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AbstractObjective: To investigate patterns of campus sexual misconduct prevention education and response coordination. Participants: Administrative staff from the campus health and wellness and the campus safety and security sectors were recruited from 830 institutions of higher education (IHEs). Methods: Each sector received a separate web-based survey module. Recipients were encouraged to consult with colleagues within their sector to provide responses. Latent class analyses of eight indicators of campus policies and protocols, as reported by the surveyed administrative staff, were conducted. Results: Analyses revealed a three-class model describing IHEs with Cross-Cutting Policies (inclusive of education and training, supported by SART/Taskforces; 63%), Prevention Education and Training Policies only (34%), or SART/Taskforces only (3%). Administrative staff from both sectors provided consistent information about protocols related to sexual misconduct prevention and response on a given campus. A majority of IHEs reported at least some prevention education as well as staff participation in coordinated response teams. Conclusion: Sexual misconduct prevention education and response coordination is reasonably widespread, and about half of IHEs reported coordination among response teams. Because sexual misconduct remains a significant problem, these structural protocols would appear to require refinement within a broader ecological approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat: Human & Social Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Worldwide, various crimes have permeated schools, creating a major challenge when it comes to the maintenance of the safety and security of both educators and learners and, to a large extent, school infrastructure. It is surprising that South Africa is constantly grappling with a burgeoning wave of diverse crimes, a problem that is confined to the broader society but has infiltrated secondary schools. This study examined the types of crimes caused in secondary schools to establish effective safety and security measures for the prevention of those crimes. The study employed a qualitative approach in the form of an explanatory multi-case study of nine Tshwane South District (D4) public ordinary secondary schools in the province of Gauteng, South Africa, entrenched within Borda’s (1987) Participatory Theory. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews which were conducted with 30 purposively selected participants and analysed using thematic content analysis (TCA). The findings revealed the prevalence of various crimes in all the schools under study, and further exposed the lack of efficiency in the preservation of safety and security. To preserve safety and security, community involvement and participation are key because schools cannot rely only on technological advancement. Furthermore, all the stakeholders constituting a school community are urged to methodically consult and analyse all the existing policies for better and informed safety and security measures formulation. The study provides a unique opportunity for all stakeholders to assess strengths and weaknesses, thereby enabling the development of more effective measures to curtail and minimize the ongoing prevalence of such crimes.

Advancements in 3D modelling technology have facilitated more immersive and efficient solutions in spatial planning and user-centred design. In healthcare systems, 3D modelling is beneficial in various applications, such as emergency evacuation, pathfinding, and localization. These models support the fast and efficient planning of evacuation routes, ensuring the safety of patients, staff, and visitors, and guiding them in cases of emergency. To improve urban modelling and planning, 3D representation and analysis are used. Considering the advantages of 3D modelling, this study proposes a framework for 3D indoor navigation and employs a multiphase methodology to enhance spatial planning and user experience. Our approach combines state-of-the art GIS technology with a 3D hybrid model. The proposed framework incorporates federated learning (FL) along with edge computing and Internet of Things (IoT) devices to achieve accurate floor-level localization and navigation. In the first phase of the methodology, Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) software was used to create a 3D model of the building's architectural details, which are required for efficient indoor navigation during emergency evacuations in healthcare systems. In the second phase, the 3D model and an FL-based recurrent neural network (RNN) technique were utilized to achieve real-time indoor positioning. This method resulted in highly precise outcomes, attaining an accuracy rate over 99% at distances of no less than 10 metres. Continuous monitoring and effective pathfinding ensure that users can navigate safely and effectively during emergencies. IoT devices were connected with the building's navigation software in Phase 3. As per the performed analysis, it was observed that the proposed framework provided 98.7% routing accuracy between different locations during emergency situations. By improving safety, building accessibility, and energy efficiency, this research addresses the health and environmental impacts of modern technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of e-commerce has led to an unprecedented increase in parcel volumes, posing significant challenges for secure and efficient cross-border parcel delivery. This paper presents a preliminary study on the development of the PARSEC flow-simulation tool, which aims to improve parcel flow management for customs by integrating advanced detection technologies into parcel handling processes. The simulation model incorporates three scanning technologies into a system-ofsystems approach. Initial results demonstrate the potential for high detection rates and reduced false alarms, thereby minimizing costly and time-consuming manual inspections. By addressing important issues in parcel management flows, this tool could significantly enhance decision-making for secure and efficient parcel processing, making it adaptable to different facility sizes and operational conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines challenges to the study of rural crime and criminal justice through the lens of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It emphasizes that the rural population of the world and within many countries is