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Given the limited scalability of dynamic analysis, static analysis, such as the use of Control Flow Graph (CFG)-based features, is widely used by machine learning algorithms for malware analysis and detection. However, recent studies have shown these approaches are susceptible to adversarial attacks by adding codes to the binaries with an intention to fool detection systems. This study proposes a malware detection system robust to adversarial attacks. We examine the performance of the state-of-the-art methods against adversarial IoT software crafted using the graph embedding and augmentation techniques; namely, we study the robustness of such methods against two black-box adversarial methods, GEA and SGEA, to generate Adversarial Examples (AEs) with reduced overhead, and keeping their practicality intact. Our comprehensive experimentation with GEA-based AEs show the relation between misclassification and the graph size of the injected sample. Upon optimization and with small perturbation, by use of SGEA, all IoT malware samples are misclassified as benign. This highlights the vulnerability of current detection systems under adversarial settings. With the landscape of possible adversarial attacks, we then propose DL-FHMC, a fine-grained hierarchical learning approach for malware detection and classification, that is robust to AEs with a capability to detect 88.52% of the malicious AEs.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury that occurs during the antenatal, perinatal, or early postnatal period is a significant diagnostic issue in both term and prematurely born neonates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been more widely available in recent years. Using databases such as PubMed and Embase, we searched the literature for all published publications in our field through until the end of 2022. As a result, he can assist medics in identifying whether the newborn's brain damage is to blame for its clinical condition, as well as contribute to determining the infant's future development prognosis. The goal of this study is to give current understanding of various forms of hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions based on our personal experience and MR pictures from the Institute of Mother and Child's Department of Diagnostic Imaging archives.

Renewable energy contributes to the building sector's current global transition towards a sustainable energy system. Several renewable energy sources and solar photovoltaic have sparked great interest in reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating global warming by harnessing the sun to power the energy. However, the exploitation of solar photovoltaic in an existing building requires various considerations with high uncertainty from the building owner. Thus, this study focuses on investigating determinant factors and their influence on the decision of solar photovoltaic implementation to ensure its success and efficiency. For this purpose, an extensive literature review conducted for the establishment of criteria. Then, a questionnaire survey was designed; and with the help of various stakeholders, consists of green building certified professionals to support the process in choosing the determinant factors. The outcome of the analysis from Exploratory Analysis of Principal Component Analysis with Varimax Rotation reveals that solar photovoltaic implementation is affected by economic, management, environmental, and technical factors. Optimizing the factors discussed in this paper provides insight into adopting renewable sources effectively. This paper also contributed to building knowledge to facilitate more research on factors in implementing solar photovoltaic projects in the future.

This research study addresses the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence on the right established for a wife in her husband’s property that is disputed by them both, especially after termination of their marital relationship. The research problem lies in that many women, upon their separation from their husbands, believe that their husbands’ financial welfare was only a result of their own assistance in undertaking marital responsibilities. This research study attempts to answer the question raised in such cases: What are the rights established for women against their husband in case they claim so?. The study seeks to highlight the objectives of the Shar?‘?h behind marriage and legalization of divorce, and to illustrate the established as a woman’s right in her husband’s property which she should have shared with him or substituted him in managing, through different considerations. The significance of the study lies in the emergent need for investigating it due to contemporary occurrences. This study builds on a descriptive and deductive comparative approach, along with a referential and applied method based on the juristic maxims and Shar?‘?h objectives, drawing only on preponderant legal opinions; outweighed views and their proofs are not mentioned in this study.

There are rising voices at present calling for the wife’s sharing ownership of her husband’s property that is earned during their marital relationship, on the premise that such property is earned due to the mutual effort of both spouses, with the wife carrying out house chores and thus allowing the husband time to work, or with both having jobs and contributing to the welfare of the family and maximizing their property. Some countries legalized such matrimonial property, binding the husband to share with his wife whatever he earns during their marital relationship. In this study, I examined the corroborating proofs of such a stance and concluded that each spouse is independent in terms of ownership, wealth, income, and disposal. I also concluded that financial transactions between the spouses are liable to legal rulings on financial transactions in general and that if the two spouses dispute the ownership of any property, the claimant is bound to prove the validity of such a claim.

This study examines the issue of matrimonial property when a spouse claims a share of the other's wealth in cases of divorce, death, or husband's second marriage. That is different from other rights entailed by the marriage contract like nafaqah (alimony), mut‘ah (post-divorce gift) and both prompt and deferred parts of the dower (muqaddam al-?adaq wa mu'akharuh). Studying this issue in light of ‘urf (custom), al-ma??lih al-mursalah (public interest) and al-m'?l?t (consequences), I found that these types of evidence or Ijtihad instruments do not establish this financial right for any one of the spouses. The financial rights secured by Shari‘ah during spouses' life by virtue of the marriage contract, or after they pass away through inheritance, are not matched by any positive law. Therefore, Muslims do not need such legislations that do not bring any real interest for spouses but rather result in numerous harms.

This research paper discusses the jurisprudence of reality and the reality of legalizing matrimonial property, along with expected familial problems upon application of matrimonial property. It concludes that it is prohibited to legalize or codify matrimonial property. The necessity of establishing research centers that follow the fatwa institutions or academies. It is no longer sufficient for understanding reality to follow up on social, historical, political, and possibly economic and medical studies subject to jurisprudence research. Rather, it has gone beyond that into the necessity of engaging realistic critical study.

The field that will be discussed here is a giant heterogeneous carbonate field which is located in the Arabian Gulf approximately 135 km north-west of Abu Dhabi. The field consist of multi-stacked heterogenous reservoirs. The reservoir T is the shallowest reservoir which is still undeveloped and measures 9 km by 11.5 km, with OOIP estimated in 2.3 BSTB. The reservoir is sub divided into 2 layers with the gravity 35 °API oil with initial gas oil ratio of about 350 scf/STB. The reservoir pressure is 2,700 psi and the wells could not flow naturally due to low productivity and relatively low GOR against the high sealine pressure of more than 1,100 psi. There are only couple of solutions to produce these from this reservoir; either to lower the sealine or introduce "artificial lift". The wellhead towers in the field are old and don't have luxury of either gas lift or ESPs. A detailed and comprehensive study was performed, and a collaborative team of engineers was assigned to find a sustainable and cost-effective solution to produce reservoir "T" in order to evaluate its potential. The team conducted a detailed and comprehensive study of the field starting from reservoir "T" and then expanded to the other reservoirs. As a result, the proposal of an "In-Situ Gas Lift" (Auto Gas Lift) pilot was formulated to use gas from the reservoir "C" (underlying reservoir T) to lighten and artificially lift the oil produced from reservoir T. Auto Gas Lift (AGL) was selected due to the following advantages: Cost-effective artificial lift system.No surface modifications required on the wellhead towers.No additional pipeline to be laid. The completion has been designed in a way that the gas bearing zone will be perforated and DIAL system which enhances the efficiency of gas lift through downhole data monitoring and digital operations will be installed. Dial system will allow to adjust the downhole choke any time accordingly with the minimum power and footprint requirement at surface. The controlled produced gas will allow reservoir T to flow by reducing the hydrostatic head of the fluid column in the well. As the reservoir is subdivided into 2 layers so, the 2 drains will be drilled in each layer and their contribution will be controlled by inflow control valves (ICVs) which be equipped against each drain in upper completion. This will also allow us to flow the drains either one-by one or control commingled. But the ICVs manipulation could only be done with the portable unit with barge. Till date the artificial lift has not been implemented in the field, however ESPs will be installed and followed by the gas lift. The data gathering with AGL will help us designing the full fledge gas lift system in the field.