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SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has rapidly devastated worldwide. The lack of approved therapeutic drugs has intensified the global situation, so researchers are seeking potential treatments using regular drug agents and traditional herbs as well. Objectives: To identify new therapeutic agents from Nigella sativa against spike protein (PDB ID: 7BZ5) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The 46 compounds from N. sativa were docked with spike protein using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and compared with commercially available anti-viral drugs e.g., Arbidol, Favipiravir, Remdesivir, Nelfinavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine. The Molecular Dynamic Simulation (MDS) analysis was also applied to determine ligand-protein complex stability. Furthermore, the pharmacological properties of compounds were also analyzed using AdmetSAR and SwissADME. Results: Out of its total 46 ligands, 8 compounds i.e., Methyl stearate, Eicosadienoic acid, Oleic acid, Stearic acid, Linoleic acid, Myristoleic acid, Palmitic acid, and Farnesol were selected for further analysis based on their minimum binding energy ranges from -7.45 to -7.07 kcal/mol. The docking scores of N. sativa phytocompounds were similar to drugs taken as control. Moreover, post simulation analysis of Methyl stearate complex predicted the most stable conformer. Conclusions: Further, in-vivo experiments are suggested to validate the medicinal use of Methyl stearate as potential inhibitors against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.

There is a dire need to develop any antiviral therapy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Objective: To investigate the potential therapeutic drug agents from Cymbopogon citratus compounds against the main-protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Initial screening was carried out using molecular docking, dynamic simulation followed by ADMET profiling and Lipinski’s physiochemical parameters for prediction of drug likeliness. MOE/PyRx was used for docking before determining the stability of the best complexes through NAMD/VMD softwares. Moreover, SwissADME and admetSAR web-based tools were used for drug likeliness of the best complexes. Results: Out of total 50 compounds, 11 presented the lowest binding energies which includes tannic acid, isoorientin, swertiajaponin, chlorogenic acid, cymbopogonol, warfarin, citral diethyl acetal, citral acetate, luteolin, kaempferol and cianidanol with binding energies of -8.12, -7.38, -7.33, -6.88, -6.48, -6.32, -6.31, -6.18, -6.18, -6.13 and -6.02, respectively. Current studies show isoorientin, chlorogenic acid and tannic acid as the promising drug agents using RMSD, Hbond, heatmap graphs. Conclusion: Further in-vivo experiments are suggested to ascertain the medicinal use of these potential inhibitors against COVID-19.

Objective: This study was done to evaluate awareness of dental practitioners regarding biocompatibility of dental materials among dental practitioners. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: This study was conducted in Islamic international dental college Islamabad during June 2019 to December 2019. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional questionnaire based study. Questionnaires were distributed to house officers and post graduate trainees (N=100) of Islamic International Dental Hospital. The recorded data was analyzed using SPSS2015 (version 23) software. Results: 85% of dental practitioners had knowledge about biocompatibility of polymer based materials. 89% were aware of type of adverse reactions associated with latex gloves. 64% of dental practitioners had awareness that eugenol is a cytotoxic substance present in zinc oxide eugenol. 7% of dental practitioners knew about the various methods to diagnose titanium allergy. Practical implication: This study will help the dental practitioners to comprehend what type of allergies are prevalent in their local population and which dental material can give best results without adverse effects. Conclusion: Our participants have sufficient knowledge about the biocompatibility of dental materials but the knowledge about titanium allergy needs to be enhanced. Keywords: awareness, biocompatibility, dental practitioners, dental materials