a significant share of the total, even though urbanization will inevitably continue through the remainder of the 21st century. Contrary to longstanding stereotypes, especially those found in criminology, rural places are quite diverse. In addition, rural localities everywhere are changing, and with these changes emerge important issues related to the safety and security of rural populations. All 17 SDGs are discussed within the context of crimes that affect rural people and their perceptions of safety; we examine what rural criminology can do to help criminal justice policy-makers and practitioners focus strategies and tactics suitable for a rural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the tourism industry, understanding the factors that motivate visitors to revisit a country is crucial for its growth and expansion. This study aims to provide insights into the motivating factors that influence visitors' intentions to revisit following their first encounter, using Jordan as a case study. The complex relationships between safety and security, accessibility, service quality, cognitive image, emotive image, and revisit intention were examined statistically. To do this we employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to create a hypothetical model, and to implement this model the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach was adopted to evaluate the proposed hypotheses. The findings highlight the importance of these factors in shaping tourists' revisit intentions. Safety and security, accessibility, service quality, and both cognitive and emotive images significantly influence the likelihood of repeat visits. The research topic is original in that it uniquely explores the particular factors influencing tourists' revisit to Jordan focusing on safety and security, accessibility, service quality and destination image. The conceptual framework that was employed by the researchers is considered original through its application of SEM and PLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Introduction Aim Method Results Discussion Implications for Practice While the concept of psychological safety has been gaining momentum, research concerning psychological safety in inpatient mental health wards is lacking.To investigate how psychological safety is conceptualised by healthcare staff in inpatient mental health units, and what barriers and facilitators exist.Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to analyse 12 interviews.Participants conceptualised psychological safety as feeling safe from physical harm, being able to develop meaningful relationships and feeling valued at work. Participants often did not feel physically safe at work, which led them to feel psychologically unsafe. Barriers to psychological safety were reliance on agency workers, punitive management approaches and the inherent risk in working with mental health inpatients. Facilitators included appropriate staffing ratios and skill mix, being able to form meaningful relationships and having access to support.The emphasis on the physical safety element within psychological safety means that existing definitions of psychological safety require extension for the mental healthcare context. However, large‐scale research is needed to further understand experiences of psychological safety in this group.A better understanding of the dimensions of psychological safety in inpatient mental health settings could support the development of tools to investigate psychological safety interventions. Organisations could support psychological safety through regular staff supervision and improved staffing ratios and skill mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on scientific research, it appears that for investments in complex energy-mining infrastructures (including the SMR Doicești-Dâmbovița), attention must be paid to the groups of variables belonging to weak points and threats. The main objective of the article is to combine the sub-strategies of the complex energy-mining infrastructures for protection, safety and security, respectively to obtain the appreciation of the level of positive situation on the scale of the coefficients of importance of the components of the researched complex. The approach in relation to the main objective also gives rise to the formulation of three secondary objectives, as follows: a) identification of probabilities and degree of risk assessment regarding protection, safety and security in complex energy-mining infrastructures and characterization of the consequences in the field; b) the application of the SWOT analysis and the TOPSIS Method for the researched objective, emphasizing the characteristics located between appropriate weights; c) highlighting the strategic values of the sub-strategies in relation to nuclear protection, safety and security, showing the decision-makers whether the investment in the energy-mining infrastructure is feasible, reliable and efficient. The paper reports technical protection considerations of the Small Modular Reactors (SMR) system, the list of nuclear hazards/events/incidents drawn up for SMR, technical aspects in the system of underground mining enterprises for the extraction of uranium ore. Also presented are the factors of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses systematized in the SWOT analysis for SMR, the possible algorithm and mathematical models of mining security, the characterization of sub-strategies of protection, safety and nuclear security in relation to the importance coefficients collected for the decision to mount and put into operation the SMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the multiple demand differences and the existence of distribution network faults, the study conducts a multiple demand-side resource regulation capability assessment for distribution network safety and security as a way to achieve distribution network resource regulation optimization. The study considers multiple demands and adopts the correlation depth wandering algorithm to assess node faults in the distribution network, and proposes a quantitative assessment strategy for multiple demand-side resource regulation capability, and constructs an index system for assessing the resource regulation capability of the distribution network, and carries out the assessment of the resource regulation capability of the multiple demand-side resources. The results show that the regulation efficiency of wind power, thermal power, solar power and hydro power is above 20%, i.e., the