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Objective: In past alcohol administration studies, intoxicated college students have been more willing to have unprotected sex with a hypothetical new partner than sober or placebo students. The objective of the present research was to extend past work by examining the effects of gender, cognitive reserve, and partner risk on intoxicated sexual decision making. Method: Before assigning participants (60 women and 60 men) to a drink condition, cognitive reserve was assessed with the reading subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test 3 (WRAT3). After drinking, participants watched a video of a male and female college student in a sexual situation. There were two versions of the video that were identical, except for information that suggested the opposite-gender character had many past sexual partners or only a few. Results: There was a significant interaction between drink condition and cognitive reserve such that intoxicated participants with lower WRAT3 scores were more likely than other participants to indicate that they would have unprotected sex if they were in this situation. Partner risk did not influence participants' willingness to have unprotected sex; however, they were less interested in dating the high-risk partner. Conclusions: As expected, participants with less cognitive reserve made riskier decisions when intoxicated. Unexpectedly, although participants clearly perceived the high- and low-risk partners differently, this did not affect their willingness to have unprotected sex with this hypothetical partner. These findings demonstrate the need for sexually transmitted disease/ HIV prevention programs that go beyond factual presentations and provide students with the skills they need to assess risk realistically and the need for programs with messages tailored for individuals with low cognitive skills., COLLEGE STUDENTS EXPERIENCE MANY negative consequences from heavy alcohol consumption, including academic problems, personal injuries, impaired driving, interpersonal violence, and vandalism (Perkins, 2002). In the area of risky sexual behavior, [...]

Objective: Past alcohol administration research has produced mixed findings regarding the role of acute alcohol consumption on sexual decision making. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a more complex theoretical model that places alcohol's acute effects in context, through the inclusion of background measures as well as affective and cognitive responses to the specific situation. Method: College students (90 men, 90 women) completed a survey that included measures of individual difference characteristics and past experiences; approximately 1 month later, they participated in an alcohol administration study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three drink conditions (sober, placebo, alcohol), after which they read a story about a couple that wanted to have sex, but had no condoms available. Results: In hierarchical multiple regression analyses, acute alcohol consumption significantly predicted participants' perceived likelihood that they would have sex without a condom in such a situation; an earlier step included gender, impulsivity, self-reported alcohol expectancies, frequency of heavy drinking, lifetime number of sexual partners and frequency of condom use. There was no significant effect associated with the expectancy that one had consumed alcohol. Neither was there a significant interaction between drink condition and self-reported alcohol expectancies. Conclusions: Through the inclusion of measures of individual differences and responses to the specific situation, this study provides a more nuanced understanding of the factors that affect college students' sexual decision making, compared with laboratory studies that examine the effects of acute alcohol consumption in isolation. Alcohol consumption explained a significant yet relatively small amount of variance. Researchers need to consider the broader context to understand how intoxication influences sexual decision making. (J. Stud. Alcohol 66: 82-90, 2005), CONCERNS ABOUT escalating rates of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have heightened researchers' interest in identifying factors that influence sexual decision making. Many adolescents and young adults have [...]

Objective: The effects of alcohol consumption, alcohol expectancy set and self-reported alcohol expectancies on college students' perceptions of a potential date rape situation were examined. It was hypothesized that the effects of alcohol consumption on perceptions of the likelihood of forced sex would be mediated by cognitive factors and perceived sexual arousal. Method: 90 female and 90 male college students were randomly assigned to drink alcohol, a placebo beverage, or a nonalcoholic beverage. Participants read a story about a couple that had been drinking together at a party. The story ended with the woman saying 'no' to sexual intercourse and the man exerting verbal pressure. Results: Participants' alcohol consumption during the study, self-reported alcohol expectancies, attitudes about casual sex and usual drinking on dates had significant effects on their perceptions of the story. Participants' alcohol expectancy set and gender did not have significant effects on perceptions of the likelihood that the male character would force the female character to have sex. Conclusions: Intoxicated participants perceived the woman in the vignette as being more sexually aroused and the man in the vignette as behaving more appropriately, and both of these variables were negatively related to ratings of how likely it was that forced sex would occur. These findings highlight the importance of mediating cues in intoxicated decision making., ALCOHOL'S EFFECTS on sexual and aggressive behavior have been well established. Compared to sober participants, those who have consumed alcohol in laboratory studies have been found to behave more aggressively [...]