Population geneticists have long sought to comprehend various selection traces present in the goat genome due to natural or human-driven selection and breeding practices. As a step forward to pinpoint the selection signals in the Pakistani Dera-Din-Panah (DDP) goat breed, whole-genome pooled-sequencing (n=12) was performed and 618,236,192 clean paired-end reads were mapped against ARS1 reference goat assembly. Five different selection signal statistics were applied here using four Site-Frequency Spectrum (SFS) methods (Tajima’s D (TD), Fay & Wu’s H (H), Zeng’s E (E),Pool – HMM) and one Reduced Local-Variability approach named pooled-heterozygosity (Hp). The under-selection regions were annotated with significant threshold values of –ZTD≥4.7, –ZH≥6, –ZE≥2.5, Pool-HMM≥12, and –ZHp≥5, which resulted in accumulative 364 candidate gene hits, while the highest signals were observed on Chr. 4, 6, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 27 harborADAMTS6, CWC27genes associated with body-height,RELN, MYCBP2, FGF14, STIM1, CFAP74, GNB1, CALML6, TMEM52, FAM149A, NADK, MMP23B, OPN3with body-weight/meat production,FH, MFHAS1, KLKB1with milk production,RRM1, KMO, SPEF2, F11with fecundity rate/reproduction,ATP8B4with immunity,KIT, KMOwith pigmentation,ERI1with olfaction andRHOGwith wool production traits. Furthermore, we accentuate to highlight the putative windows that were captured commonly by any of the five statistical methods applied which harbor meat production, immunity and reproduction-associated genes validating the genotype-phenotype relationship of aforementioned traits private to this goat breed. Current insight into the genomic architecture of DDP goat provides a better understanding to improve its genetic potential and other vested traits of large body size and fiber production by updating the breeding strategies to boost the livestock-based agricultural economy of the country.

The emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-nCoV2 led to mass-scale mortalities worldwide. The need of the hour is to develop strategies and design drugs/vaccines to control this contagion. Current research predicted the promising drug agents from the Carica papaya compounds by docking and MD simulations approaches with two major drug target proteins of spike receptor-binding domain and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-nCoV2. MOE & PyRx softwares were used for ligand-protein interactions and docking scores predictions. Additionally, MD simulation analysis was performed on the ligands with the lowest binding energies using the NAMD/VMD softwares to compute the stability of the best complexes. Furthermore, SwissADME analysis was also performed to check Lipinski's physiochemical parameters of ligands. Our docking results showed the best binding energies of Lutein & β-cryptoxanthin ligands with both of the proteins followed by MDS analysis to check the complex stability and physical perturbations to determine the fitness of these complexes as a potential drug agent against COVID-19 infection. The findings of the current study need experimental validations to proceed further for clinical trials.

This paper is focused on the study of gravitational vacuum stars or, briefly, gravastars in f(R, G) gravity, where R and G stand for the Ricci scalar and Gauss–Bonnet invariant term, respectively. Due to the involvement of highly non-linear differential equations, solutions are found by using some appropriate numerical techniques. The main structure of gravastars has been discussed according to core, shell, and exterior regions for a well-known f(R, G) gravity cosmological model. Mass–radius evolution is described graphically for the considered gravastar, and it is shown that the mass is directly proportional to the radius.

In this paper, we present the cylindrically symmetric solutions in a well-known modified theory, namely f(R, G) gravity. After driving the complete system of field equations, six different families of exact solutions using a viable f(R, G) gravity model have been discussed. Moreover, we have investigated the well-known Levi–Civita solution in modified gravity for the model f(R, G) = R2 + αGn for some suitable values of model parameters n and α. Null energy conditions are also calculated for all the obtained solutions. Some regions are observed where the null energy condition is violated, indicating the existence of cylindrical wormholes.

An in-silico WES approach using the Galaxy platform was adopted in the current study to predict the genetic basis of Premature Ovarian Failure (POF), where three affected patients in a Saudi Arabian family of seven, found associated with X-linked recessive mutations. The current analysis discovered 518,054 variants using FreeBayes variant caller that had 1,461,864 effects on variable sites in the genome revealed by SnpEff software. The causal genetic mutations were filtered and annotated with the ClinVar database using the GEMINI tool. This tool retained 369 pathogenic mutations harboring 130 genes. Among the total, 268 variants positioned on 69 genes are shared with three affected individuals, 61 variants on 23 genes are shared by any two of the affected individuals, and 40 of the variants on 38 genes are present in any one of the affected sample. Two mutations in one of the already POF-associated, POF1B gene were also observed e.g. (i) g.84563135T>A; p.M349L and (ii) g.84563194C>T; p.R329Q in the two affected individuals i.e. IV-I-C & IV-6 in the current data. This gene consists of 17 exons that span the region of >100 kb. The putative function of this gene in regulating the actin cytoskeleton due to homology with myosin tail and maintains a number of oocytes during fetal ovary development. In a nutshell, this Galaxy pipeline facilitates all-in-one to pinpoint not only the known pathogenic gene mutations for this disorder but few other novel genetic variants as well, whose gene-disease association may be validated by further experimental studies.