combined regulation efficiency of the four energy sources is able to reach above 80%. The results show that the multi-demand-side resource regulation capability for distribution network security can be significantly improved, and the findings of the study have an important practical value for the electric power industry in terms of resource regulation and security, as well as providing a strong support for the sustainable development of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectonics & Architecture / Építés - Építészettudomány is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fieldbus transmitters are commonly used in modern industrial productions, particularly in Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS). Safety and security are critical considerations in the design and operation of these transmitters. Previous research has tended to address safety issues and security issues separately, but with the increasing complexity of network technology, it is important to analyze them simultaneously. In this paper, a systematic framework for comprehensively analyzing random failures and cyber-attack failures is proposed. The framework adopts the FMEA-IMEA method, which combines Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Intrusion Modes and Effects Analysis (IMEA), to analyze failure modes and effects of fieldbus transmitters. In addition, by extending Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD), the impact of random failures and cyber-attack failures on fieldbus transmitters is quantitatively determined. At the same time, calculation approach of the residual error rate (RER), Component counting method, and Monte Carlo are used to determine random failure rate and cyber-attack failure rate. Using fieldbus pressure transmitter and fieldbus temperature transmitter as examples, the results demonstrate that security issues can significantly impact the safety integrity level. In fact, the safety integrity level is reduced from SIL3 to SIL1 when cyber-attacks are considered. Compared to existing FMEA, the proposed approach offers a more comprehensive analysis of random failures and cyber-attack failures in fieldbus transmitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The harsh environment in tunnels with high geothermal temperatures and humidity can adversely impact machinery, personnel, and construction. The main causes of specific problems are the unknown mechanisms of local geothermal formation, inappropriate temperature control measures, and insufficient systematic safeguards. In this study, three work sections relating to a high geothermal tunnel are: the tunnel face, middle-of-tunnel section, and outside-of-tunnel section. A cooling strategy is proposed to offer technical support in achieving comprehensive cooling, overall as well as for each of the sections. First, a comprehensive geological survey explores the mechanism and exact location of the heat source. Secondly, grouting and centralized drainage measures are used to control the heat release of hot water. Enhanced ventilation, ice chillers and other applicable measures are used to control the ambient temperature. Finally, a monitoring and early warning system is established to prevent accidents. This cooling strategy has been applied in the field with good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of efficiency, reliability, responsiveness, safety, and security on customer satisfaction with sustainable e-banking. The study used a quantitative methodology, with data collected from customers of commercial banks in South Punjab, Pakistan. A Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect cross-sectional data. A sample of 350 was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for testing descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression results. The study's results revealed that efficiency, reliability, responsiveness, safety, and security significantly impacted customer satisfaction with e-banking services. Efficiency and reliability were the most crucial factors influencing customer satisfaction, followed by safety, security, and responsiveness. The research findings have important implications for commercial banks, as they highlight the critical role of these factors in the development of sustainable e-banking practices. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for commercial banks seeking to improve their e-banking services and ensure customer satisfaction. Commercial banks can enhance their competitiveness and achieve sustainable growth in the highly competitive e-banking sector by prioritizing efficiency, reliability, responsiveness, and safety and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of autonomous vehicles (AV) entails complex design, production, testing, and deployment procedures that require excellent information and knowledge management in the event of security breaches. As researchers and managers, we must have a good understanding of the development of AV technology. Communication and information exchange, as well as knowledge management (KM) strategies and approaches, are undoubtedly important components. The most difficult challenge is to save the lives of drivers and passengers who use and travel in an AV that is partially or entirely managed by a machine learning model (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). In this paper, we attempt to investigate the manufacturing process of AVs and intelligent vehicles (IVs), emphasizing the importance of information management (IM) within the factory and processes that are not explicitly articulated in the majority of scenarios. Furthermore, we discuss our method for using the knowledge management life cycle for information exchange in an organization, which could allow for faster and more efficient resolution of security issues within vehicle operating systems. This study seeks to provide an essential theoretical foundation to characterize the future scope of integrated manufacturing, which integrates software and the industry that employs it within the vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of meaningful importance to evaluate the performance of all the nuclear facilities, and particularly those part of such buildings where spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is stored to assess what kinds of consequences are anomalous/abnormal or to determine what types of accident events may occur. In this preliminary study, the strategies adopted for the management of SNF, and the risk related to them are