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Background: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Sleep Apnea Scale of Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SA-SDQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) are widely used in English speaking countries for sleep problem screening. However, there is no officially validated Thai-version of sleep questionnaires available., Objective: To provide standard Thai version of three sleep questionnaires and find cut-off level to screening sleep problems in Thai population., Material and Method: We used Mapi Research Institute Methods for translation from original language to Thai questionnaire. Then, test-retest reliability analysis was performed. Finally, we collected data from patients who underwent polysomnography in Phramongkutklao Sleep Lab Centre between June and August 2011. Cut-off value to screen population at risk for sleep-related disorder was researched., Results: The questionnaires were translated with very good inter-rater agreement. Cut-off of ESS, SA-SDQ, and PSQI suggested sleep disorders would be 9, 27, and 6.5 respectively., Conclusion: Sleep disorder questionnaires including ESS, SA-SDQ, and PSQI were translated into Thai with high validity, reliability, and accuracy.

Objective: To identify the frequency of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and to explore the different characteristics between subgroup and severity of dementia., Material and Method: Sixty-seven patients with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia were recruited to our cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatric batteries including the Mini Mental Status Examination-Thai 2002, Thai Geriatric Depression Scale, 23 items from Alzheimer's Disease co-operative Study activities of daily living inventory, Behavioralpathology in Alzheimer's disease rating scale, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were tested., Results: The most common behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) were sleep problems (100%), paranoid/delusion (59.7%), diurnal disturbance (49.2%) and aggressiveness (46.3%). Hallucination and affective problems were more severe in AD than in VaD/mixed dementia. Sleep problems were identified more severe in mild dementia than moderate-to-severe dementia. With longer duration of having dementia, exceptfor affective problem, there was no diffemence in behavioral and psychological symptoms observed compared to the shorter dementia group., Conclusion: Behavioral and psychological symptoms were very common in Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia. Since these symptoms cause cognitive and functional decline, institutionalization, caregiver distress and increase direct costs ofcare, the problem must be identified and addressed.