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We study a Dial-a-Flight Problem faced by one of the major safari airline companies in Tanzania. Given a set of daily passenger requests and a fleet of heterogeneous airplanes, the problem requires to determine the best set of itineraries to transport the passengers from their origins to the requested destinations within specific time windows, while satisfying a number of operational constraints. The aim is to minimize user inconvenience, measured by delays with respect to the pre-defined time windows and by the number of intermediate stops in the itineraries, and operational cost. The problem is complicated by the high number of daily requests in peak touristic periods, and by the fact that refueling is possible only at a limited number of airstrips. We solve the problem by means of an adaptive large neighborhood search, which we enrich with local search operators and a set partitioning model. Extensive computational tests on real-world instances prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which can improve the solutions found by the company both in terms of operational cost and user inconvenience, in reasonable computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data from the Planck and Herschel space observatories revealed that the cosmic rays at L2 orbit can have a significant impact on the performance of scientific instruments. In this paper, we present our simulation results of such impacts on SAFARI/SPICA, a far-infrared spectrometer equipped with transition-edge sensors (TESs). These TESs are fabricated on SiN membranes and suspended by long and thin SiN legs that thermally isolate them from the surrounding silicon structure (wafer). Cosmic rays that pass through this surrounding structure deposit a portion of their energy, leading to temperature fluctuations in the wafer. These temperature fluctuations are sensed by the TES detectors as an effective bath temperature and result in additional noise. To simulate the impact, we generate a 2D model of the wafer and the suspended TESs in COMSOL 5.4. This 2D model is bombarded with 128 randomly generated cosmic rays according to the observed energy distributions at L2. Subsequently, the temperature fluctuations at different points on the wafer are estimated. Our results show that these thermal fluctuations, as well as the calculated additional TES noise caused by them, depend strongly on the heat-sink design of the wafer. We study the impact of the different heat sink designs on the noise profile of the system. Later, these results are compared to the SAFARI instrument noise requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemingway's second safari of 1953-1954 provided the basis for a manuscript Hemingway called the African Book. Unfinished at the time of his death, this book would be posthumously published: first as shorter excerpts in Sports Illustrated (1971), and later in two editions: True at First Light, an abridged version edited by Patrick Hemingway (1999) and Under Kilimanjaro, a comprehensive text edited by Robert W. Lewis and Robert E. Fleming (2005). Neither book has superseded the other as the definitive African Book treatment, and their significant differences illuminate one another. This article considers differences between the texts, including differences in genre, in portrayal of the "tribalization" of the author, and in Hemingway's attitude toward critical opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Standort: Zeitschrift für Angewandte Geographie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reduncin bovids of Kobus spp. (Bovidae: Reduncini) are natively distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, although some populations have been introduced into parks and zoos around the world. The majority of the species has declining populations, being categorized as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; therefore, protective measures for the conservation of Kobus spp. are necessary, including the study of their parasites, such as the eimeriid coccidians (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). In this context, the aim of the current study was to brings together the taxonomic data from the descriptions and reports of Eimeria spp. from reduncin bovids, based on the detailed morphological identification of Eimeria congolensis Ricci-Bitti, Pampiglione & Kabala, 1973 from a new host subspecies, the common waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus (Ogilbyi, 1833), in a safari park of Portugal. Five Eimeria spp. are recorded from reduncin bovids, in addition to six more reports identified generically as Eimeria sp., which were compared and taxonomically rearranged. The oocysts identified as E. congolensis in the current study were compatible with the original description and were supplemented for some taxonomic characters not originally included, such as: Stieda body flattened to nipplelike, sub-Stieda body rounded to trapezoidal, sporocyst residuum granular and membrane-bound, in addition to greater details of the micropyle, among others. Finally, the current study highlights the importance of studying the coccidians of reduncin bovids for the conservation of Kobus spp. due to the possibility of these Eimeria spp. are extra-intestinal parasites, which can potentially cause severe coccidiosis associated with increased