discussed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the total radioactivity inventory characterising Ukrainian nuclear facilities, including storage facilities. The dataset used to calculate the total activity associated with nuclear fuel is provided and discussed. For the evaluation, it is considered that a SNF pool in VVER-1000 is designed to store 687 fuel assemblies, and 670 are in VVER-440. When it is half full, which is the case for 15 Ukrainian units, it will store about 2200 tU containing up to 1·1019 Bq of 137Cs, 7·1018 Bq of 90Sr, and 1·1019 Bq of TUE. This study focuses particularly on the total activity of the SNF stored at the Zaporozhye plant, the biggest nuclear plant in Europe, and the risk posed by the potential loss that cooling the plant could incur because of pond water level variation. The results of the analysis of the Zaporozhye NPP behaviour suggest that the water flow rate which keeps the SNF pool temperature constant is about 200,000 m3·day−1. Therefore, the water level in the pond should not be lower than 1.5–2 m; otherwise, the plant will need an additional source of water of more than 200,000 m3 per day to guarantee safe storage of SNF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative Vehicular Platooning (Co-VP) is a prime example of Cooperative Cyber-Physical Systems (Co-CPS), offering great potential for enhancing road safety by reducing human involvement in driving. However, this domain presents significant challenges, incorporating control theory, communications, vehicle dynamics, security, and traffic engineering. This survey explores recent advancements in Co-VP, covering control strategies, communication infrastructures, and cybersecurity. It also examines testing and validation methods, such as simulation tools, hardware-in-the-loop setups, and vehicular testbeds. Lastly, it outlines open challenges within the Co-VP field. This comprehensive overview serves as a guide for further developments in this complex and critical area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitality is a sustainable concept that enhances survival and life, distinguishes successful cities from their counterparts, accommodates various events, and generates an active public life. The research highlights the role of safety and security in achieving the vitality of urban space. Therefore, the research problem was the lack of clarity of the safety and security factors and indicators that enable us to create a vibrant and sustainable urban space. Accordingly, the aim of the research in the conceptual framework was to identify these factors and indicators and explain their role in achieving vital space. This was achieved by following the descriptive approach as well as analyzing the data of the study area (Al-Mutanabbi neighborhood space in the city of Kufa, Iraq) using geographical information systems. The research assumed that there are five factors related to safety and security that greatly influence the vitality of urban space. These factors are as follows (traffic safety, protection from crime, control of public space, density, and accessibility). These factors affect people's use of urban space and the duration of residence there. It controls the density of users, as well as providing the opportunity to practice various community activities and enjoy public life within the space. It was concluded that the vitality of urban space cannot be created unless indicators of traffic safety and accessibility within this space are activated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Township tourism has become more varied, offering a wider range of products, experiences and services. In this paper, we examine residents and stakeholders’ opinions on township tourism in Langa, Cape Town, South Africa; an area characterised by crime, unemployment, housing backlogs and poverty. Using a qualitative approach, this paper reports on empirical evidence conducted with key tourism stakeholders to understand some of their perceptions regarding township tourism development in Langa. Concerns about safety, poor infrastructure and a lack of interaction between tourists and the local community are raised by Langa residents and community leaders. Their dissatisfaction with tour guides and tour routes serves as a reminder of the need for more inclusive practices. While business owners are aware of the potential of tourism in promoting cross-cultural dialogue, deepening understanding and creating priceless experiences, they are constrained by perceptions of crime, a lack of tourist exposure to local establishments and the exclusion from decision-making processes. Despite these difficulties that township tourism faces, it is crucial to promote ethical tourism practices that put emphasis on genuine encounters and local community empowerment.

Context and purpose: Rural production cooperatives play an important role in sustainable rural development and are one of the advanced stages of cooperation. Rural production cooperatives play a very important role in reducing rural poverty by increasing production efficiency and can provide services that governments are unable to provide for poor people. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of rural production cooperatives in improving the status of the 12 components of Legatum welfare in rural areas.Methodology/approach. The present research was conducted using a survey and descriptive-correlational methodology. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 17,493 rural household members and non-members in rural production cooperatives of Miandoab city and 377 households were randomly selected. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using SPSS27 and LISREL software 8.8. Findings and conclusions. The results showed that rural production cooperatives play an effective role in improving the 12 structures of Legatum welfare (including safety and security; personal freedom; governance; social capital; investment environment; entrepreneurial conditions; market access and infrastructure; economic conditions; living conditions; health; education and natural environment). Meanwhile, rural production cooperatives played the biggest role in improving the education component. In the end, practical suggestions were presented. Originality. Previous studies have investigated the role of one or two components of welfare, and none of the previous studies have addressed the role of all components of welfare simultaneously, which is considered among the innovations of the current research.