Mitochondrial Encephalohepatopathy (MEH) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder usually accompanied by microcephaly, white matter changes, cardiac and hepatic failure. Here, we applied the whole-exome sequencing (WES) framework on a trio family data with unaffected non-consanguineous parents and proband (neonate girl) with this inherited disorder. A total of 2,928,402 variants were observed with 2,613,746 SNPs, 112,336 multiple nucleotide polymorphisms (MNPs), 72,610 insertions, 113,207 deletions and 16,503 mixed variants. These variations are responsible for 82,813,631 effects on various genomic regions. Our pipeline uncovered candidate gene mutations from these variants and retained a handful of 5,277 variants harboring 3,598 genes, out of which, 8 genes codes for non-coding RNA while 178 genes are those with high impact severity. Among these 178 variants, 125 are de-novo variants that are not previously reported in the ClinVar database. Consistent to previous studies, the leftover high impact severity genes are involved in encephalopathy, Leigh syndrome, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, global developmental disorder, seizures, spastic paraplegia, premature ovarian failure, mitochondrial myopathy-cerebellar, ataxia-pigmentary, retinopathy syndrome, ocular and retinal degeneration, deafness, intellectual disability, cardiofacioneurodevelopmental syndrome etc. All these clinical features were also observed in the patient studied. The current analysis highlights and expands the genetic architecture of the MEH phenotype. Furthermore, this pipeline on trio family data significantly broadens the concept of its usefulness as a first-tier diagnostic method in the detection of complex multisystem phenotypic disorders.

The Pashmina and Barbari are two famous goat breeds found in the wide areas of the Indo-Pak region. Pashmina is famous for its long hair-fiber (Cashmere) production while Barbari is not-selected for this trait. So, the mRNA expression profiling in the skin samples of both breeds would be an attractive and judicious approach for detecting putative genes involved in this valued trait. Here, we performed differential gene expression analysis on publicly available RNA-Seq data from both breeds. Out of 44,617,994 filtered reads of Pashmina and 55,995,999 of Barbari which are 76.48% and 73.69% mapped to the ARS1 reference transcriptome assembly respectively. A pairwise comparison of both breeds resulted in 47,159 normalized expressed transcripts while 8,414 transcripts are differentially expressed above the significant threshold. Among these, 4,788 are upregulated in Pashmina while 3,626 transcripts are upregulated in Barbari. Fifty-nine transcripts harbor 57 genes including 32 LOC genes and 24 are annotated genes which were selected on the basis of TMM counts > 500. Genes with ectopic expressions other than uncharacterized and LOC symbol genes are Keratins (KRT) and Keratin Associated Proteins (KRTAPs), CystatinA&6, TCHH, SPRR4, PPIA, SLC25A4, S100A11, DMKN, LOR, ANXA2, PRR9 and SFN. All of these genes are likely to be involved in keratinocyte differentiation, sulfur matrix proteins, dermal papilla cells, hair follicles proliferation, hair curvature, wool fiber diameter, hair transition, hair shaft differentiation and its keratinization. These differentially expressed reported genes are critically valuable for enhancing the quality and quantity of the pashmina fiber and overall breed improvement. This study will also provide important information on hair follicle differentiation for further enrichment analyses and introducing this valued trait to other goat breeds as well.

One of the main reasons of rapidly growing cases of COVID-19 pandemic is the unavailability of approved therapeutic agents. Therefore, it is urgently required to find out the best drug by all means. Aim of the current study is to test the anti-viral drug potential of many of the available olive and turmeric compounds that can be used as potential inhibitors against one of the target proteins of SARS-nCoV2 named Main protease (Mpro/3CLpro). Molecular docking of thirty olive and turmeric compounds with target protein was performed using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software, out of these 19 ligands were selected for redocking using PyRx to validate MOE results and to determine the best ligand-protein interaction energies. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed on best 7 docked complexes by NAMD/VMD to determine the stability of the ligand-protein complex. Out of the thirty drug agents, 6 ligands do not follow the Lipinski rule of drug likeliness by violating two or more rules while remaining 24 obey the rules and included for the downstream analysis. We found that Demethyloleoeuropein, Oleuropein, Rutin, Neuzhenide, Luteolin-7-rutinoside, Curcumin and Tetrehydrocurcumin gave best docking score and form much stable complexes during simulation. Our predictions suggest that these ligands have the potential inhibitory effects on Mpro of SARS-nCoV2, so, these herbal plants would be helpful in harnessing COVID-19 infection as home remedy with no serious known side effects. Further, in-vivo experimental studies are needed to validate the inhibitory properties of these compounds against the current and other target proteins in SARS-nCoV2.

Advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, their cost effectiveness and well-developed pipelines using computational tools/softwares has allowed researchers to reveal ground-breaking discoveries in multi-omics data analysis. However, there is still uncertainty due to massive upsurge in parallel tools and difficulty in choosing best practiced pipeline for expression profiling of RNA sequenced (RNA-seq) data. Here, we detail the optimized pipeline that works at a fast pace with enhanced accuracy on personal computer rather than using cloud or high-performance computing clusters (HPC). The steps include quality check, base filtration, quasi-mapping, quantification of samples, estimation and counting of transcript/gene expression abundances, identification and clustering of differentially expressed features and visualization of the data. The tools FastQC, Trimmomatic, Salmon and some other scripts in Trinity toolkit were applied on two paired-end datasets. An extension of this pipeline may also be formulated in future for the gene ontology enrichment analysis and functional annotation of the differential expression matrix to make this data biologically more significant.

Whole genome pooled sequence data of 12 Pakistani Teddy goats is analyzed for positive selection signatures as their breed defining characteristics. Selection imprints left in the Teddy genome are unveiled by genomic differentiation after the successful paired-end alignment of 635,357,043 reads with (ARS1) reference genome assembly. Pooled-heterozygosity ( ) and Tajima’s D (TD) are applied for validation and getting better hits of selection signals, while pairwise FST statistics is conducted on Teddy vs. Bezoar (wild goat ancestor) for genomic differentiation. Annotation of regions under positive selection reveals 59 genes underlying production and adaptive traits. score ≥ 5 detected six windows having highest scores on Chr. 29, 9, 25, 15 and 14 that harbor HRASLS5, LACE1 and AXIN1 genes which are candidate for embryonic development, lactation and body height. Secondly, TD value of ≤ -2.2 showed 4 windows with very strong hits on Chr.5 & 9 harbor STIM1 and ADM genes related to body mass and weight. Lastly, FST analysis generated three strong signals with threshold ≤ 0.42 on Chr.12 & 5 harbor ITGB1 gene associated with milk production & lactation traits. Other significant selection signatures encompass genes associated with wool production, prolificacy, immunity and coat colors. In brief, this study identified the genes under selection in this Pakistani goat breed that will be helpful to refining future breeding policies and converging required productive traits within and across other goat breeds and to explore full genetic potential of this valued livestock species.

One of the main reasons of rapidly growing cases of COVID-19 pandemic is the unavailability of approved therapeutic agents. Therefore, it is urgently required to find out the best drug/vaccine by all means. Aim of the current study is to test the anti-viral drug potential of many of the available olive and turmeric compounds that can be used as potential inhibitors against one of the target proteins of SARS-nCoV2 named Main protease (Mpro/3clpro). Molecular docking of thirty olive and turmeric compounds with target protein was performed using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software to determine the best ligand-protein interaction energies. The structural information of the viral target protein M pro/3CL pro and ligands were taken from PDB and PubChem database respectively. Out of the thirty drug agents, 6 ligands do not follow the Lipinski rule of drug likeliness by violating two or more rules while remaining 24 obey the rules and included for the downstream analysis. Ten ligands from olive and four from turmeric gave the best lowest binding energies, which are Neuzhenide, Rutin, Demethyloleoeuropein, Oleuropein, Luteolin-7-rutinoside, Ligstroside, Verbascoside, Luteolin-7-glucoside, Cosmosin, Curcumin, Tetrehydrocurcumin, Luteolin-4'-o-glucoside, Demethoxycurcumin and Bidemethoxycurcumin with docking scores of -10.91, -9.49, -9.48, -9.21, -9.18, -8.72, -8.51, -7.68, -7.67, -7.65, -7.42, -7.25, -7.02 and - 6.77 kcal/mol respectively. Our predictions suggest that these ligands have the potential inhibitory effects of M pro of SARS-nCoV2, so, these herbal plants would be helpful in harnessing COVID-19 infection as home remedy with no serious known side effects. Further, in-silico MD simulations and in-vivo experimental studies are needed to validate the inhibitory properties of these compounds against the current and other target proteins in SARS-nCoV2.

