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Abstract This study presents a significant advancement in tandem dye-sensitized solar cells (T-DSSCs) through the strategic synthesis of novel triazatruxene (TAT) sensitizers MS-1 and MS-2. These organic sensitizers demonstrate exceptional light-harvesting capacity and overall performance, pushing the boundaries of power conversion efficiency (PCE) in DSSCs. The MS-1-based DSSCs achieved an impressive PCE of 12.81%, while MS-2 sensitizers reached a notable 10.92%. These efficiencies represent significant improvements over the conventional N719 dye (7.60%), demonstrating the potential of metal-free organic sensitizers in DSSC technology. The key to these noteworthy results lies in the molecular design of the organic sensitizers. The triazatruxene donor segment in the MS-1 and MS-2 dyes, featuring a rigid structure and efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), proved to be a game-changer for photovoltaic properties. Building on these results, we explored an innovative parallel tandem cell (PT-DSSC) configuration. By connecting separate cells containing N719 and MS-1 sensitizers, we achieved a record efficiency of 12.89% with enhanced short-circuit current density (J SC ) and open-circuit voltage (V OC )compared to single-dye cells. This study highlights the potential of molecular engineering in organic sensitizers and device optimization to enhance DSSC performance, paving the way for further advancements in solar cell technology.

Abstract Flavonoids, including fisetin, have been linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and have potential therapeutic applications for the condition. Fisetin, a natural flavonoid found in various fruits and vegetables, has shown promise in managing CRC due to its diverse biological activities. It has been found to influence key cell signaling pathways related to inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and transcription factors. The results of this study demonstrate that fisetin induces colon cancer cell apoptosis through multiple mechanisms. It impacts the p53 pathway, leading to increased levels of p53 and decreased levels of murine double minute 2, contributing to apoptosis induction. Fisetin also triggers the release of important components in the apoptotic process, such as second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis‐binding protein with low pI and cytochrome c. Furthermore, fisetin inhibits the cyclooxygenase‐2 and wingless‐related integration site (Wnt)/epidermal growth factor receptor/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways, reducing Wnt target gene expression and hindering colony formation. It achieves this by regulating the activities of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, reducing retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, decreasing cyclin E levels, and increasing p21 levels, ultimately influencing E2 promoter binding factor 1 and cell division cycle 2 (CDC2) protein levels. Additionally, fisetin exhibits various effects on CRC cells, including inhibiting the phosphorylation of Y‐box binding protein 1 and ribosomal S6 kinase, promoting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, and disrupting the repair process of DNA double‐strand breaks. Moreover, fisetin serves as an adjunct therapy for the prevention and treatment of phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA)‐mutant CRC, resulting in a reduction in phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K) expression, Ak strain transforming phosphorylation, mTOR activity, and downstream target proteins in CRC cells with a PIK3CA mutation. These findings highlight the multifaceted potential of fisetin in managing CRC and position it as a promising candidate for future therapy development.

Abstract Navigation is essential for moving between locations in our daily lives. We investigated the relationship between visual impairment in glaucoma and path-integration-based navigation. Fourteen glaucoma and 15 controls underwent ophthalmological examination (including visual acuity (logMAR), visual field sensitivity (MD: mean deviation from matched reference cohort), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL)). Both groups navigated physically in virtual reality (VR) environments during daylight and dawn conditions. Briefly, the participants traversed a path marked by three targets, subsequently pointing back to the path’s origin. Outcome measures included (i) travel-time, (ii) pointing-time, and (iii) Euclidian-distance error between indicated and starting position. Robust linear regression was conducted between visual function outcomes of the better eye and VR outcome measures. Glaucoma patients showed increase in travel-time (by 8.2 ± 1.7 s; p = 0.002) and in pointing-time (by 5.3 ± 1.6 s; p = 0.016). Predictors were MD for all outcome measures (p

BACKGROUND: Despite prolonged life expectancy in patients with beta-thalassemia due to modern chelation therapy and planned blood transfusions, they still suffer from multisystem complications of this chronic hemolytic anemia, including endocrine system dysfunction. Under-recognized parathyroid hormone (PTH) dysfunction in these patients can manifest as bone pain and fractures. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate PTH in patients with beta-thalassemia >10 years of age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 76 randomly selected patients >10 years old with beta-thalassemia (including both thalassemia major and thalassemia intermedia) in the Al-Kut Hereditary Blood Disease Center in Wasit province, Iraq. The study covered the period from November 2021 to April 2022. Data were collected from patients’ files after written consent, including sex, age, ferritin level, mean hemoglobin level, type of chelation therapy, frequency of transfusion, mean calcium level, and whether the patients were splenectomized or not. RESULTS: Of the 76 patients enrolled in the study, 39 (51.3%) were males. There were 63 (82.9%) who had thalassemia major. The majority of cases (n = 55, 71%) were from the age group >15 years. Fifteen (19.7%) patients had low PTH levels. The age group >15 years had a higher frequency of having low PTH levels (P = 0.01 and Pearson factor - 0.29). The study found a positive correlation between low calcium and low PTH levels (P = 0.001, Pearson factor = 0.1). High ferritin levels had no significant correlation with PTH levels (P = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Beta-thalassemia patients can have a low PTH level. It can occur more often in patients >15 years old, which necessitates close monitoring for older thalassemia patients. A declining calcium level in these patients can correlate with a low PTH level.

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, neurodegenerative disease with devastating, disabling, and negative impacts on the patients’ quality of life (QoL). Although MS was not known in Sudan, it seems to be rising in recent years. This is a cross-sectional, hospital-based study aimed at assessing the impact of MS medications on patients’ QoL in neurology clinics in Khartoum City. Sixty-four patients diagnosed with MS were recruited. SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the patients’ QoL. Data were collected from patients’ records in addition to the hand-delivered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test and logistic regression; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The majority of patients were females from north Sudan (92.2%). The mean age was 28.2 ± 6.5. Relapsing–remitting was the most diagnosed MS type (65.6%). Fatigue and urinary incontinence were the most observed symptoms. All patients had vitamin D deficiency (5–20 ng/ml). Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) were prescribed to 37.5% of patients. The overall mean QoL was 53.9 ± 14.7 with fair physical and mental health (51.8 ± 19.2 and 57.0 ± 10.9, respectively). Patients on DMTs showed a significantly good QoL compared to azathioprine (p ≤ 0.01), corticosteroids (p ≤ 0.01.), and no medications (p ≤ 001). Azathioprine (OR = 0.12; p ≤ 0.05), corticosteroids (OR = 0.14; p ≤ 0.05) and no treatment (OR = 0.01; p ≤ 0.001) negatively affected MS patients’ QoL when compared to DMTs. Vitamin D supplementation was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) associated with good QoL. Conclusions MS was prominent in young females’ descendants of Sudanese northern tribes. DMTs improve the devastating effect of MS on patients’ QoL, and vitamin D supplementation was significantly associated with good QoL of MS patients.