morbidity and mortality in certain threatened populations of Kobus spp. [Display omitted] • The taxonomy of Eimeria spp. from reduncin bovids is revised. • Eimeria congolensis is identified providing supplementary morphological data. • A new host subspecies, Kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus , is recorded in Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Re-entry devices are used regularly in subintimal recanalization of chronic occlusions of the iliac and femoro-popliteal arteries and significantly contribute to the high success rate of these interventions. However, the use in tibio-peroneal arteries has only been described in few cases so far. The present work is a retrospective evaluation of the Outback® re-entry device for gaining targeted true lumen access at the level of the tibio-peroneal arteries. Methods From 9/2017 until 10/2020 the Outback® catheter was used in case of failed spontaneous re-entry at the level of the tibio-peroneal arteries in 14 patients either instead of the usual retrograde approach via a pedal/distal-crural access (n = 11) or in combination with it (n = 3). Baseline demographic and clinical data, morphologic characteristics of the occlusions, procedural succedss, as well as the Society of Vascular Surgery (SVS) runoff score before and after revascularization were documented. Results All patients (median age: 78 years; range: 66–93) suffered from peripheral artery occlusive disease Rutherford stage 4 to 6 with a median lesion length of 12 cm (range: 7–35). Technical and procedural success was achieved in all 14 patients. The mean re-entry accuracy was 0.25 cm (range: 0–0.8). The SVS runoff score improved from a median of 14.5 (interquartile range IQR: 10.8–16.4) to 7 (IQR: 6.3–7) (p

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The modern fashion world is driven by fast fashion trends, and consequently the problem of over- consumption is occurred. Designers have a dramatic impact on reducing the material content of consumption and hence aggregate request on the environment through innovative designs which demand a new type of fashion practice based more on transformative acts and less on consumptive ones. The transformation process allow to raise the utility, functional possibilities and aesthetic properties of designs, thus transformable clothing has made progress to sustainability. This study aims to explore the feasibility of extending multi-functional product, and how to enable newly developed product to be both a safari clothing and various utilitarian items (backpack-sleeping bag-tent). The present study find that the multi-function transformation design is an effective way to solve material wastage of product manufacturing, improve utilization frequency of products and meet the basic needs of consumersWithin the fashion industry the trend for ‘fast fashion’ has generated an exponential rise in the sale of inexpensive fashion garments that are often worn too little, washed too often and are too quickly discarded, which lead to major implications for the environment and society. Fashion designer in industry needs to consider further criteria within the company’s design brief and accept that the design brief should extend beyond the usual economically driven conventional criterion, to include criteria that will meet the needs of the environment and society. [1]The fashion discipline is far behind, for example: industrial design in producing scientific environmental knowledge of designer’s use, trying new design methods to solve problems in more creative ways, or engaging consumers in sustainable transformation processes. By definition design for environment include environmental consideration and specially life cycle thinking. The sustainable design approach adds to the aforementioned the ethical and social dimensions of the product, in its manufacturing, use and disposal phases. [2]The transformable garments represent an actual group in the assortment of contemporary clothing, providing wide possibilities of obtaining multifunctional shapes. The transformable products include an ensemble of garments designed with diverse techniques and methods, both traditional and non-traditional. The morphological transformation techniques are based on the principles of reconstruction and transformation, facilitating the transformation of one product shape into another and transformation of elements in the interior of the same shape. [3]

The challenge of Persian and Arabic poetry and literature at the court of Jacob Laith and his successors AbstractAccording to some scholars from the book of the history of Sistan Ya'qub Laith Safari is the revivalist of Persian language and it's not in Arabic and his successors also took Jacob's way have neglected Arabic language and literature. however, the findings of this study prove the contrary and shows the Safari dynasty has not only not been turning away from Arabic, but they have also been loved and loved by it and what about Ya'qub Laith the founder of this dynasty his absence of Arabic comes from baseless. based on this article intends to explain the status of Arabic language and literature at the court of the Safari by descriptive-analytical method, reasons to refuse arabic notion of Ya'qub and his successors and revealing the high rank of Arabic language and literature in the Safari dynasty, the first independent Iranian rule.

