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Background Currently, the main goal of cancer research is to increase longevity of patients suffering malignant cancers. The promising results of BCc1 in vitro and vivo experiments made us look into the effect of BCc1 nanomedicine on patients with cancer in a clinical trial. Methods The present investigation was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, and multicenter study in which 123 patients (30-to-85-year-old men and women) with metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer, in two separate groups of BCc1 nanomedicine or placebo, were selected using a permuted block randomization method. For metastatic and non-metastatic patients, a daily dose of 3000 and 1500 mg was prescribed, respectively. Overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoint and quality of life (measured using QLQ-STO22) and adverse effects as the secondary endpoints were studied. Results In metastatic patients, the median OS was significantly higher in BCc1 nanomedicine (174 days [95% confidence interval (CI) 82.37–265.62]) than in placebo (62 days [95% CI 0–153.42]); hazard ratio (HR): 0.5 [95% CI 0.25–0.98; p = 0.046]. In non-metastatic patients, the median OS was significantly higher in BCc1 nanomedicine (529 days [95% CI 393.245–664.75]) than in placebo (345 days [95% CI 134.85–555.14]); HR: 0.324 [95% CI 0.97–1.07; p = 0.066]. The QLQ-STO22 assessment showed a mean difference improvement of 3.25 and 2.29 (p value > 0.05) in BCc1 nanomedicine and a mean difference deterioration of − 4.42 and − 3 (p-value Conclusion The findings of this trial has provided evidence for the potential capacity of BCc1 nanomedicine for treatment of cancer. Trial registration IRCTID, IRCT2017101935423N1. Registered on 19 October 2017, http://www.irct.ir/ IRCT2017101935423N1

Background CRC is the second and third most common cancer in women and men, respectively. The national comprehensive cancer network guidelines recommend oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as a preferred regimen for patients with advanced or metastatic colon cancer. Oxaliplatin is also used in the off-label treatment of gastric cancer. FDA uses post-marketing study commitments to gather additional information about a product’s safety, efficacy, or optimal use. It is necessary to perform safety monitoring after marketing authorization is received; such monitoring can be done by means of characterizing the safety of drugs in patients being treated in real-world clinical practice settings. Objectives This Phase IV study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of a brand-name formulation of the generic drug oxaliplatin (AlvoxalⓇ, NanoAlvand, Tehran, Iran) in Iranian patients diagnosed with either colorectal or other, different types of cancer. Methods Patients with colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, or other malignancies receiving oxaliplatin as a part of their treatment were included in this open-label, multicenter, observational Phase IV study. This study aimed to assess the safety profile of oxaliplatin in patients diagnosed with different cancers. Findings A total of 483 patients from 16 cities in Iran were enrolled. The most common malignancy was colorectal cancer (55.49%), followed by gastric cancer (28.16%). Based on the results, 405 patients experienced at least 1 adverse event. Most of these adverse events were grade 1 or 2, and the most commonly reported adverse event was anemia (60.66%). During the study, 26 serious adverse events occurred in 15 (3.11%) patients, which were perhaps related to oxaliplatin. There were no remarkable differences in the incidences of adverse events in the system organ classes of blood and lymphatic system disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, or nervous system disorders among patients with different malignancies (ie, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and other malignancies) or between genders. The results of this open-label, multicenter, observational, postmarketing surveillance study demonstrated no unexpected safety findings from the use of this oxaliplatin product (AlvoxalⓇ) in Iranian patients diagnosed with different types of cancer. Conclusions This Phase IV study provides data on the safety profile of a number of chemotherapy regimens containing an oxaliplatin product given to Iranian patients diagnosed with different types of cancer.

Background: Complementary experiments on nanomedicines as proper candidates for the control and treatment of cancer are widely being conducted nowadays. In the previous study, the effect of BCc1 nanomedicine, which is synthetized based on nanochelating technology, on overall survival (OS) and quality of life of gastric cancer patients was evaluated after 18 months of consumption. The OS of the same patients is reported in this study after 40 months. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel, multicenter design was used in this study. 123 metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer patients of both genders (between 25 and 85 years old) participated in this experiment to evaluate their OS after consuming BCc1 for 40 months and to identify the adverse events of this nanomedicine. Results: The median OS of metastatic patients was 257 days in the BCc1 group [95% confidence interval (CI): 144. 142-369.858], while it was 161 days in the placebo [95% CI: 118.462-203.538]; hazard ratio (HR): 0.802 [95% CI: 0.483-1.333] (P-Value = 0.395). Similarly, the median OS of non-metastatic patients was 718 days in the BCc1 group [95% CI; 577.706-860.213], while it was 520 days in the placebo [95% CI: 460.280- 580.690]; HR: 0.807 [95% CI: 0.343,1.902] (P-Value = 0.624). There was no evidence of adverse events after 40 months.Conclusion: The OS improvement of metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer patients in the previous (18 months of follow-up) and current (40 months of follow-up) studies showed that BCc1 can be used along with base treatments to improve cancer patients’ OS. Trial registration: IRCTID, IRCT2017101935423N1.Registered on 19 October 2017, http://www.irct.ir/ IRCT2017101935423N1.