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative age-related disease that primarily affects the elderly population leading to progressive memory impairments and neural deficits. It is counted as a major cause of geriatric dependency and disability. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease incidence is complex and involves various hypotheses, including the cholinergic hypothesis, deposition of β-amyloid plaques, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Conventional treatments such as donepezil aim to delay the symptoms but do not affect the progression of the disease and may cause serious side effects like hepatoxicity. The use of natural candidates for Alzheimer’s disease treatment has drawn the attention of many researchers as it offers a multitargeted approach. Methods This current study investigates the metabolic profiles of total defatted methanolic extract of Vitex pubescens bark and its polar fractions, viz. ethyl acetate and n-butanol, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS/MS) technique as well as evaluate the antioxidant using free radical scavenging assays, viz. DPPH and ABTS assays and in-vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities using Ellman’s microplate assay. Results Metabolic profiling revealed a total of 71, 43, and 55 metabolites tentatively identified in the defatted methanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions, respectively. Phenolic acids were the most abundant class, viz. benzoic acids, and acyl quinic acid derivatives followed by flavonoids exemplified mainly by luteolin-C-glycosides and apigenin-C-glycosides. Quantification of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the total defatted methanolic extract confirmed its enrichment with phenolics and flavonoids equivalent to 138.61 ± 9.39 µg gallic acid/mg extract and 119.63 ± 4.62 µg rutin/mg extract, respectively. Moreover, the total defatted methanolic extract exhibited promising antioxidant activity confirmed through DPPH and ABTS assays with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value equivalent to 52.79 ± 2.16 µg/mL and 10.02 ± µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activity of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) was assessed using in-vitro Ellman’s colorimetric assay, the total defatted methanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions exhibited IC50 values of 52.9, 15.1 and 108.8 µg/mL that they proved the significant inhibition of AchE activity. Conclusion The results obtained herein unraveled the potential use of the total methanolic extract of Vitex pubescens bark and its polar fractions as natural candidates for controlling Alzheimer’s disease progression.

هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى فحص مستوى المهارات اللغوية، والكفاءة الاجتماعية لدى الأطفال ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد البسيط في مرحلة ما قبل المدرسة، وهدفت الدراسة إلى فحص مستوى المهارات اللغوية والكفاءة الاجتماعية من خلال الأخذ بمتغيرات جنس الطفل، والمستوى التعليمي لولي الأمر، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (48) من الأطفال ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد البسيط في مرحلة ما قبل المدرسة من مختلف الجنسين للأعمار من (3-6) سنوات. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة قام الباحث بتطوير مقياسي المهارات اللغوية، والكفاءة الاجتماعية، يقوم أولياء أمور الأطفال بالإجابة عليهما؛ وقد تم التأكد من دلالات الصدق والثبات لمقياسي الدراسة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنّ مستوى كلّا من المهارات اللغوية والكفاءة الاجتماعية لدى الأطفال ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد جاءت بدرجة متوسطة، وأظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى المهارات اللغوية تعزي لمتغير جنس الطفل وكانت لصالح الإناث، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في المهارات اللغوية تعزى للمستوى التعليمي لولي الأمر. كما وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق دالّة إحصائيًا في مستوى الكفاءة الاجتماعية تعزى للمستوى التعليمي لولي الأمر وكان لصالح بكالوريوس والدراسات العليا، وعدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا في مستوى الكفاءة الاجتماعية تعزى لمتغير المستوى الجنس.

Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (IOPN) are rare cystic pancreatic neoplasms marked by oncocytic cells and intricate papillary structures. While typically slow-growing, approximately one-third of IOPN cases are associated with invasive adenocarcinoma. In this report, we present an extremely rare case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising in the background of IOPN. A 74-year-old man underwent a central pancreatectomy due to an incidentally discovered cystic mass in the pancreatic body. Histological examination revealed IOPN with regions of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Next-generation sequencing identified the characteristic ATP1B1::PRKACA fusion in both the IOPN and squamous cell carcinoma components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented instance of invasive squamous cell carcinoma originating from an IOPN.

BACKGROUND: Infectious complications occur in most of the patients undergoing hemopietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), these carry high risk of mortality mainly due to Gram-negative bacteria unless effective antibiotic treatment is provided. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to review bacterial isolates from different samples in febrile neutropenic patients underwent HSCT in terms of incidence, types, and antimicrobial resistance, and to assess the efficacy of infection control measures used in transplantation ward. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is retrospective study. The medical records of a total of 82 patients who underwent HSCT in the Specialized BMT Center, Baghdad Medical City, in 2021 and 2022 were reviewed; for any patient with neutropenic fever (NF), the clinical assessment was made, and samples were taken for culture any sensitivity before starting empirical antibiotics. The study was reviewed by the ethical committee of the hematology transplant center in the Medical City Complex, and since the study is retrospective, no consent is needed from the patient. RESULTS: There were 57 patients who developed NF, two at the time of collection, while 55 patients during transplant. In 16 patients, there was a clinical focus for NF, most commonly respiratory. From 175 samples sent for culture and sensitivity, bacterial growth was detected in 103 samples, and the incidence of bloodstream infection was 53%. Polymicrbial bacterial growth was detected in 6 patients with NF. Gram-positive bacteria were slightly more common than Gram negative. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Burkholderia cepacia were the most common Gram positive and Gram negative, respectively. An increasing number of patients admitted to transplant centers were associated with more infections. Ten out of 13 bacteria were multidrug resistant (MDR). Only two patients died from infection posttransplant. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of Gram-positive cocci and Burkholderia cepacia complex supported the need to review the adherence to infection control policy. The empirical antibiotic protocol should be guided by local antibiogram, and since the high rate of blood stream infection (BSI) with MDR pathogens, a de-escalating strategy utilizing carbapenems – as advised by the ECIL-4 guidelines – would be more appropriate while awaiting culture result. The ability to quickly identify infections and their susceptibility profile is still crucial for choosing antibiotic therapy.

Abstract Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are lymphoid organs present in inflammatory non-lymphoid tissues. Studies have linked TLS to favorable outcomes for patients with cancers or infectious diseases, but the mechanisms underlying their formation are not fully understood. In particular, secondary lymphoid organs innervation raises the question of sympathetic nerve fibers involvement in TLS organogenesis. We established a model of pulmonary inflammation based on 5 daily intranasal instillations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in immunocompetent mice. In this setting, lung lymphoid aggregates formed transiently, evolving toward mature TLS and disappearing when inflammation resolved. Sympathetic nerve fibers were then depleted using 6-hydroxydopamine. TLS quantification by immunohistochemistry showed a decrease in LPS-induced TLS number and surface in denervated mouse lungs. Although a reduction in alveolar space was observed, it did not impair overall pulmonary content of transcripts encoding TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ inflammation molecules whose expression was induced by LPS instillations. Immunofluorescence analysis of immune infiltrates in lungs of LPS-treated mice showed a drop in the proportion of CD23+ naive cells among CD19+ B220+ B cells in denervated mice whereas the proportion of other cell subsets remained unchanged. These data support the existence of neuroimmune crosstalk impacting lung TLS neogenesis and local naive B cell pool.