Background: Re-entry devices are used regularly in subintimal recanalization of chronic occlusions of the iliac and femoro-popliteal arteries and significantly contribute to the high success rate of these interventions. However, the use in tibio-peroneal arteries has only been described in few cases so far. The present work is a retrospective evaluation of the Outback® re-entry device for gaining targeted true lumen access at the level of the tibio-peroneal arteries. Methods: From 9/2017 until 10/2020 the Outback® catheter was used in case of failed spontaneous re-entry at the level of the tibio-peroneal arteries in 14 patients either instead of the usual retrograde approach via a pedal/distal-crural access (n = 11) or in combination with it (n = 3). Baseline demographic and clinical data, morphologic characteristics of the occlusions, procedural succedss, as well as the Society of Vascular Surgery (SVS) runoff score before and after revascularization were documented. Results: All patients (median age: 78 years; range: 66–93) suffered from peripheral artery occlusive disease Rutherford stage 4 to 6 with a median lesion length of 12 cm (range: 7–35). Technical and procedural success was achieved in all 14 patients. The mean re-entry accuracy was 0.25 cm (range: 0–0.8). The SVS runoff score improved from a median of 14.5 (interquartile range IQR: 10.8–16.4) to 7 (IQR: 6.3–7) (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The use of the Outback® catheter for targeted tibio-peroneal re-entry is associated with a high technical and procedural success rate and should be considered in case of otherwise failed ante- and retrograde recanalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Africa, wildlife-watching experiences create substantial revenue from tourists that can finance wildlife conservation. Horseback safaris, where an experienced guide takes guests through the bush on horseback to observe plains game species, are a popular activity. Close encounters between ridden horses and game species are unnatural and potentially stressful situations, and horseback safaris may have adverse impacts on both the horses and the wildlife they have come to observe. This study aims to provide a preliminary insight into the behavioural responses of horses and herbivorous plains game species, including giraffe, zebra and impala, as a proxy measure of the potential welfare implications of horseback safaris. Seventeen group safari rides were observed encompassing 72 encounters with plains game species. Game species differed in their response to encounters with the horseback safari ride. Equine response behaviour appeared to be influenced by the species of game encountered. Horses seemed more wary of giraffe than other species, with a higher percentage of horses showing stationary and retreat behaviour at the start of giraffe encounters. They were also most likely to shy at giraffe. The behavioural responses suggest that game encounters can elicit a stress response in both animal groups, although it is not usually extreme, potentially indicating that some degree of habituation has occurred. Balancing the welfare of both the horses and the plains game species along with tourist preferences may be challenging in this context.

Copyright of Diyalektolog - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Diyalektolog and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We are developing the frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) readout for the SAFARI far-infrared spectrometer on board the SPICA space observatory. Each readout channel comprises a set of ~ 160 TESs and LC filters and is read out with a SQUID preamplifier. Baseband feedback is applied to overcome the dynamic range limitations of the SQUID. We have carried out extensive characterization of a test readout system coupled to a 176-pixel TES bolometer array in order to understand and optimize the system. We present our latest measurements of this 176-pixel FDM demonstrator, focusing on the noise contribution from the SQUID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Austrian director Ulrich Seidl often films interview subjects as though they were posing for portrait photographs, and Seidl maintains that one of his major influences is the photographer Diane Arbus. This article examines how this high level of control over a film’s frames reveals strategies central to his filmmaking and especially to his documentary films. Seidl is particularly concerned with depicting his subjects’ complicity in the exploitation of labor, as seen in Safari (2016), a film about Austrians who travel to Namibia to hunt and collect trophies. Seidl presents viewers with unforgiving portraits of Austrian tourists, as he employs nearly every one of his trademark techniques to highlight the many contradictions behind his subjects’ perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popular imaginings of Tanzania's Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Conservation Area are founded on the idea of wilderness preserved, but this conception of the 'park' is based in colonial-era race-thinking. Rather than simply a colonial-era manifestation of an apparently universal conservationist ideal, Serengeti and Ngorongoro are instead racial projects that embody the historical and ongoing processes of racial formation. The creation of Serengeti and Ngorongoro enabled a racialisation of nature, a process begun by the British and reinscribed via safari ever since. Recognising this racialisation of nature has larger implications for not only the treatment and perception of those in the Global South, the racialised 'other' to the Global North, but also for the realities of white privilege and constructions of whiteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over eighty years, readers have debated whether Margot Macomber kills her husband Francis intentionally or accidentally as he is being charged by a wounded water buffalo during an African safari. The story’s composition history is generally agreed to be between 1934-1936, following Hemingway’s 1933 safari with his wife Pauline. However, a 1930 letter, newly published in The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume 4, presents information about the 6.5 Mannlicher rifle, owned by Hemingway and the weapon used by Margot Macomber in the story that raises additional questions about the tragic ending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo expone los resultados de pruebas de eficiencia en el modo de realizar animaciones/simulaciones en javascript por el grupo de investigación iReal. iReal es un grupo de investigación del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica(TEC), pertenece al programa de eScience del TEC y su área de investigación es la visualización científica. Desde el 2005 han venido desarrollando proyectos de forma ininterrumpida que involucran la visualización científica en distintas áreas de aplicación. En el grupo de investigación iReal se desarrollan muchas animaciones y simulaciones que llevan al límite las capacidades de las computadoras personales, por esta razón se hace necesario que se evalúe en cuál plataforma y con qué herramientas se producen los resultados más fluidos. En este primer artículo se trata de exponer los diferentes tipos de animaciones en javascript y cómo se comportan en cada browser y sistema operativo. Más adelante se tiene planeado realizar un estudio similar sobre algunos lenguajes de programación más usados en el proyecto.

