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The objective of this research is to establish new results for set-valued dominated mappings that meet the criteria of advanced locally contractions in a complete extended b-metric space. Additionally, we intend to establish new fixed point outcomes for a couple of dominated multi-functions on a closed ball that satisfy generalized local contractions. In this study, we present novel findings for dominated maps in an ordered complete extended b-metric space. Additionally, we introduce a new concept of multi-graph dominated mappings on a closed ball within these spaces and demonstrate some original results for graphic contractions equipped with a graphic structure. To demonstrate the uniqueness of our new discoveries, we verify their applicability in obtaining a joint solution of integral and functional equations. Our findings have also led to modifications of numerous classical and contemporary results in existing research literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El ácido salicílico es una hormona vegetal endógena que actúa como antioxidante con diversos impactos sobre la tolerancia de la planta a estreses bióticos y abióticos. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue investigar la influencia del AS sobre el crecimiento y el rendimiento del girasol bajo condiciones salinas. El presente estudio se desarrolló en el Área de Investigación Agrícola de la Universidad Bahauddin Zakariya en Multan, en macetas llenas de tierra durante la primavera del 2016. La tierra aplicada era de naturaleza moderadamente salina (14.5 d Sm-1). El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorio con un arreglo factorial 2'4 de los tratamientos: dos híbridos de girasol (S-278 y Hysun-33) y cuatro concentraciones de AS (testigo 0 mM SA, 10, 55 y 100 mM AS, aplicación foliar). El crecimiento del girasol en el testigo fue severamente afectado en el suelo salino, pero el efecto del estrés salino se redujo con un aspersor foliar de AS, que mejoró las variables de crecimiento y de rendimiento de ambos híbridos de girasol. La aplicación foliar de 10 mM AS mejoró la altura de la planta, el diámetro del tallo y contenido de clorofila bajo condiciones salinas, mientras que 10 mM de SA tuvieron una influencia positiva sobre el diámetro de la cabezuela, rendimiento de aquenio y contenidos de aceite, comparado con los otros tratamientos. Los híbridos S-278 tuvieron un desempeño significativamente mejor que el Hysun-33 en la altura de la planta y contenido de aceite. La aplicación foliar de 10 mM AS fue lo mejor para el girasol bajo suelos moderadamente salinos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the age at which testosterone starts decreasing in male subjects. Methodology: This comparative study was conducted on two groups; group 1 included male subjects with 18–21 years of age and group 2 included male subjects with 22–25 years of age. Subjects having history of hypogonadism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, mental illness like depression were all excluded. Serum testosterone was analyzed by Radio Immuno Assay method on gamma counter in Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar. The serum testosterone levels of the two groups were compared for a significant difference by using student-t test. Results: Group 1 included 80 subjects and group 2 had 75 patients. In group 1, testosterone level was >12 ng/ml in 22.5% (n=18/80), 7-12ng/ml in 58.75% (47/80) and <7 ng/ml in 18.75% (n=15/80) cases. In group 2, testosterone level was >12 ng/ml in 8% (n=6/75), 7-12ng/ml in 54.6% (n=41/75) and <7 ng/ml in 37.3% (n=28/75) cases. Mean testosterone level was 9.40±2.986 ng/ml in group 1 and 7.89±2.891 ng/ml in group 2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The testosterone level in male subject is significantly lowered at 22–25 years of age as compared to 18–21 years of age. Well planned and large scale studies are required to address the issue in detail and to find out the causes of early decline of the testosterone level in young male subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The objective of this study was to find the frequency of positive cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in patients who were referred from the outpatient department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar during the year 2009. Materials and Methods It was a descriptive study performed in the Pathology Department of Khyber Medical College Peshawar. All those patients who had suspected skin lesion and attended the skin OPD of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar were included in the study. Proper sampling was done and taken on slide, stained with Giemsa stain and examined under direct microscopy for leishmania. Results Out of total 120 cases, 60 (50%) were positive. In the positive cases male to female ratio was 2:1. Most of the positive cases were in age range of 15-40 years. Conclusion Chronic non-healing ulcer must be investigated for cutaneous leishmaniasis due to an increased incidence. In addition, the community should be educated about cutaneous leishmaniasis with emphasis on preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]