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) imply chronic intestinal inflammation with both local and systemic manifestations. Cognition is a lifelong process of learning and memory processing, which has been identified to be affected by chronic systemic illnesses. Aim To evaluate the cognitive functions in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in remission Patients and methods Inclusion criteria are as follows: 70 IBD patients in remission and a group of 50 healthy control. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used for assessment of global cognitive function and Trail Making Test (TMT) for assessment of executive functions. TMT consists of part A which measures attention and performance speed and part B which measures mental flexibility. Both tests have been previously validated on Arabic-speaking populations. Results The study included 70 patients (50 UC and 20 CD), who have been in remission for 21 ± 9 months. Of the included cases, about 51 were already on steroids ± azathioprine, and 19 patients were on biologics. Males represented 60% (n = 42) while females 40% (n = 28), and their mean age was 34 ± 8 years. Both cases and controls were matched for age and sex. The mean score of MMSE among IBD cases was significantly worse than controls (28.5 ± 3 versus 30, P < 0.001). Also, the duration of TMT parts A and B was significantly longer in cases than controls. The cases group scored 32 ± 19.5 s in TMT part A, versus 23 s by the controls. In TMT B, the recorded scores were 255 ± 48, versus 234 s in cases and control groups respectively (P < 0.001). In the cases group, 6 patients (8%) had below normal MMSE score of less than 24, with mild (3 patients, mean score was 21) to moderate cognitive impairment (3 patients, mean score was 15). The presence of extraintestinal manifestation was the only disease-related factor that was associated with cognitive impairment. Of the patient-related factor: older age, being divorced, and living in rural areas were associated with poorer cognitive functions. Conclusion IBD patients potentially suffer from cognitive impairment. In our study, factors as extraintestinal complications, older age, marital status, and residence in rural areas could be contributing factors to this impairment.

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major public health burden worldwide with increasing morbidity and mortality. The study evaluates the risk factors associated with mortality in SCD patients, between the years 2006 and 2020 at three hospitals in Oman. The analysis includes clinical manifestations, haematological, biochemical, and radiological parameters, use of antibiotics, and blood and exchange transfusions. Our cohort included 123 patients (82 males, 41 females), with a median age of 27 (Interquartile Range 21–35 years). SCD related complications included acute chest syndrome (ACS) in 52.8%, splenic sequestration in 21.1%, right upper quadrant syndrome in 19.5%, more than > 6 VOC/year in 17.9%, and stroke in 13.8%. At the terminal admission, patients had cough, reduced O2 saturation, crepitation and fever in 24.4%, 49.6%, 53.6% and 68.3% respectively. Abnormal chest X-ray and chest CT scan were seen in 57.7%, and 76.4% respectively. Laboratory parameters showed a significant drop in hemoglobin (Hb) and platelet counts from baseline, with a significant rise in WBC, LDH and CRP from baseline (p

Abstract Background and Objective The most frequently seen intra-oral soft tissue is the gingiva. Most often, it is seen as coral-pink tissue that surrounds the neck of the teeth. Gingiva that encircles the tooth necks and covers the alveolar processes of the jaws is an intra-oral tissue that exhibits biomimetic features. The wide range of colors of the gingiva depends on the configuration of gingival vascularity, the degree of epithelial cornification, level of melanogenesis, and the depth of epithelialization. However, the color of the gingiva varies depending on the degree of melanin pigmentation. The current study aimed to identify the different distribution patterns of gingival color and determine the correlation between skin color, gender, and geographical area of origin. Materials and methods A total of 839 subjects were involved in the study where the gingival color and skin tone were measured using the Dummett-Gupta Oral pigmentation Index (DOPI) combined with VITA VMK MASTER and skin shade method developed by Revlon (USA) and L’Oreal (France) for makeup foundation shades. One investigator was calibrated for the examination of the colors after being tested for normal color vision and color aptitude using the line test. Results A significant association was found between skin color and gingival pigmentation (χ2 value (6) = 114.48; P = 0.001). It was also found that females (67.1%) significantly had darker gingiva than males (58.3%). The study statistics display that location of the individual was also statistically associated with melanin pigmentation of the gingiva (χ2 value (57) = 559.33; P = 0.001). Conclusion The study concluded that gender, skin color, and individual location are significantly associated with gingival melanin pigmentation.

Abstract Dandruff, a common scalp disorder characterized by flaking dead skin, is often treated with conventional topical products. However, limitations exist due to potential side effects and high costs. Therefore, searching for natural, cost-effective solutions for dandruff and hair loss is crucial. Rosemary herb and neem tree, both cultivated in Egypt, possess well-documented anti-inflammatory properties derived from their rich phenolic phytoconstituents. This study formulated a standardized combined extract of rosemary and neem (RN-E 2:1) into hair gel and leave-in tonic formats. This extract demonstrated superior efficacy against Malassezia furfur (a causative agent of dandruff) and Trichophyton rubrum (associated with scalp disorders) compared to the conventional antifungal agent, ketoconazole. The combined extract (RN-E 2:1) also exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the suppression of iNOS expression is considered concentration-dependent. Quality control verified formulation stability, and ex-vivo studies confirmed effective ingredient penetration into the epidermis, the primary site of fungal presence. Remarkably, both formulations outperformed the standard treatment, minoxidil in hair growth trials. These findings highlight the potential of natural extracts for scalp and hair health.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of brain metastasis (BM). Little is known about immune checkpoint inhibitor activity in the central nervous system, especially in patients receiving monotherapy for tumors with a tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50%. This noninterventional, retrospective, multicenter study, conducted with the GFPC, included treatment-naïve patients strongly positive for PD-L1 (TPS ≥ 50%) with BM receiving first-line single-agent pembrolizumab treatment between May 2017 and November 2019. The primary endpoints were centrally reviewed intracranial overall response rates (ORRs), centrally reviewed intracranial progression-free survival (cPFS), extracranial PFS, and overall survival were secondary endpoints. Forty-three patients from five centers were included. Surgical or local radiation therapy was administered to 31 (72%) patients, mostly before initiating ICI therapy (25/31). Among 38/43 (88.4%) evaluable patients, the intracranial ORR was 73%. The median PFS was 8.3 months. The cerebral and extracerebral median PFS times were 9.2 and 5.3 months, respectively. The median OS was 25.5 months. According to multivariate analysis, BM surgery before ICI therapy was the only factor significantly associated with both improved PFS (HR = 0.44) and OS (HR = 0.45). This study revealed the feasibility and outcome of front-line pembrolizumab treatment in this population with BM.

Abstract Background Mental health literacy (MHL) and help-seeking behaviors are pivotal in managing mental well-being, especially among Egyptian undergraduates. Despite the importance and prevalent psychological distress in this group, limited research has addressed MHL and associated behaviors in Egypt. This study aimed to assess the levels of MHL and help-seeking behavior among Egyptian university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted across ten Egyptian universities during the academic year 2022–2023. A convenience sample of 1740 students was obtained through online questionnaires distributed via social media platforms. The survey comprised demographic characteristics, the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), and the General Help Seeking Behavior Questionnaire (GHSPQ). Results Among 1740 Egyptian undergraduates, medical students scored higher in recognizing disorders (p

Abstract Novel nanocomposite sorbent was produced by depositing nanostructured water treatment residual (nWTR) onto zeolite (Ze) using high-energy ball milling process. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposite (Ze-nWTR) prior and after Cd adsorption were analyzed by SEM–EDX, FTIR, BET and XRD. A batch study of cadmium adsorption (Ze-nWTR) was performed at various process parameters (sorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, competing ions, initial concentration and temperature). The obtained data were fitted to various equilibrium and kinetics models. The Langmuir and power function models successfully described Cd adsorption equilibrium and kinetic processes, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity (q max) value of Cd by Ze-nWTR nanocomposite (147 mgg−1) was 3 and 5.9 times higher than those of nWTR and zeolite sorbents, respectively. Increasing temperature from 287 to 307 K has resulted in increasing the maximum Cd adsorption capacity (q max) of the nanocomposite from 147.9 to 270 mgg−1. The calculated thermodynamics parameters suggested physical and chemical attraction between Cd and Ze-nWTR and the association of dissociative mechanism in Cd(II) sorption process. The excellent reusability and Cd removal ability of Ze-nWTR nanocomposite (98%) from industrial wastewater confirm its potential as promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications.