Informační systém Datových schránek je významným informačním systémem státní infrastruktury. Návrhu takové informačního systému je nutné věnovat patřičnou péči i vzhledem k tomu, že pokud by se v návrhu později objevila trhlina, mohla by mít nedozírné následky na všechny uživatele. Trhlina, o které budeme pojednávat, se týká způsobu zasílání některých datových zpráv obsahujících přílohy ve formátu PDF. Některé z těchto příloh nemusí být příjemci používajícími výchozí internetový prohlížeč Safari na operačním systému OS X schopni správně otevřít. Článek tuto situaci analyzuje a dává odpověď na otázku, kdy bude příloha ve formátu PDF otevřena správně a kdy nikoliv.

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ecotourism or sustainable tourism is an effective conservation tool. Recently increasing trends in visitations to protected areas (PAs) in India particularly, tiger reserves (TRs) have been documented. A questionnaire survey was carried out to objectively investigate visitor experience in three high profile tiger reserves (n = 684). Information on the role of nature interpreters, media and infrastructure was collected to assess how they influence tourist activity, aspiration and satisfaction in a PA. Domestic tourist formed majority of the visitor numbers in all three PAs (82.7%). Tourists who visit these PAs chose to have close encounters with large mammals especially tigers. Primary attraction for visitors were wild mammals > tigers > peacefulness > photography > bird watching. Visitors mainly travelled in groups with a family (43-58%). Majority of visitors to PAs were from minor cities situated 200-600 km from a PA. Visitors informed that their primary source of information regarding a PA was word of mouth (hearsay, 35.78%) and newspaper (24%). These sources of information varied significantly across eight other categories and parks. Designing each visit as an interpretive experience and meaningful conservation activity for largely for the domestic visitors as well as gradually increasing international visitors can be encouraged in such PAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Kiswahili, the word safari simply means going on a journey. This article is about journeys begun, aborted and ended by two people with the matching names of Koos Prinsloo. Koos Prinsloo Senior used his handwritten memoir about his journeys and hunting adventures as a symbolic reference to his masculinity and frontiersman status in Kenya at the height of British colonialism. Koos Prinsloo Junior, his Kenyan-born grandson, who left Kenya as a youngster and lived in South Africa, embarks on journeys where his short stories explore, amongst other issues, matters of homosexuality and notions of the father, power and colonial nostalgia. Koos Prinsloo Junior uses excerpts from his grandfather's memoir, descriptive references to his parents' past and present homes, mementos and trophies from the erstwhile British colony to provide a critique on bravado and male inadequacy. Using Veracini's outline of circular and linear colonial narratives a contextual and historical background on Koos Prinsloo's grandfather's memoir and his hunting tales is provided by briefly examining settler life-writing from Kenya, the hunting safari and ideas of homecoming. Before turning to Prinsloo Junior's relevant short stories and examining his attempts to debunk ideas of colonial masculinity, patriarchy, nostalgia, and loss, the notion of going home, not feeling quite at home and homesickness are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines Ernest Hemingway's recollections of the airplane crashes and rescues during his second African safari in articles for Look magazine. These articles present a man in denial concerning the physical and psychological effects of his injuries. The essay analyzes Hemingway's accounts of the story and compares them a version obtained in an interview with Gino Abreo, son of the man who rescued the Hemingways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As British imperialists in Kenya were fighting the Mau Mau movement for black independence in the early 1950's, two American novelist/journalists moved into this conflicted space between the two sides and redefined events in their own way for an American readership. Earnest Hemingway and Robert Ruark restructured the imperial conflict in terms that fitted white American fears of black power at home as well as the threats of the cold war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildlife tourism from developed nations generates a previously unidentified economic counterflow, derived from the economic value of tourist mental health gains transferred back to countries of origin post-vacation. For eastern and southern Africa, this counterflow is estimated at ∼ US$100 billion per annum. That is ∼2.5 times larger than total in-country tourism expenditure in the destination nations, and also ∼2.5 times larger than all development aid they receive. Post-COVID recovery of tourism, mental health, conservation and community programs in developing nations, and the economies of both developing and developed nations can all benefit from reinvigoration of international wildlife tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important aspects in selling tourism products is to provide tourists with a memorable