and mortality, also bolstering government revenue. Tax rates in simulations ranged from 10 to 25%. However, empirical evidence indicated a limited impact, primarily due to low tax rates. Notably, a UK-specific tax led to a 2.7% reduction in SSB sugar purchases and 40.2% higher purchases of no-levy drinks.DiscussionThe findings suggest that while simulation models demonstrate the potential effectiveness of SSB taxes in reducing NCDs, empirical evidence reveals there is no significant effect of the SSB tax, Based on the study conducted in this study, the SSB tax is not effective in reducing the prevalence of NCDs due to consumer preferences that have not changed. , likely due to the implementation of lower tax rates and failure to fulfill the assumption of subtitution product, physical activity, and so on. The study highlights that SSB tax is not effective in reducing the prevalence of NCDs due to consumer preference that have not change. Multi-actions are needed to support the sustainability of the implementation of the SSB tax, including education and promotion of healthy lifestyles and encouragement to reformulate SSB products by industry.

In the context of an increasingly advanced era, Internet of Things (IoT) technology has emerged as a significant innovation across a range of fields. One of the most rapidly developing Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). LoRaWAN is capable of long-distance communication while simultaneously consuming minimal power. In this study, we analyze the coverage of the LoRaWAN network in transmitting data with Cikumpa river water objects, with a 100–600 meters distance between the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX). This study assesses the RSSI network quality, LoRaWAN SNR, and LoRaWAN network QoS quality concerning throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss parameters. The testing results demonstrated that the LoRaWAN network coverage reaches a maximum distance of 600 meters. Researchers conducted the testing in the Cikumpa River area. They then analyzed the RSSI and SNR test results in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The results of the RSSI test and calculations demonstrate that as the distance between the transmitter and receiver increases, the RSSI value decreases. The RSSI testing conducted in the morning exhibited a range of -99 dBm to -121 dBm, with the SNR values spanning from -3.25 dB to 8.75 dB. The results of the daytime RSSI tests ranged from -104 dBm to -124 dBm, with the corresponding SNR values ranging from -8.50 dB to 9.00 dB. The RSSI test results for the afternoon period exhibited a range of -96 dBm to -120 dBm, while the SNR demonstrated a range of -7.25 dB to 9.00 dB. In addition, the quality of service (QoS) can be considered stable based on the results of the RSSI and SNR for each test. During the testing process, conducted at distances between 100 and 600 meters, there was no packet loss when data transmission occurred. This research demonstrates the potential for utilizing LoRaWAN technology to monitor a desired object remotely.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh multimedia interaktif berbasis articulate storyline yang telah memenuhi kategori valid, praktis, dan efektif dalam melatih kecerdasan visual pada materi ikatan kimia. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Research and Development (R&D) yang mengacu pada model pengembangan 4D oleh Thiagarajan. Namun, penelitian ini terbatas hanya sampai tahap development. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar validasi, angket respon peserta didik, dan lembar pretest-posttest. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data validitas multimedia mendapat skor ≥ 3 dengan kategori valid, data kepraktisan multimedia yang diperoleh dari hasil respon peserta didik mendapat persentase 96,458% dengan kategori sangat praktis, serta data keefektifan multimedia yang diperoleh dari hasil pretest-posttest yang dianalisis dengan uji Paired Sample T-Test mendapat nilai Signifikansi (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 serta hasil pretest-posttest yang dianalisis dengan uji ketuntasan klasikal mendapat persentase sebesar 90% untuk tes kecerdasan visual dan 85% untuk tes kognitif dengan kategori efektif. Adanya hubungan antara kecerdasan visual dan kemampuan kognitif peserta didik ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji korelasi Rank Spearman dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,545 yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan kuat antara kecerdasan visual dengan kemampuan kognitif, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa multimedia interaktif berbasis articulate storyline telah memenuhi kategori valid, sangat praktis, dan efektif sebagai multimedia pembelajaran untuk melatih kecerdasan visual yang akan berpengaruh pada peningkatan kemampuan kognitif peserta didik.

Application of corrosion inhibitor is a common method to minimize corrosion reaction of steel in aqueous environments. Research for an effective eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor is required due to the toxicity issues of the most commercially available corrosion inhibitors. Many recent studies have shown that various food waste can be utilized as corrosion inhibitors. Extracting inhibitor compounds from food waste is definitely low cost, less harm, and environmentally beneficial. One example of corrosion inhibitor derived from food waste is a water-soluble chitosan (WSC) inhibitor, which can be extracted from Crustacean shells. This study used shrimp shell waste to extract WSC and test the effectiveness on inhibiting corrosion of mild steel in acid solution. The weight loss method was employed at various inhibitor concentrations and solution types. The overall findings in this study indicate that the WSC extracted from shrimp shell exhibits a good inhibition performance in 0.5 M HCl solution with the efficiency up to 94.31% at a concentration of 3 g/l at room temperature. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and 2.2.7 UV-visible spectroscopy analysis showed that WSC molecules adsorbed on the steel surface and hinder the corrosion reactions.