This study was performed to analyze the light from a psychological point of view and explore how different types of light affect the emotions and performance of students of the College of Fine Arts and Design (CFAD) when illuminance and color temperature were changed. With deep interest in the feature of lighting environments, that effectively increase positive moods and the quality of drawings produced by students. The techniques used for evaluation were field survey, and simulation lighting measurement tool (light meter). The experimental conditions consist of two types of artificial light and daylight. Participants rated their emotions of the lighting environment and draw to test their performance on each condition. The findings showed that students who participated felt more relaxed and more pleasant and performed better in fluorescent artificial light and all artificial lights with natural light conditions. A DIALux evo simulation was used for the comparison study. Finally, some guidelines were highlighted to provide a suitable lighting environment for higher-quality drawings by fine arts and design students.

AbstractBackground The Directly Observed Treatment-Short Course (DOTS) Programme was implemented by WHO and includes a combination of four anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin) for a period of six months to eradicate the TB infection completely. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as one of a strong contributor of TB according to World Health Organization (WHO). The presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM type 2) makes TB treatment complicated. Thus, the objective of the current meta-analysis was to identify and quantify the impact of type 2 DM on treatment outcomes of TB patients treated under the DOTS Programme.Methods This meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Through a systematic review of relevant literature, we focused on studies investigating treatment outcomes including extended treatment duration and recurrence for individuals with both TB and DM undergoing DOTS therapy. The extracted information included study designs, sample sizes, patient characteristics and reported treatment results.Results In 44 studies from different parts of the world, the pooled HR for the impact of DM on extended treatment duration and reoccurrence were HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.83, p

IntroductionCandida species, opportunistic yeast, are the second most common cause of female vulvovaginal candidiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated Candida species in pregnant women in Hajjah governorate, Yemen.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 pregnant women attending Authority AL-Gumhorri Hospital Hajjah between February and July 2023. Vaginal swabs were collected, and Candida species were isolated and identified based on the standard laboratory method. Furthermore, the antifungal drug susceptibility of Candida species was determined by the Kirby-Bauer technique.Results and discussionThe prevalence of vaginal Candida infection among pregnant women was 61.4%. Candida albicans was the most predominant species (59.26%), followed by Candida krusei(13.58%), Candida Tropicalis (11.12%), Candida Grabata (9.87%), and Candida dubliniensis (6.17%). The highest rate of Candida infections was among women aged 24–30 years (71.9%) who finished primary school (77.8%), with the third trimester (80%), multigravida (66.1%), and recurrent infection (67.7%) showing significant differences (P < 0.05). The Candida albicans isolates were resistant to clotrimazole and itraconazole at 34.7% and 23.6%, respectively.In addition, the resistance of Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, and Candida dublinensis isolates to fluconazole, voriconazole, voriconazole, and nystatin was 57.6%, 63%, 43.8%, and 60%, respectively. Additionally, approximately 46.2% of isolated Candida albicans exhibited one kind of antifungal drug resistance, whereas 38.7% of isolated non-albicans exhibited resistance to three different antifungal agents. According to the above findings, Candida infection is highly prevalent in Yemen and quite widespread. Interventions in health education are advised to increase women’s knowledge of vaginitis and its prevention. The antifungal susceptibility test may also be helpful in determining the best medication for each patient.

Botrytis blossom blight and fruit rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a significant threat to blueberries, potentially resulting in substantial economic losses if not effectively managed. Despite the recommendation of various cultural and chemical practices to control this pathogen, there are widespread reports of fungicide resistance, leading to decreased efficacy. This study aimed to characterize the resistance profile of B. cinerea isolated from blighted blossoms and fruit in 2019, 2020 and 2022 (n = 131, 40, and 37 for the respective years). Eight fungicides (fludioxonil, thiabendazole, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, fluopyram, fenhexamid, iprodione, and cyprodinil) were tested using conidial germination at specific discriminatory doses. Additionally, 86 isolates were phylogenetically characterized using the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the protein coding genes: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2). This revealed higher fungicide resistance frequencies in 2020 and 2022 compared to 2019. Over all 3 years, over 80% of the isolates were sensitive to fludioxonil, fluopyram, and fenhexamid. Pyraclostrobin and boscalid showed the lowest sensitivity frequencies (

A novel series of pyrazole, oxadiazole and thiadiazole bearing Nabumetone moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity against cyclooxygenase enzyme 2, after Insilico assay (by molecular docking study) a best set has been synthesized and characterized. After prediction of their activity by molecular docking study using Cambridge Crystallographic Data Base software tool (GOLD), We tested them in real in vivo as anti-inflammatory agents using egg white procedure. Due to their hydrogen bonding interaction with crucial amino acids in COX-2 isozymes Arg120, Tyr355, and Ser530, all tested compounds in molecular docking demonstrated significant activities compared with diclofenac, naproxen, and 6MNA as reference drugs. The data obtained from docking studies were highly correlated with that obtained from the in vivo assay in which compounds 3c, 6c, and 7c showed the best docking PLP fitness which were 91.35, 89.66, and 92.09 respectively with COX-2. Other compounds 2c, 4c, 5c, 6a, 6b, showed a PLP fitness above 80. The aim of this investigation was to produce novel NSAIDs, based on Nabumetone, that exhibit little or no gastro-toxicity and higher selectivity. This research offered helpful direction for the identification of novel pyrazole and thiadiazole anti-inflammatory compounds.

Purpose - This study aims to examine the effects of Industry 4.0 on talent management. It is observed that resources are allocated and training programs are organised for the transformation of the workforce in the Industry 4.0 process. Design/Methodology - Qualitative research approach was adopted in the study. Using purposive sampling method, 4 different industrial enterprises were analysed. Data collection process was carried out through face-to-face and online interviews. Findings - Organizations prioritize continuous training and fringe benefits in talent management, while employee involvement in social responsibility projects and teamwork enhances internal communication. In the Industry 4.0 era, maintaining organizational balance and providing diverse opportunities to talented employees are crucial. Practical Implications - The study suggests that implementing 28 different practices such as brand equity, collaboration, work-life balance and career opportunities to retain talent can increase awareness of the impact of Industry 4.0 on HR management. Establishing sector-based standards and models can help researchers in Turkey to implement Industry 4.0 and talent management practices.

Flavonoids are natural antioxidants, found in vegetables, fruits, flowers, coffee, tea, wine, and other foodstuffs. They are well known for their health benefits, and various clinical trials have determined that a sufficient intake of flavonoids is related to lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. In addition, flavonoids are of great current interest in regard to sporting activities, in that the intake of these compounds by sportsmen may both shorten their recovery periods and improve their overall health status. In this work, we present results demonstrating the antioxidant, and also prooxidant, properties of the flavonoid, galangin, which is currently under intense investigation as a health supplement. The prooxidant environment has been simulated using Cu-catalyzed-Fenton and Cu-Ascorbate systems. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed that galangin is coordinated to Cu(II) through oxygen donor atoms from both the benzoyl (4-CO/5-OH groups) and the cinnamoyl (3-OH/4-CO) moieties of the molecule; however, the interaction occurs preferentially via the cinnamoyl unit. The radical scavenging activity of galangin and Cu(II)-galangin complexes were studied using the ABTS assay, which confirmed an inhibitory/scavenging activity of the systems studied, but chelation resulted in only a modest increase in activity. Electronic absorption titrations showed that both free galangin and the Cu(II)-galangin complex interact with DNA through hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions. The values evaluated for the binding constants (K) indicate an intermediate binding strength between the given flavonoid systems and DNA. The results from gel electrophoresis have shown that, in the ROS-producing prooxidant systems, galangin provided a concentration-dependent protective effect against DNA damage via both Cu(II)-chelation and ROS-scavenging mechanisms. The ROS scavengers, l-histidine, DMSO, and SOD, confirmed the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and superoxide radical anions (O2•−).