Culture and human factors in aviation environment are not new concepts. They have been primary components of the aviation safety system and have become fundamental to the operations of air carriers. Their significance in ensuring safe aviation practices is widely recognised and accepted today. These concepts have been seamlessly integrated into the organisational DNA of aviation safety, shaping core principles and practices. In contrast, aviation security has historically lagged behind, often seen merely as a component of the broader safety framework. Over the years, safety and security have evolved separately, reflecting their distinct natures. While aviation safety has reached a high level of maturity, aviation security is now in a position where it must catch up. Current aviation security staff recruitment and retention challenges need to be addressed by creating better strategy for future recruitment, professionalisation of security workforce and improved airport environment. Embedding strong and effective security culture, consideration of human factors and their impact on staff performance and development of mission valence can positively affect airport working environment, leading to better staff retention and positive perception of aviation security roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety and security is at the heart of expectations of family life. Or is it? When Russia invaded Ukraine, it unleashed another massive movement of peoples in search of safety, fleeing from a lack of security, and forced to leave behind other loved ones, such as husbands, partners, fathers, and grandparents. Many countries, including the United Kingdom, offered to host dislocated Ukrainian mothers and their children as guests in family homes. The UK Government launched the “Homes for Ukraine” scheme in March 2022. The hosts need to be able to offer a spare room or a home for at least 6 months. The Government makes monthly thank you payments to the hosts to help continue their sponsorship of their Ukrainian guests. The matching of hosts and guests is carried out at the local government level with a visit to the host property to ensure it meets the required standard and also the safeguarding “disclosure and barring service” check. In June 2023, over 100,000 Ukrainian families are in the scheme. This recent and well-intentioned social experiment in guesting and hosting has brought forth both predictable and unforeseen consequences, and a re-visioning of the meaning and practice of family and family life. In this article, the authors explore some of the reported experiences of guests and hosts to examine what is meant by family, and what helps to create a felt sense of safety in family relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenges surrounding the confidentiality of data transmission in the context of the upcoming sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks are proposed in this research. The study explores the potential role of blockchain systems in enhancing data security. It examines the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques to address the growing complexities of handling massive data volumes within the 6G environment. This research involves a comprehensive survey of existing strategies for maintaining data confidentiality in automotive communication systems. It further investigates an analysis of confidentiality approaches inspired by the 6G network architecture. The study examines the potential security implications of the Internet of Everything (IoE). It evaluates current research issues related to safeguarding data confidentiality within the framework of 6G communication among vehicles. The exploration involves reviewing ML techniques and their applicability in resolving the data processing challenges inherent in the 6G wireless network environment. The proposed work reveals the increasing complexity and variability of the 6G wireless network environment, leading to potential challenges in protecting private and confidential data during communication. It highlights the promising role of blockchain systems in addressing data security concerns within the 6G network context. Additionally, the study underscores the transformative potential of integrating ML techniques to handle the massive data volumes generated within the 6G ecosystem. The research highlights the importance of these technologies in mitigating data security risks and ensuring the confidentiality of information exchanged within the 6G communication framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication has played a pivotal role in modern intelligent transportation systems, enabling seamless information exchange among vehicles to enhance road safety, traffic efficiency, and overall driving experience. However, the secure transmission of sensitive data between vehicles remains a critical concern due to potential security threats and vulnerabilities. This research focused on investigating the security protocols that have been employed in vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems. A comprehensive review and analysis of relevant literature and research papers was conducted to gather information on existing V2V communication security protocols and techniques. The analysis encompassed key areas, including authentication mechanisms, encryption algorithms, key management protocols, and intrusion detection systems specifically applicable to V2V communication networks. Within the context of real-world V2V environments, this study delved into the challenges and limitations associated with implementing these protocols. The research aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the current V2V communication