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Highly sensitive method for separation and determination of micro amount of oxyanion for Mo(VI), W(VI), and Mn(VII) was performed. It has been done after formation of ion pair association complexes with Safranin as complexing agent including joint cloud point extraction with liquid ion exchange methods in the presence of non-ionic surfactant Triton X–100. The study is based on the values of wavelength of maximum absorbance, λmax= 536, 533, and 534nm respectively. Optimal conditions have been pinpointed high extraction efficiency needed for HCl concentration (1.0, 1.0 and 0.6) M respectively in the presence of 50µg metal ions in 10mL aqueous solutions. Besides, the stoichiometry of probable extracted structure of ion pair complexes was1:1:1 for all extracted complex, in addition to other effective parameters on extraction efficiency in this study.

Extracted Cd(II) as (CdCl3-) and (CdCl42-) from HCl media after preparing ion pair complexes according to liquid ion exchange method by using DB18C6 after changing to liquid ion exchanger K-Crown+; Cl-, spectrophotometric studies showed that the extracted ion pair complex had a wave length for maximum absorbance of λmax=277nm. Limitations to the study include optimum conditions for extraction in this study show a need for 0.3M HCl, to be present 50µg for Cd(II), in addition to study extracted complex structure by Slope ratio method, the result appear more probable structure of extracted complex [K DB18C6]+;HCdCl4- and [K-DB18C6]+; CdCl3-. This method applied to spectrophotometric determination of Cd(II) in different sample and compare the results with atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Background: Bronchial asthma (BrA), recognized lately as an umbrella, covers various subtypes rather than only one disease. Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways, in which cytokines could play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Hence, labors to progress noninvasive markers for asthma had centered through this era. Presently, the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin levels are emerging analytical biomarkers in this field. FeNO is a noninvasive and practical tool even in mild asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of serum IL-1β and CRP together with fractional exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis of adult bronchial asthma. Method: The study was a case control, including 150-patients and 100-healthy controls. FeNO tests, measurements of plasma levels IL-1β and HS-CRP had undertaken for all the participants. The statistical data had examined by SPSS (V/27) for Windows. Descriptive data of the variables had compatibly used. A significance lower than or identical to 0.05 had intended. ROC curve examination of FeNO tests, IL-1β, and HS-CRP, to predict asthma from healthy control had applied. Results: there was a significant difference in the FeNo test, HS-CRP levels, and BMI, while no significant difference in all other variables between the groups. The FeNo results correlate positively, though not significantly, with the levels of IL-1β in asthmatic patients (> 0.05). There was a nonsignificant negative correlation between the FeNo results with the level of HSCRP. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the IL-1β to distinguish asthma were 68.6% and 58% at 95% CI [0.41-0.745], respectively, which was not significant (p>0.05). However, ROC analysis of HS-CRP revealed predictability for asthma patients (p-0.000), with higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity: 89.9%, and 68.1% at 95% CI [0.820-0.979], respectively. The FeNo tests revealed highly significant (0.000), high sensitivity, and specific (91% for both) with high 95% CI [0.938-1.000] predictability for asthma. Conclusion: The utility of circulating HS-CRP is more valuable than IL-1β when combined with fractional exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis of asthma. Novel biomarkers could improve the precision of this field.

The proposed model for getting the score matching of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence is introduced; the Neuro-Fuzzy procedure is the strategy actualized in this paper; it is used the collection of biological information of the DNA sequence performing with global and local calculations so as to advance the ideal arrangement; we utilize the pairwise DNA sequence alignment to gauge the score of the likeness, which depend on information gathering from the pairwise DNA series to be embedded into the implicit framework; an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model is reasonable for foreseeing the matching score through the preparation and testing in neural system and the induction fuzzy system in fuzzy logic that accomplishes the outcome in elite execution.

Extracted Mg(II) and Ca(II) each one alone after combined with EDTA (H3Y-) as (MgHY-) and (CaHY-) after preparing ion pair complexes according to liquid ion exchange method by using Cinchonine (CK) after changing to liquid ion exchanger HCK+;Cl- in HCl medium, spectrophotometric studies showed that the ion pair magnesium complex HCK+; MgHY- had a wave length for maximum absorbance of λmax=241 nm, but the maximum absorbance for calcium HCK+; CaHY- was λmax=278 nm to determine the remaining quantity of Mg(II), the Eriochrome black T method was used, but for Ca(II) the crown ether DB18C6 method was used as new spectrophotometric method. Limitations to the study include optimum conditions for extraction ions in this study show a need for 1 M HCl for Mg(II) and 0.8 M HCl for Ca(II), to be present 100 μg for each ion, 0.08 M Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for Mg(II) and 1.0 M EDTA for Ca(II), 1 × 10-4 M CK, after shaking for 10 min. Thermodynamic study shows ΔHex=0.058 k.J.mol-1, ΔGex =-47.28 k.J.mol-1, ΔSex=158.86 J.mol-1.K-1 for Mg(II) and for Ca(II) was ΔHex=0.0892 k.J.mol-1, ΔGex=-54.66 k.J.mol-1, ΔSex=180.69 J.mol-1.K-1.

Background: Ionizing radiations are hazardous agents in the workplace, since all forms of ionizing radiation produce some type of injury that is incurable. Therefore, protection against ionizing radiation exposure can play an important role in the health of workers.Objectives: is to evaluate the application of radiation protection among radiation workers at X-ray department in Erbil hospitals.Patients and methods: Six hospitals (General and Private) were visited. Samples of 110 were randomly selected among 135 radiation workers, 47 (42.3%) female and 63 (57.3%) male Data was collected through structured questionnaires. The surveyed data was coded and analyzed by using MS Excel software, and SPSS 18 for analysis. Analysis was performed by means of frequency distributions and cross tabulations.Results: The results showed that there are majority of the workers 51 (46.4%) aged between 21 - 30 years, and Diploma holders 68 (61.8%). Only 49 (44.5%) undergone primary examination while 47 (42.7%) never done periodical examination. According to international commotion of radiation protection regulation of radiation protection, it is mandatory for radiation workers to wear personal detective devices during work. But a large numbers 89 (80.9%) have not supplied with such devices. The study also revealed that the majority of workers were engaged in work beyond 40 hours per week. Calibration of the X-rays machine and radiation survey of the work place have not been regularly done. Only 30 of the sample have no awareness and knowledge about the ionizing radiation, while 95 (86.4%) have no healthy advice.Conclusion: It can be suggested that the level of workers education must be increased and short courses be implemented such as dosimetery and radiation protection performance.

This paper presented the issues of true representation and a reliable measure for analyzing the DNA base calling is provided. The method implemented dealt with the data set quality in analyzing DNA sequencing, it is investigating solution of the problem of using Neurofuzzy techniques for predicting the confidence value for each base in DNA base calling regarding collecting the data for each base in DNA, and the simulation model of designing the ANFIS contains three subsystems and main system; obtain the three features from the subsystems and in the main system and use the three features to predict the confidence value for each base. This is achieving effective results with high performance in employment.

The paper proposes an efficient approach applied in DNA base calling, which concerns efficiency and sensitivity. We utilized the Neuro-Fuzzy model in the analysis issues to determine the confidence value prediction in DNA base calling, that is solved by several attempts applied in the MATLAB tool, the model is implemented for the collected data for each base in the DNA sequencing. The model is designed by using the ANFIS tool, which contains three subsystems a main system. We obtain three features (peakness, height, and spacing) for each base from the three subsystems and in the main system use these three features as the input to predict the confidence value for each base in the DNA. This achieves a high accuracy in the obtained results with high-performance.