Context: Pairwise sequence alignment is one of the ways to arrange two biological sequences to identify regions of resemblance that may suggest the functional, structural, and/or evolutionary relationship (proteins or nucleic acids) between the sequences. There are two strategies in pairwise sequence alignment: Local sequence Alignment (Smith-waterman algorithm) and Global sequence Alignment (Needleman-Wunsch algorithm). In local sequence alignment, two sequences that may or may not be related are aligned to find regions of local similarities in large sequences whereas in global sequence alignment, two sequences same in length are aligned to identify conserved regions. Similarities and divergence between biological sequences identified by sequence alignment also have to be rationalized and visualized in the sense of phylogenetic trees. The phylogenetic tree construction methods are divided into distance-based and character-based methods. Evidence Acquisition: In this article, different algorithms of sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction were studied with examples and compared to establish the best among them to look into background of these methods for the better understanding of computational phylogenetics.Conclusions: Pairwise sequence alignment is a very important part of bioinformatics to compare biological sequences to find similarities among them. The alignment data is visualized through phylogenetic tree diagram that shows evolutionary history among organisms. Phylogenetic tree is constructed through various methods some are easier but does not provide accurate evolutionary data whereas others provide accurate evolutionary distance among organism but are computationally exhaustive.

Emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in 8,578,283 total cases and 456,286 deaths worldwide as of June 19, 2020. We previously analysed genomic variants in two Northern Pakistani SARS-nCoV2 strains against USA and Chinese strains as reference, and hypothesized the putative role of observed variants in low severity of COVID-19 in Pakistan. Due to high variation rate in this virus, we further analysed the whole genome of Southern Pakistani SARS-nCoV2 MT500122 strain (Karachi-Pak) vs NC_045512 (Wuhan1-China) and observed 4 variants (3=SNPs,1=del). Three of variants at g.1604 (del ND447N), SNPs at g.1912 (p.=), g.10582 (p.=) and g.26022 (p.=) in ORF1ab and ORF3a genes respectively. ORF1ab encodes 16 non-structural polyproteins (nsps1-16) and plays role in viral replication. The codon change deletion in its sequence (as observed in MT500122) might have caused conformational alterations particularly in nsp2&5 structures which may obstruct its effectiveness. ORF3a is unique to SARS-nCoV2 and located in-between envelope and spike genes, which assist viral entry into the host cell by interacting with S gene. Alteration in its sequence might have hampered the activation of S gene and affect its binding capacity to host cell ACE2 and NRP1 receptors, which may greatly weaken its pathogenicity in its different strains and hence may vary severity of COVID-19. Nevertheless, intensive data and conclusive wet lab experiments are needed for validating this postulated hypothesis. Moreover, these variants have modifier to silent impact on further 9 genes e.g. M, N, S, E, ORFs 6, 7a, 7b, 8 and 10 as well. Advancements in understanding the role of these Pakistani SARS-nCoV2 genomic variations will be helpful in developing indigenous vaccines, diagnostic kits and drug development.

This work investigates some feasible regions for the existence of traversable wormhole geometries in $f(R,G)$ gravity, where $R$ and $G$ represent the Ricci scalar and the Gauss-Bonnet invariant respectively. Three different matter contents anisotropic fluid, isotropic fluid and barotropic fluid have been considered for the analysis. Moreover, we split $f(R,G)$ gravity model into Strobinsky like $f(R)$ model and a power law $f(G)$ model to explore wormhole geometries. We select red-shift and shape functions which are suitable for the existence of wormhole solutions for the chosen $f(R,G)$ gravity model. It has been analyzed with the graphical evolution that the null energy and weak energy conditions for the effective energy-momentum tensor are usually violated for the ordinary matter content. However, some small feasible regions for the existence of wormhole solutions have been found where the energy conditions are not violated. The overall analysis confirms the existence of the wormhole geometries in $f(R,G)$ gravity under some reasonable circumstances.