Biomedical image segmentation is a vital task in the analysis of medical imaging, including the detection and delineation of pathological regions or anatomical structures within medical images. It has played a pivotal role in a variety of medical applications, involving diagnoses, monitoring of diseases, and treatment planning. Conventionally, clinicians or expert radiologists have manually conducted biomedical image segmentation, which is prone to human error, subjective, and time-consuming. With the advancement in computer vision and deep learning (DL) algorithms, automated and semi-automated segmentation techniques have attracted much research interest. DL approaches, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNN), have revolutionized biomedical image segmentation. With this motivation, we developed a novel equilibrium optimization algorithm with a deep learning-based biomedical image segmentation (EOADL-BIS) technique. The purpose of the EOADL-BIS technique is to integrate EOA with the Faster RCNN model for an accurate and efficient biomedical image segmentation process. To accomplish this, the EOADL-BIS technique involves Faster R-CNN architecture with ResNeXt as a backbone network for image segmentation. The region proposal network (RPN) proficiently creates a collection of a set of region proposals, which are then fed into the ResNeXt for classification and precise localization. During the training process of the Faster RCNN algorithm, the EOA was utilized to optimize the hyperparameter of the ResNeXt model which increased the segmentation results and reduced the loss function. The experimental outcome of the EOADL-BIS algorithm was tested on distinct benchmark medical image databases. The experimental results stated the greater efficiency of the EOADL-BIS algorithm compared to other DL-based segmentation approaches.

The aim of this research is to study the effect of adding free curcumin and curcumin loaded with betacyclodextrin to laboratory-made yogurt by conducting a set of tests on the final product. Yogurt was prepared using three treatments. The first treatment was a standard yogurt without any additions, while the second treatment involved adding free curcumin (CU) at concentrations similar to the third treatment, which contained curcumin loaded with betacyclodextrin (B-CU) at concentrations of 100 and 200 μg/ml. which involved measuring the protein percentage, moisture percentage, fat percentage, and ash percentage of the samples studied from day one of production until day 28 of refrigerated storage, which were (4.61, 86.62, 5.64, 0.86) respectively. Various physical and rheological tests were conducted, including total acidity, pH, spontaneous whey separation, viscosity value, and water-holding capacity, which were (0.97, 4.61, 3.1, 2680, 72.36) respectively, up to day 28 of refrigerated storage. Microbiological tests were also conducted on the manufactured yogurt under the same conditions, which showed the efficiency of the active compound, whether in its free form or loaded with β-cyclodextrin, as a microbial inhibitor and preventing contamination of the manufactured product. The tests demonstrated the superiority of the B-CU treatment containing 200 mg/ ml of curcumin-loaded β-cyclodextrin over the other treatments. The sensory evaluation was well-received, ranging from (95-77)% from day one of production until day 28 of refrigerated storage.

Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common pediatric problems, but their prevalence in Saudi Arabia is unknown. We aimed to assess the prevalence of FGIDs and risk factors among children in six regions of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study enrolling children aged 0–48 months, attending pediatric clinics. Questionnaires evaluated the clinical history, symptoms, and sociodemographic information. FGIDs were defined according to Rome IV criteria. Results: The study involved 1011 infants and toddlers (mean [standard deviation (SD)] aged, 21.7 [19.4] months; FGIDs and mean [SD] age 17.4 [16.4] months; controls). FGIDs were diagnosed in 483 (47.7%) of all infants and toddlers. The prevalence of FGIDs was significantly higher in children aged 0–12 months than in those aged 13–48 months (P < 0.001). The most common disorders were functional regurgitation (13.8%) in infants and functional constipation (9.6%) in toddlers. Univariate regression analysis confirmed that the rate of FGIDs was higher in term gestational age infants (odds ratio (OR) 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.76–4.17, P < 0.001), in partial breastfeeding (OR 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40–0.84, P = 0.003), in formula feeding (OR 2.25; 95% CI, 1.51–3.35, P < 0.001), and in subjects with no history of food allergy (OR 2.40; 95% CI, 1.58–3.64, P < 0.001). Conclusions: FGIDs are common in Saudi infants and toddlers (47.7%). Regurgitation is most prevalent in infants, and functional constipation is most common in toddlers. Term gestational age infant, partial breastfeeding, formula feeding, and subjects with no history of food allergy are associated with the prevalence of FGIDs.

Background: COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory illness; however, many patients present to hospital without respiratory symptoms. The association between non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19 and outcomes remains unclear. We investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with no respiratory symptoms (NRS) and respiratory symptoms (RS) at hospital admission. Methods: This study describes clinical features, physiological parameters, and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients, stratified by the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms at hospital admission. RS patients had one or more of: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose or wheezing; while NRS patients did not. Results: Of 178,640 patients in the study, 86.4 % presented with RS, while 13.6 % had NRS. NRS patients were older (median age: NRS: 74 vs RS: 65) and less likely to be admitted to the ICU (NRS: 36.7 % vs RS: 37.5 %). NRS patients had a higher crude in-hospital case-fatality ratio (NRS 41.1 % vs. RS 32.0 %), but a lower risk of death after adjusting for confounders (HR 0.88 [0.83–0.93]). Conclusion: Approximately one in seven COVID-19 patients presented at hospital admission without respiratory symptoms. These patients were older, had lower ICU admission rates, and had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for confounders.

Escitalopram is widely prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder with a well-documented side effects profile. Peripheral edema, however, is a rarely reported adverse reaction that warrants further work up. This paper summarizes the case of a 58-year female patient who developed transient bilateral peripheral edema following the administration of low dose escitalopram. This case underscores the necessity for clinicians to be familiar with even rare potential side effects of commonly prescribed medications. It also suggests a need for patient education regarding the importance of reporting new symptoms promptly.

Abstract Rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere are recognized as a threat to atmospheric stability and life. Although this greenhouse gas is being produced on a large scale, there are solutions to reduction and indeed utilization of the gas. Many of these solutions involve costly or unstable technologies, such as air‐sensitive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for CO2 capture or “non‐green” systems such as amine scrubbing. Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) represent a simpler, cheaper, and greener solution to CO2 capture and utilization. They are often easy to synthesize at scale (a one pot reaction in many cases), chemically and thermally stable (especially in comparison with their MOF and covalent organic framework (COF) counterparts, owing to their amorphous nature), and, as a result, cheap to manufacture. Furthermore, their large surface areas, tunable porous frameworks and chemical structures mean they are reported as highly efficient CO2 capture motifs. In addition, they provide a dual pathway to utilize captured CO2 via chemical conversion or electrochemical reduction into industrially valuable products. Recent studies show that all these attractive properties can be realized in metal‐free CMPs, presenting a truly green option. The promising results in these two fields of CMP applications are reviewed and explored here.