The article offers information on a study about low levels of magnesium in Ethiopian patients with diabetes mellitus. The study, which was conducted to determine the quantity of magnesium present in a diabetic patient compared to a healthy person, found that hypomagnesemia exist in 65% of the patients.

The physical compatibility of bivalirudin (Angiomax) with 96 selected other drugs during simulated Y-site injection was evaluated by visual observation, turbidity measurement, and electronic particle content assessment (when appropriate). Five-milliliter samples of bivalirudin 5mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection were combined with 5mL of 96 other drugs (anti-infectives, analgesics, anihistamines, diuretics, steroids, or other supportive-care drugs that were either undiluted or diluted with either 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection [the diluent for drugs incompatible with 5% dextrose injection ]). Visual examinations were performed with the unaided eye in normal, diffuse fluorescent light with a Tydall beam (a high-intensity monodirectional light beam) to enhance the visualization of small particles and low-level turbidity. The turbidity of each sample was measured as well. The particle content of samples that did not exhibit a visible incompatibility was measured. Evaluation of the samples was performed initially and at 1 and 4 hours after preparation. Eighty-seven of the 96 test drugs were compatible with the bivalirudin dilution during the 4-hour observation period. However, the combination of bivalirudin solution with each of nine drugs resulted in haze formation, microparticulate formation, or gross preciptiation. Bivalirudin should not be administered simultaneously with those incompatible drugs.

The physical compatibility of Precedex with 95 other drugs during simulated Y-site injection was evaluated by visual observation, turbidity measurement, and electronic particle content assessment (when appropriate). Five-milliliter samples of Precedex 4 micrograms/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection were combined with 5 mL of each of 95 other drugs. The other test drugs included anti-infectives, analgesics, antihistamines, diuretics, steroids, and other supportive-care drugs undiluted or diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection (for amphotericin B). Visual examinations were performed with the unaided eye in normal diffuse fluorescent light and with a Tyndall beam (a high-intensity monodirectional light beam) to enhance the visualization of small particles and low-level turbidity. The turbidity of each sample was measured as well, as was the particle content of samples with no visible incompatibility. Evaluation of the samples was performed initially and at 1 and 4 hours after preparation. Ninety-three of the 95 test drugs were compatible with the Precedex dilution during the 4-hour observation period; however, both amphotericin B and diazepam resulted in precipitation. Precedex, which is incompatible, with amphotericin B and diazepam, should not be administered simultaneously with those drugs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical stability of gentamicin sulfate 85mg/100mL and tobramycin sulfate 95mg/100mL, each of which was admixed in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and packaged in AutoDose Infusion System bags. Triplicate test samples were prepared by admixing the necessary amounts of the aminoglycoside antibiotics with a portion of 0.9% sodium chloride injection and bringing the admixture of each drug to a final volume of 100mL with additional 0.9% sodium chloride injection. The test solutions were packaged in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) plastic containers (AutoDose bags) designed for use in the AutoDose Infusion System. Samples were stored protected from light and were evaluated at appropriate intervals for up to 7 days at 23 deg C and up to 30 days at 4 deg C. Physical stability was assessed by means of a multistep evaluation procedure that included both turbidimetric and particulate measurement, as well as visual inspection. Chemical stability was assessed initially and at appropriate intervals during the study periods with stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analytical techniques based on the determination of drug concentrations. The aminoglycoside admixtures were clear and colorless when viewed in normal fluorescent room light and with a Tyndall beam. Measured turbidity and particulate content were low and exhibited little change. HPLC analysis indicated that both gentamicin sulfate and tobramycin sulfate remained stable for 30 days at 4 deg C and for 7 days at 23 deg C. Both gentamicin sulfate and tobramycin sulfate exhibited physical and chemical stability that were consistent with previous studies of those drugs. The AutoDose Infusion System bags did not adversely affect the physical and chemical stability of those aminoglycoside anitbiotics.