security protocols. Furthermore, based on the findings, this paper proposes improvements and recommendations to enhance the security measures of the V2V communication protocol. Ultimately, this research contributes to the development of more secure and reliable V2V communication systems, propelling the advancement of intelligent transportation technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism Risk Perception (TRP) is a crucial factor that shapes the overall experience and satisfaction of visitors to a particular destination. The overall objective of this study was to analyze the TRP of Bangladesh. Specifically, the authors analyzed the TRP of Nature-Based Tourism, Archeological Tourism, and Amusement Parks in Bangladesh. A weighted model called the TRP model (Ciu et. al., 2016; Zang, 2012) was applied to measure the TRP. The data was collected from 800 tourists through systematic sampling techniques and 760 of them were usable. The study found that tourists perceived higher risk in Nature-Based Tourism destinations (TRP 5.38) in Bangladesh than in Archeological (TRP 5.25) and Amusement Parks (5.19). When considering individual dimensions of risk perception, the lack of medical/first aid services presented the highest risk (TRP 9.84). Overcharging in restaurants and shopping (TRP 8.07), unhygienic food (TRP 8.03), and overcharging in local transportation (TRP 7.80) are among the other high-risk TRP. The lowest risk was posed by the negative attitude of family and friends (TRP 2.73), the lack of quality leisure time (TRP 3.31), and the feeling of contentment (3.62). To address these issues, this study proposed multi-faceted approaches such as improving medical and first aid services, addressing price transparency and fair pricing, enhancing food safety and hygiene, enhancing information dissemination and risk communication, and conducting regular monitoring and evaluation. These comprehensive strategies aim to enhance the overall tourist experience while mitigating perceived risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to determine the Marketing Strategies in the Agricultural Tourism industry in Barangay Alapang amidst pandemic. The respondents of the study were the Agri-Tourism sectors such as the Municipal Tourism and Agriculture officer, Barangay council, Farmers and Local Tourists. This study used Documentary Descriptive analysis technique which sought to document, describe, analyze and interpret the data gathered on the objectives, and result on the marketing strategy. A questionnaire was the primary instrument used in gathering the data needed in the study. Secondary data on tourist's arrival and other information were downloaded from the website of the Department of Tourism. The findings of the study are as follows: The total number of tourists who visited Barangay Alapang before the COVID-19 pandemic is greater compared to the number of those who visited during this time. There were more female tourists who visited Barangay Alapang during 2020-2021 with a majority under the generation of Millennials. The Kenvin's Garden is the most preferred Agricultural Tourism site and the Potted Flower Festival is the most preferred Agri- Tourism program in Barangay Alapang. Among the issues and challenges encountered by Barangay Alapang, rank 1 was on pandemic situation disrupting the activities because only local tourists are allowed to visit tourist sites. Moreover, the respondents strongly agree on the contribution of Agri-Tourism to Barangay Alapang in terms of its economic and social status and media relations was considered as the most used marketing strategy to promote the barangay amidst COVID- 19 pandemic. Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn: Tourists arrival in Barangay Alapang is affected by the desire of travelers for safety and security. Female tourists under the generation of Millennials are more daring because they have not experienced the difficult and trying times known by their elders and their male counter parts. The preference for Agri-Tourism sites is based on the benefits and beauty these sites offer while the preference for Agri-Tourism programs is based on the need of the residents to promote their culture and at the same time address their economic needs. The disruption of the activities which topped the list of issues and concerns can be attributed to the residents' desire to keep their sources of livelihood be sustained. The respondents strongly agreed on the contributions of Agri-Tourism to the economic and social status of Barangay Alapang because these are happening at the moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advocates of electric, shared, and automated vehicles (e-SAVs) envision a future in which people no longer need to drive their privately owned, petroleum-fueled vehicles. Instead, for daily travel they rely on fleets of electric, automated vehicles that offer travel services, including the option to share, or “pool,” rides with strangers. The design, deployment, and operation of e-SAVs will require widespread willingness of users to share with strangers vehicles that are capable of fully automated driving. To achieve the environmental and societal goals of e-SAVs it is critical to first understand and address safety and security concerns of potential and actual users. Researchers at the University of California, Davis, reviewed the literature to understand potential users’ perceptions of safety and security risks posed by intertwined social and technical systems of e-SAVs and proposed a framework to advance research, policy, and system design. This policy brief summarizes the findings of that work and provides policy implications.View the NCST Project Webpage