Background: While most COVID-19 cases have uncomplicated infection, a small proportion has the potential to develop life-threatening disease, as such development of a prediction tool using patients baseline characteristics at the time of diagnosis should aid in early identification of high-risk groups and devise pertinent management. Hence, we set up this retrospective study to determine preadmission triaging tool to predict the development of severe COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Bahrain Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted from 1 September 2020 to 30 November 2020 with enrolment of all SARS-CoV-2 PCR-confirmed persons aged ≥ 14 years who attended Al-Shamil Field Hospital (SFH) in the Kingdom of Bahrain for triaging and assessment with recording of the following parameters: systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, the alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive neurological score, age, oxygen saturation, comorbidities, Body Mass Index (BMI), duration of symptoms and living with immunocompromised populations to develop our local adjusted MEWS as predictor for ICU admission & for consideration of suitable isolation at home.Follow up data of all patients was obtained from the electronic medical records system including CXR findings, treatments/medications received, need of oxygen supplements /intubation, needs of ICU care, and the outcome (death /discharged alive)IBM SPSS statistic version 21 program was used for data analysis. Results: Our study showed that using the locally developed adjusted MEWS score, there was an significant association between high value of this adjusted MEWS score and abnormal radiographic finding (49.7 % Vs. 17 % for patients with high score Vs. those with low score respectively). Out of the 181 patients with high scores on adjusted MEWS; 38.7 % required oxygen via nasal cannula, 14.4 % required face mask and 8.3 % non-rebreather mask; this proportion was significantly higher than their counterpart patients who score low on adjusted MEWS (20.9 %, 7.7 %, 4.8 %respectively) with statistically significance difference between the two groups (p value of 0.00, 0.00,.004 respectively)Requirement of ICU admission was significantly higher among patients with high score in comparison to those with low score (14.4 % vs. 3 %) with significant p value (0.00)But higher score value was not associated significantly with increase mortality rate among COVID patients. Conclusion: Development of our new Adjusted MEWS score system by adding the additional elements of age, oxygen saturation, comorbidities, Body Mass Index (BMI) and duration of symptoms found to be very useful predictor tool for preadmission triaging of COVID patients based on their risk assessment to help clinician to decide on the appropriate placement to different level of isolation facilities.

Abstract Background A strong understanding of infection prevention and control (IPC) procedures and comprehensive training among healthcare workers is essential for effective IPC programs. These elements play a crucial role in breaking the chain of nosocomial infections by preventing the transmission of resistant organisms to patients and staff members. This study mapped the components of IPC education and training across various member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) at national, academic, and healthcare institutional levels. Methods A self-administered structured online questionnaire based on the WHO “Core Component 3” of IPC programs at the national and acute healthcare facility levels (IPC education and training) was given to national IPC focal persons in each of the WHO’s EMR countries between February and March 2023. Results From 14 of the 22 countries,15 IPC persons participated in the survey. Most countries have scattered nonhomogeneous IPC education programs in human health undergraduate majors without considering it a standalone module. Academic institutions are rarely involved, and elaborate and predefined undergraduate IPC education programs provided by universities are present in 21.4% of the countries. In 71.4% of these countries, postgraduate training targeting IPC professionals is provided by national IPC teams, primarily based on national IPC guidelines developed with the aid of the WHO. Generally, healthcare worker training relies heavily on healthcare facilities in 92.9% of the countries, rather than on a national training program. In 42.9% of the countries, practicing IPC physicians are not necessarily specialists of infectious disease or medical microbiologists and IPC nurses are not required to specialize in IPC. However, nonspecialized IPC professionals are expected to undergo training upon employment and before beginning practice. Nongovernmental organizations such as the WHO play a significant role in IPC education and in supporting national IPC authorities in establishing national IPC guidelines, as it is the case in 78.6% of these countries. Conclusion Clear disparities exist in IPC education and training across different countries in the WHO’s EMR. Establishing a regional scientific network specializing in IPC would help bridge the existing gaps and standardize this education within individual countries and across countries in the region. This region needs to establish IPC certification standards and standardized education curricula.

Abstract We report on the synthesis and characterization of six novel 2,2′-bithiophene-based organic compounds (3a–c and 5a–c) that are designed to serve as co-sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on TiO2. The compounds are linked to various donor and acceptor groups, and we confirm their chemical structures through spectral analyses. Our focus is on enhancing the performance of metal based N3, and the compounds were designed to operate at the nanoscale. We performed absorption and fluorescence emission measurements in dimethylformamide (DMF), where one of our compounds 5a exhibited the longest maximum absorption and maximum emission wavelengths, indicating the significant impact of the para methoxy group as a strong electron-donating group. Our dyes 5a + N3 (η = 7.42%) and 5c + N3 (η = 6.57%) outperformed N3 (η = 6.16%) alone, where the values of short current density (J SC ) and open circuit voltage (V OC ) for these two systems also improved. We also investigated the charge transfer resistance at the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which is important in the context of nanotechnology. According to the Nyquist plot, the 5a + N3 cocktail exhibited the lowest recombination rate, resulting in the highest V OC . Our theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are also in agreement with the experimental process. These findings suggest that our compounds have great potential as efficient DSSC co-sensitizers. This study provides valuable insights into the design and synthesis of new organic compounds for use as co-sensitizers in DSSCs based on TiO2 and highlights the potential of these compounds for use in efficient solar energy conversion.

This study aims to determine the completeness of the implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to the achievement of students' mathematical representation skills, determine the influence of learning interest on the mathematical representation ability of students in PBL, and describe the mathematical representation skills of students in terms of learning interest. The research method used is a mixed method with a concurrent embedded strategy. The results showed that PBL did not complete the mathematical representation ability of students. This is due to several factors including (1) the difficulties experienced by students in online learning, (2) the time gap between the last meeting of PBL and the mathematical representation ability tests, (3) the weakness of PBL learning that takes a long time, (4) the number of students who are the subject is too little, and (5) the problem of mathematical representation ability test instrument is difficult. Furthermore, there is an influence of learning interest in the mathematical representation ability of students in PBL by 56.2%. Then, the mathematical representation ability of subjects with high and medium categories of learning interest tends to be able to meet the three indicators of mathematical representation ability, while subjects with low categories of learning interest are not able to meet the three indicators of mathematical representation ability. The three indicators of mathematical representation ability are visual representation, Representation of Mathematical Equations or Expressions Ability, and representation of words or written text. Keywords: mathematical representation ability, learning interest, problem-based learning.