Background: In Indonesia, the prevalence of dental and oral problems is still high at 57.6% in 2018, especially periodontitis at 74.1%. Peptidoglycan is an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (PGT) is a protein target that plays a role in transferring lipid disaccharides II to growing glycan chains for bacterial cell wall synthesis. Propolis is a natural ingredient produced by bees and has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant properties so that it has the potential to be a natural mouthwash ingredient. One of the antibacterial properties of propolis is to be able to kill and reduce the number of bacteria that cause periodontitis. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the potential of a specific compound of propolis as an inhibitor of protein peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase through bonding interactions. Methods: The method used is an in-silico test in molecular docking with computational software, namely Molegro virtual docker and Discovery Studio visualizer. Results: This study showed the types of bonds between the four compounds, and chlorhexidine as a control showed similar types of bonds, including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and unfavourable bonds. The binding energy values of each of the five compounds were pinocembrin -222.166 kJ/mol, hesperetin -230.144 kJ/mol, chrysin -219.45 kJ/mol, caffeic acid phenethyl ester -266.64 kJ/mol and chlorhexidine -362.71 kJ/mol. Conclusion: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is the most significant potential as an inhibitor of protein peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase and chlorhexidine has the highest binding affinity than the four propolis compounds, followed by caffeic acid phenethyl ester in propolis in silico.

This study aimed to examine the quality of broiler carcasses in the Banyuwangi traditional market with carcass quality examination based on SNI number 3924-2009 and tetracycline antibiotic residues test based on SNI number 7424:2008. A total of ten broiler chicken sellers as representative of almost all broiler chicken sellers in the Banyuwangi market, with each seller was taken for one carcass in this research. Carcass quality examination used a standart carcasses weight 1,0-1,3 kg. Carcass quality examination was carried out with descriptive analysis with reference to the physical characteristics of SNI (Standarisasi Nasional Indonesia). The bioassay method is used to test for tetracycline antibiotic residue. The result of the carcass quality examination showed that from the whole sample consisting of conformation, disjointed or broken bones and missing parts, discolorations, and cleanliness of broiler carcasses are good enough. The percentage quality of broiler carcasses quality I is 60%, quality II is 30% and quality III is 10%. The examination of antibiotic tetracycline residues in broiler meat showed negative results indicating that no feeds containing additional antibiotics made carcasses in the traditional Banyuwangi market safe for consumption.

Beraprost sodium is an oral prostacyclin analog that was first approved in 1992 (Japan) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders. It is administered orally as a tablet available in strength 20 μg. In this paper, we described a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method that was developed for the quantification of beraprost in human plasma with high sensitivity at picogram per milliliter concentration. The method had been validated in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, matrix effect, linearity, recovery and carry-over according to the Guideline on Bioanalytical Validation from the European Medicines Agency. The standard calibration curve for beraprost was 9.5-1419 pg/mL. This method has been applied successfully to a bioequivalence study with 60 μg of beraprost (three tablets) in 29 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the two formulations of beraprost are bioequivalent., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Purpose: To investigate the effect of using truncated area under the curve (AUC 0-72 ) on bioequivalence of dutasteride with long half-life in point estimate and intra-subject variability., Methods: Fifteen subjects were enrolled in this single-dose, open-label, randomized two-way crossover design following an overnight fasting with five-week washout period. Plasma samples were collected to 72 h and 144 h following drug administration and dutasteride were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. The pharmacokinetic parameters for bioequivalence assessment were AUC 0-72 and AUC 0-144 ., Results: The estimated point and the 90% confidence intervals were 91.07% (84.54-98.11%) for AUC 0-72 and 91.43% (84.65-98.75%) for AUC 0-144 , that is, within the ranges for acceptance of bioequivalence. The intra-subject variability's were 11.45% for AUC 0-72 and 11.87% for AUC 0-144. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference in point estimated and intra-subject variability between truncated AUC at 72 h and 144=h and the truncated AUC (AUC 0-72 ) approach could be considered for bioequivalence assessment for dutasteride., Competing Interests: Yahdiana Harahap was involved as principal investigator. She served as a paid consultant for Clinisindo in this study., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)