experience. In the case of South Africa, most of the tourism product offerings are nature or wildlife based, with South African National Parks as one of the biggest contributors to the wildlife tourism product offering. The two most preferred methods to engage with wildlife is self-drive game viewing and making use of operators in safari vehicles for guided game viewing. The purpose of this article is therefore to determine which factors determine a memorable game viewing experience in each of the abovementioned options, namely self-drive and guided viewing. A quantitative research method was used by means of a web-based survey. The survey was posted on the official website of South African National Parks. A total of 387 usable questionnaires were received back during this time frame. The results indicated that wildlife ambiance and interpretation are fundamental in having a memorable game viewing experience for self-drive game viewing and guided game viewing in safari vehicles, respectively. This article makes two main contributions to the current literature: Firstly, it has found that national park management do have limited control over some factors (for example species variety, species numbers and infrastructure) which require good management in order to provide tourists with a memorable experience; and secondly, it is the first time that memorable wildlife experience has been determined concerning landbased wildlife and within South African National Parks.

The safari arrived in Australia in the 1950s. Promising luxury and excitement the Australian safari deliberately drew on African precedents to create an instantly recognisable hunting experience. Hunters came from southern Australia and overseas to hunt crocodiles in northern Queensland, and, later, the Northern Territory. But despite its glamour and contemporary public profile the presence of the safari in tropical Australia has been overlooked by historians although its development reveals the way in which Australians (and international big game hunters) imagined the tropical north. The safari’s establishment in Australia created an alluring, exciting and exotic vision of the north. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen ¿Quién no está harto ya de oír cómo está el mercado laboral? Nos bombardean con un ruido de fondo incesante, como si graduarnos no fuese suficiente reto. Bueno, ¿y qué? Un grupo de estudiantes de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSIDI-UPM) nos hemos unido y hemos creado nuestra propia Junior Empresa, un modelo empresarial diferente, innovador, que nos permite revertir todos los beneficios en aprendizaje. ¿Quién ha dicho que tengamos que dejarnos vencer por un sistema laboral obsoleto? Abstract Are you tired of hearing how difficult it is to get a job? They are filling our minds with a non-stop background noise, as if getting a degree was an insufficient challenge. So what? Well, some students from the Superior Technical School of Engineering and Industrial Design from the Technical University of Madrid (ETSIDIUPM) have come together and created our own Junior Enterprise, a different business model, an innovative canvas, which allows us to transform all the benefits into learning. Who said our destiny is being crushed by an obsolete labour market?

Retrograde access techniques involve the addition of a retrograde access into the distal target vessel to aid in recanalization of chronic total occlusions. Many patients with critical limb ischemia are also poor surgical candidates because of comorbidities or lack of suitable landing zone for bypass procedures. This approach may be helpful in the setting of chronic occlusions that cannot be crossed via conventional antegrade true-lumen approaches. Subintimal arterial flossing with antegrade-retrograde intervention technique can be used when the occlusion was crossed in the subintimal plane and antegrade re-entry techniques failed. It may also be useful for flush superficial femoral artery occlusions or those lesions that extend into the trifurcation vessels. Proficiency in these techniques allows limb salvage in patients who lack surgical options and would otherwise undergo amputation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently we have reported on the effects of magnetic field on our low noise (NEP = 4 $$\times 10^{-19}$$ W/ $$\surd $$ Hz) [] TiAu TES bolometers that are being developed at SRON for the SAFARI FIR Imaging Spectrometer on SPICA telescope that will be operated in three different wavelength bands: S-band for 30-60 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$ , M-band for 60-110 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$ and L-band for 110-210 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$ . The arrays for the S- and M- band will be based on TiAu TES bolometer arrays, developed by SRON. The L-band array will be based on a MoAu TES bolometer developed by University of Cambridge. We have investigated the effect of the magnetic field on the current, responsivity, speed and critical current for both the TiAu and MoAu TES bolometers in our high accuracy magnetic field set-up. A clear difference in weak link behavior is observed between the two types of TES bolometers in both strength of the effect and period of the oscillations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]