5-florouracil is a widely used anticancer/anti-metabolite drug used to treat solid tumor like colon cancer, head and neck, rectum, stomach, pancreas and breast cancer; but, it can cause hepatotoxicity by induction of apoptosis through activation of caspases enzymes and oxidative stress. Nobiletin is a citrus fruit-derived flavonoid that possess significant biological activity, including anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. This study was design to investigate the effects of nobiletin against 5-florouracil-indcued hepatotoxicity in male rats through the measurement of selected -inflammatory, -apoptosis, and -oxidative stress markers. By use male Albino rats weighing 150-250gm around 28 animals; giving them tap water ad libitum and fed commercial pellets; and randomized into four groups (7animals/group) as following arrangement: Group I oral administered only corn oil for rats 1 ml for each kilogram for day by using of oral gavage for rat for 14 days. Group II: oral administered Nobiletin at dose 10 mg for each kilogram for each day (dissolved in corn oil) via oral gavage for 14 days. Group III: oral administered corn oil via oral gavage for 14 days after that single IP injection of 5-FU (150 mg/kg) on the day fourteenth (14). Group VI: Rats oral administered nobiletin dissolved in corn oil daily by oral gavage at a dose 10 mg/kg for each day for 14 days and a single IP injection of (150 mg/kg) 5-florouracil was given on day 14. All groups, seven animals of each group were sacrificed at day fifteenth (15); and, serum was collected to measure inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers (interlukin-6 and interlukin-10) and liver function tests(ALT, LDH and AST); furthermore, liver tissue samples were collected to measure level of caspase-3, malondialdehyde and reduced form of glutathione, assessment of Hemeoxygenase-1 and NADPH quinone dehydrogenase-1 enzymes. In addition, histopathological study of the liver tissue of rats was perform to detect difference between architecture of liver cells in all rats’ groups. The protective effect of Nobiletin noted by decrease in apoptosis of hepatocytes by decreasing of caspase-3 and reduction on free radical through reduce in malondialdehyde level, also increase in Hemeoxygenase-1gene expression. Increase in NADPH quinone dehydrogenase-1 dehydrogenase enzyme. On histopath reduce in congestion and some inflammatory infiltration by using of nobiletin prior to give 5-florouracil.

BackgroundHearing loss is known to be a serious issue that impedes human communication. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 20 in 100,000 newborns demonstrate congenital hearing impairments, leading to severely impacted language, academic, and social abilities of these children.ObjectiveThe reduced quality of life and work productivity among hearing-impaired individuals eventually affects societal outcomes and development. Since limited studies address the nature of hearing-impaired individuals in Jordan, this research aimed to define the prevalence and nature of hearing loss in Jordan, highlighting important facts about hearing loss epidemiology across Jordanians.MethodsThe current research focused on assessing hearing function for 1000 individuals over 12 years to define the rate, most prominent configurations, and the most common characteristics of hearing difficulties in Jordan.ResultsThe results showed that sixty-three per 1,000 people have hearing loss, most frequently sensorineural hearing loss. The age range of people with hearing loss was 12 to 89 years old, with a median age of 51. The incidence of hearing loss appeared at a later age (33.33%, X2 = 15.74, p0.05), with sensorineural hearing loss reported to be the most common type of hearing loss (N = 46, 73.00%), and mild is the most frequent severity (N = 25, X2 = 23.58, pConclusionThe rate of hearing loss in Jordan is higher than worldwide prevalence, which was assumed to be due to genetic factors impacting the auditory system. These findings will assist in creating effective hearing conservation programs to reasonably prevent or minimize the spread of hearing loss in Jordan.

These days, it is crucial to discern between different types of human behavior, and artificial intelligence techniques play a big part in that. The characteristics of the feedforward artificial neural network (FANN) algorithm and the genetic algorithm have been combined to create an important working mechanism that aids in this field. The proposed system can be used for essential tasks in life, such as analysis, automation, control, recognition, and other tasks. Crossover and mutation are the two primary mechanisms used by the genetic algorithm in the proposed system to replace the back propagation process in ANN. While the feedforward artificial neural network technique is focused on input processing, this should be based on the process of breaking the feedforward artificial neural network algorithm. Additionally, the result is computed from each ANN during the breaking up process, which is based on the breaking up of the artificial neural network algorithm into multiple ANNs based on the number of ANN layers, and therefore, each layer in the original artificial neural network algorithm is assessed. The best layers are chosen for the crossover phase after the breakage process, while the other layers go through the mutation process. The output of this generation is then determined by combining the artificial neural networks into a single ANN; the outcome is then checked to see if the process needs to create a new generation. The system performed well and produced accurate findings when it was used with data taken from the Vicon Robot system, which was primarily designed to record human behaviors based on three coordinates and classify them as either normal or aggressive.

The research aims to: Preparing a program for sounding thinking strategies with blended learning for a number of badminton skills. Detecting the differences between the post-tests of the two experimental groups and the two control groups for male and female students using the probing thinking strategies with integrated education in the technical and skill performance of a number of badminton skills. The research sample was chosen deliberately from four divisions being taught by one teacher. The researchers chose the two control groups and the two experimental groups randomly by drawing lots. Probe thinking strategies were used with blended learning for the two experimental groups of male and female students, while the two control groups used the traditional method of the teacher in teaching badminton skills, and the researchers used the statistical package (SPSS ). The researchers concluded the following : The experimental groups of male and female students outperformed the control groups of male and female students in the skill performance tests for a number of badminton skills

The BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes for the BRCA1 protein, which plays a vital role in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and the maintenance of genomic stability. The BRCA1 protein interacts with a variety of other proteins that play essential roles in gene regulation and embryonic development. It is a large protein composed of multiple domains. The C-terminal region of the BRCA1 protein consists of two BRCT domains connected by a short linker. The BRCT domains are crucial in protein–protein interactions as well as in DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation through their phosphoprotein binding modules that recognize the phosphorylated protein sequence motif of other kinases. Mutations within the BRCT domain can disrupt the normal function of BRCA1 and lead to an increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. Herein, we explore the structural characteristics of BRCA1, focusing on the BRCT domain, its interactions with key cellular components, and its involvement in various cellular processes. In addition, the impact of BRCT domain mutations on breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility, prognosis, and treatment options is discussed. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the BRCT domain of BRCA1, this review aims to shed light on the role of this important domain in the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches for breast and ovarian cancer.

The Oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora capsici, causes root, crown, and fruit rot of winter squash (Cucurbita moschata) and limits production. Some C. moschata cultivars develop age-related resistance (ARR), whereby fruit develop resistance to P. capsici 14 to 21 days postpollination (DPP) because of thickened exocarp; however, wounding negates ARR. We uncovered the genetic mechanisms of ARR of two C. moschata cultivars, Chieftain and Dickenson Field, that exhibit ARR at 14 and 21 DPP, respectively, using RNA sequencing. The sequencing was conducted using RNA samples from ‘Chieftain’ and ‘Dickenson Field’ fruit at 7, 10, 14, and 21 DPP. A differential expression and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis revealed an overrepresentation of upregulated genes in functional categories relevant to cell wall structure biosynthesis, cell wall modification/organization, transcription regulation, and metabolic processes. A pathway enrichment analysis detected upregulated genes in cutin, suberin monomer, and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways. A further analysis of the expression profile of genes in those pathways revealed upregulation of genes in monolignol biosynthesis and lignin polymerization in the resistant fruit peel. Our findings suggest a shift in gene expression toward the physical strengthening of the cell wall associated with ARR to P. capsici. These findings provide candidate genes for developing Cucurbita cultivars with resistance to P. capsici and improve fruit rot management in Cucurbita species.