Background: Nowadays, one criterion to assess the impact of various treatments in cancer patients is the quality of life (QOL), which represents the patients’ physical and psychosocial manner. It is already proved that BCc1 nanomedicine enjoys therapeutic behavior in cancer treatment of in vitro, animal, and human studies. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed at investigating the QOL in gastric cancer patients according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire after treating them with BCc1 nanomedicine synthesized based on nanochelating technology. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, and multicenter study was conducted to investigate the QLQ-STO30 of 60 metastatic (8 weeks after treatment) and 60 non-metastatic (20 weeks after treatment) gastric cancer patients in two separate groups named BCc1 nanomedicine and placebo. Results: In the metastatic patients, the mean difference of overall QLQ-STO30 showed a 2.8-score improvement in BCc1 nanomedicine (P 0.05) and a 3-score decline in placebo (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study showed that BCc1 nanomedicine improves a number of indices in metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer patients, such as functional domains, symptom scales, and global QOL included in EORTC QLQ-STO30 questionnaire.

A fundamental principle in the safe design of bridge piers is to estimate maximum scour depth. As such, many researchers devoted their efforts to study the phenomenon of scour around bridge piers and to present relationships to estimate maximum scour depth. In the current research, scour around circular bridge piers with two different diameters and different inclination angles toward downstream has been investigated experimentally under clear water and different discharges. The obtained results revealed that increase in the inclination angle leads to a significant decrease in the scour depth, dimensions of sediment ridge and scour hole. Moreover, by comparing the data obtained from vertical bridge pier and well-known relationships, a relationship having the most agreement with the results was selected and modified to estimate equilibrium scour depth around inclined piers.

The purpose of this paper was to study the local scour formation due to an inclined circular bridge pier. The experiments for two cases of inclined and vertical piers under clear-water condition with four different flow conditions have been performed. The experiments were conducted in the hydraulic laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University in a rectangular channel. Also, for better interpretation of the observed changes, the longitudinal component values of the velocity in a vertical plain with definite distance located downstream of the vertical and inclined piers were recorded using a velocimeter. The results show that although the scour hole shape and its ridge is changed with the inclination angle of pier, the maximum scour depth in a laterally inclined pier is almost equal to that of a vertical pier and the location of the maximum scour depth in vertical pier has transferred from the 0° area to the approximately 30° area in inclined pier state.

We report the first efficient multicomponent reaction, catalyzed by iron(III) triflate, for synthesis of a new series of functionalized 4H-furo[3,4-b]pyran derivatives.

Background Although varicocele can be treated, it is considered as one of the most common causes of infertility. This study was performed in order to estimate prevalence of varicocele in adolescents aging 12-14 years in the city of Isfahan. Materials and methods During this descriptive analytic research, 800 secondary school students who were 12 to 14 years old were randomly chosen from all the five areas of the city. Physical examination results were considered absolutely private. Examinations could screen grades I, II, III, unilateral and bilateral varicocele. Finally, recorded data was analyzed. Results From 800 students examined, 133 individuals had varicocele. 74 students out of 133 individuals with varicocele, had grade I (55.6%) in the left side, 44 students had grade II (33.1%) in the left side, 4 students had grade III (3%) in the left side, and 11 students had bilateral varicocele (8.3%). Conclusion Considering the significant frequency of varicocele among adolescents more attention must be paid to early treatment of varicocele in order to restore the testicular function and therefore, future fertility. However late treatment may lead to testicular atrophy and irreversible consequences. Thus examination, diagnosis and treatment of possible varicocele in individuals at this range of age is highly recommended. In addition, the results of this study highlight the importance of parents' education about the consequences of varicocele on the future fertility of their children.