Initially submitted 784 SARS-nCoV2 whole genome sequences on NCBI Virus database were selected for phylogenetic analysis to look into their similarities with two of Pakistani sequenced coronavirus strains having accessions of MT240479 and MT262993. The MT240479 named (Gilgit1-Pak) was found in close proximity to MT184913 named (CruiseA-USA), while MT262993 named (Manga-Pak) was in neighboring to MT039887 named (WI-USA) strain, which were further chosen for variant calling analysis along with reference genome NC_045512 as out-group to construct concluding cladogram and looked for evolutionary distance with PAUP software in this article. Aforementioned Pakistani strains each of having 29,836 bases were compared with MT263429 (WI-USA) of 29,889 bases and MT259229 (Wuhan-P.R. China) of 29,864 bases. Whole genome variant calling pipeline revealed 31 variants in both Pakistani strains collectively (Manga-Pak vs USA having 2del & 7SNPs, while different from Chinese strain with 2del & 2SNPs, similarly Gilgit1-Pak vs USA having 10SNPs, while different from Chinese strains having 8SNPs). These variants harbour ORF1ab, ORF1a and N genes having their role is viral replication/translation, host innate immunity and viral capsid formation respectively. These novel variants may be one of the reasons for low mortality rate in Pakistan with 385 deaths as compared to USA with 63,871 and P.R. China with 4633 by May 01, 2020. However functional characterization of these variants and their integrations with other viral proteins including variability of human receptors (ACE2 & NRP1) may be the other reasons for unlikely COVID-19 statistics in Pakistan which need further confirmatory studies. Moreover, mutated N and ORF1a proteins in Pakistani strains were also analyzed by 3D structure modeling, which give another dimension of comparing these alterations at amino acid level. In a nutshell, these novel variants are correlated with reduced mortality of COVID-19 severity in Pakistan while more robust results can be obtained by wet lab experimentation. This also gives insight of genomic landscape of these indigenous strains to develop diagnostics kits, vaccines and therapeutic interventions.

In the current study, we discuss Gödel-type universe in [Formula: see text] gravity. Analysis has been done by considering anisotropic and perfect fluid distributions. Energy conditions for two proposed [Formula: see text] gravity models have been studied for suitable values of model parameters. Furthermore, Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation has been developed with cylindrical coordinates in [Formula: see text] gravity. The graphical analysis for both these models suggests that Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation is obeyed in a specific interval for the radial coordinate [Formula: see text]. A polytropic equation of state has been discussed for two [Formula: see text] gravity models. By analyzing the energy conditions, it is concluded that Gödel-type universe with both [Formula: see text] gravity models supports the expansion of the universe for certain range of radial coordinates.

Current study highlights the physical characteristics of charged anisotropic compact stars by exploring some exact solutions of modified field equations in $f(R,G)$ gravity. A comprehensive analysis is performed from the obtained solutions regarding stability, energy conditions, regularity, sound velocity and compactness. These solutions can be referred to model the compact celestial entities. In particular, a compact star named, $Her X-1$ has been modeled which indicates that current solution fits and is in conformity to the observational data as well. A useful and interesting fact from this model arises that relative difference between two forces of anisotropic pressure and electromagnetic force may occur inside the aforementioned compact star. This is another mechanism which is essential for stability of the compact object and prevent stellar object to annihilate., Comment: 18 pages, 29 figures, accepted for publication in IJMPD

Modified gravity is one of the potential candidates to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. Current study highlights the materialization of anisotropic compact stars in the context of $f(R,G)$ theory of gravity. In particular, to gain insight in the physical behavior of three stars namely, Her $X1$, SAX J $1808$-$3658$ and 4U $1820$-$30$, energy density, and radial and tangential pressures are calculated. The $f(R,G)$ gravity model is split into a Starobinsky like $f(R)$ model and a power law $f(G)$ model. The main feature of the work is a $3$-dimensional graphical analysis in which, anisotropic measurements, energy conditions and stability attributes of these stars are discussed. It is shown that all three stars behave as usual for positive values of $f(G)$ model parameter $n$., 21 pages, revised version, to appear in EPJC