BACKGROUND: Beta-thalassemia, a hereditary blood disease transmitted through families, has become increasingly relevant with rising life expectancies, leading to bone disease being a significant cause of morbidity. Among the symptoms observed in these patients, bone pain and back pain are frequently reported. Vitamin D is believed to play a crucial role in reducing these symptoms. AIM: The objective of this study was to assess the Vitamin D levels in thalassemic patients and investigate potential correlations with other factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving a random selection of 48 patients with beta-thalassemia (major and intermediate types) aged 7 years and above. The patients were registered at the Hereditary Blood Disease Center in Wasit province, located in the South of Iraq, during the period from January to May 2022. Demographic data, including age, sex, address, diagnosis, type of chelation therapy, and frequency of blood transfusions, were collected from patients' files. Biochemical data, such as mean hemoglobin, mean serum ferritin, mean serum calcium, and Vitamin D levels at the time of the study, were also recorded. Vitamin D levels below 30 ng/ml were considered low level or deficiency, whereas 30 ng/ml and above were considered normal, as indicated by the kit manufacturer. Furthermore, the height, weight, and body mass index were evaluated in the studied patients with their written consent. SPSS version (23) was employed for data management and statistical analysis, utilizing a significant P = 0.05 and the Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: The study revealed that 42 patients (87.5%) had low Vitamin D levels (below 30 ng/ml). The mean Vitamin D level was 18.23 ng/ml, with a maximum reading of 45 ng/ml. It was observed that Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in younger patients and those with higher ferritin levels, although the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with B-thalassemia, as indicated by this study.

Lipreading is the ability to recognize words or sentences from the mouth movements of a speaking person. This process is also known as Visual Speech Recognition (VSR). Lipreading has two main advantages: facilitate communication for people with hearing or speaking problems and aid speech recognition in noisy environments. In this paper, we propose a lipreading computing system capable of recognizing ten common Arabic words by performing word extraction from the mouth movements. The system receives a video of a person uttering an Arabic word as an input and outputs the text of the predicted word. During the implementation stage of the proposed system, three deep learning and neural network architectures are alternatively used to train, validate, and test the system using a locally collected and preprocessed dataset. The dataset contains 1051 videos and will be made available upon request. Moreover, a voting model that combines the three architectures is proposed. The highest testing accuracy (i.e. 82.84%) is achieved by leveraging the voting model.

Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common degenerative movement disorder. It is featured by motor manifestations and up till now the clinical diagnosis is based on them. Since the progress in the symptomatic treatment of PD and the longer survival of patients, non-motor manifestations (NMM) were more recognized and considered to be significant. The importance of NMM is that they reflect the more diffuse pathology of PD and may represent an opportunity of earlier diagnosis and treatment. Here in this cross-sectional study, we try to estimate the frequency of such manifestations in PD patients in the country. Using slightly modified PD non-motor (28 of 30 responses) questionnaire (NMS Quest), we studied the incidence of NMM in 100 PD patients attending one major teaching hospital and compared their occurrence in 130 age- and gender-matched non-PD controls. Results Out of 100 PD patients (40% females) mean age 67.4 ± 12 with disease duration of 7.3 ± 5.8, range

We investigated the effect of green tea extract PEGylated gold nanoparticles (P-AuNPs) making use of its targeted and sustained drug delivery against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. AuNPs were synthesized by reduction reaction of gold salts with green tea extract following the concept of green synthesis. Mostly spherical-shaped P-AuNPs were synthesized with an average size of 14.3 ± 3.3 nm. Pre-treatment with P-AuNPs (1, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) before CYP (150 mg/kg, i.p.) challenge suggested its uroprotective properties. P-AuNPs significantly reversed all pain-like behaviours and toxicities produced by CYP resulting in a decreased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, and creatinine level. P-AuNPs increased anti-oxidant system by increasing the level of reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and reduced nitric oxide production in bladder tissue. Additionally, it attenuated hypokalaemia and hyponatremia, along with a decrease in Evans blue content in bladder tissue and peritoneal cavity. CYP-induced bladder tissue damage observed by macroscopic and histological findings were remarkably attenuated by P-AuNPs, along with reduced fibrosis of collagen fibre in bladder smooth muscles shown by Masson’s trichrome staining. Additionally, alterations in hematological parameters and clinical scoring were also prevented by P-AuNPs suggesting its uroprotective effect.

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy and safety of prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA) versus a control (placebo or no treatment) during hysterectomy for benign conditions. Six databases were screened from inception to January 23, 2022. Eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias. Outcomes were summarized as weighted mean differences and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals in a random-effects model. Five studies, comprising six arms and 911 patients were included in the study. Two and three studies had an overall unclear and low risk of bias, respectively. Estimated intraoperative blood loss, requirement for postoperative blood transfusion, and requirement for intraoperative topical hemostatic agents were significantly reduced in a prophylactic TXA group when compared with a control group. Moreover, postoperative hemoglobin level was significantly higher in the prophylactic TXA group than in the control group. Conversely, the frequency of self-limiting nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in the prophylactic TXA group than in the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of surgery duration, hospital stay, and diarrhea rate. All the RCTs reported no incidence of major adverse events in either group, such as mortality, thromboembolic events, visual disturbances, or seizures. There was no publication bias for any outcome, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses demonstrated stability of the findings. Among patients who underwent hysterectomy for benign conditions, prophylactic TXA appeared largely safe and correlated with substantial reductions in estimated intraoperative blood loss and related morbidities.

Abstract Background Neospora caninum has been documented to infect most domestic wildlife but is known to primarily infect dogs and cattle and is considered an important cause of abortion in camels. Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the molecular detection of Neospora caninum in tissues of naturally infected camelids. Methods Brain, tongue (bottom and tip) and masseter muscles from 35 slaughtered camelids from Tataouine and Médenine regions were collected (n = 140 samples). PCR was used to amplify and detect N. caninum DNA in tissues samples followed by sequencing of some PCR products. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed to compare the partial sequences of the ITS1 gene with GenBank sequences. Histopathology examination was used to detect Neospora spp. cysts, but no lesions were observed. Results The overall molecular detection of N. caninum in camelids was 34.3% (12/35). The highest molecular detection of N. caninum was recorded in animals of more than 3 years old (6/9) and in animals aged between 1 and 3 years old (4/12). Whilst, the lowest molecular detection (2/14) was observed in animals 1 year or younger (p = 0.035). There were no significant differences in molecular detection of N. caninum according to both locality and gender (p > 0.05). Similarly, there was no difference of prevalence between different anatomical locations. Comparison of the partial sequences of the ITS1 gene revealed 100–95.5% similarity among our N. caninum amplicon (MW551566) and those deposited in GenBank. Conclusion These results highlight the presence of a risk infection by N. caninum in camels. For preventing N. caninum infection further studies are needed to improve our knowledge about the epidemiology of neosporosis in North Africa.

This research is about analysis seasonality of precipitation concentration in the north of Iraq, by using multiple methods of precipitation concentration Index .The first is the standard vectors method that determines the date of concentration and the number of the rainy months, the second, precipitation concentration index (PCI) that classify the degree of (PCI) annually, supra-seasonal, seasonal depending on monthly precipitation data from nine metrological stations For 36 years (1979-2014), using Excel, Arc map 10.8 and Oriana software in calculates and representation of precipitation concentration. the result shows that all stations in the study area share the same date (Jan.-Feb.) and the stations differ in the length of the rainy season (7-9) month. and for PCI results, PCI annual shows denote a moderate concentration in the whole study area, PCI supra-seasonal value shows (in the wet season uniform rain distribution, the dry season value shows high concentration, PCI seasonal Shows (autumn) moderate concentration, winter: low concentration in all stations, in the spring: PCI value shows the moderate concentration in Erbil, Kirkuk, Sulaymaniyah, Salaheddin, and the other stations shows uniform rain distribution.