Search

Background and objective: Internationally, the eighth leading cause of death among young males is attributed to road accidents, as yearly a million and three-quarters of people die which became a series public of health concerns in developing countries. This study aimed at determining the pattern and outcomes of hospitalized road traffic accidents in Erbil city. Methods: This prospective hospital-based study was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021, at RozhHalat and RozhAwa Emergency governmental hospitals in Erbil, Iraq. Data was collected for one complete year and the admitted cases in the year had been included. Which was composed of 2225 road traffic accident victims. A specially designed questionnaire was used to collect the data using direct face-to-face interviews. Results: 2225 victims were obtained in both Emergency hospitals 1835 (82.5%) of them were males, 390 (17.5%) were females, and the mean age±SD was (24.7±15.1) years old. The death rate from road traffic accidents was 250 (18%). Nearly one-third of 689 (31%) of victims were at aged (20-29), the highest pattern rate of 1221 (54.9%) was among drivers, and on motorcycles 883 (39.7%) had the highest reported victims rate, occurred at rush hours (5-7 pm). During Summer season 681 (30.6%), at daylights 1608 (72.3%). With P

An innovative approach is proposed to improve capacity performance by including dynamic reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (DRIS) in the downlink (DL) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) power domain (PD) systems with massive multiple-input, multiple-output) (mMIMO) in the setting of 6G wireless networks. To guarantee the system's best performance in different scenarios, we used a unique optimization approach to distribute power among users efficiently using the water-filling algorithm. Analysis of the influence of different deployment densities of static, and DRIS on the performance of the system is presented in this paper. The effect on the effective area spectral efficiency (EASE), and the ability of RIS to reduce latency and handle higher user loads are also discussed. The paper also demonstrates practical 6G configurations, including 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (256-QAM), channel state information (CSI), and successive interference cancellation (SIC). The results indicate that including DRIS in the mMIMO DL NOMA PD system significantly boosts capacity, and EASE while decreasing latency. Implementing logarithmic water filling has proven to be a highly effective method for distributing power location to maximize the capabilities of suggested systems. These results establish crucial information for enhancing future wireless communication systems, and in agreement with the estimated equation, the Monte Carlo results show that our work is accurate and reliable. Integrating the DRIS with four distinct user groups (4, 8, 16, and 32) improves the system's capacity performance by 25%, 25.01%, 25.02%, and 25.03% respectively, compared to the performance conventional static RIS that applied in other related works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey explores optimal resource allocation methods to enhance the efficiency of flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs). Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are widely deployed in military and civilian applications, necessitating effective coordination and communication to overcome challenges. FANETs facilitate wireless communication among UAVs, improving coordination and information exchange in environments lacking traditional networks. The dynamic mobility of UAVs introduces unique considerations for network design and connectivity, distinguishing FANETs from conventional ad-hoc networks. This survey reviews various optimization techniques, including genetic algorithms, ant colony optimization, and artificial neural networks, which optimize resource allocation by considering mission requirements, network topology, and energy constraints. The paper also discusses the critical role of intelligent algorithms in enhancing network energy management, quality of service (QoS), maximizing resource allocation, and optimizing overall performance. The systematic literature review categorizes resource allocation strategies based on performance optimization criteria and summarizes their strengths, weaknesses, and applications. This survey highlights the potential of FANETs to revolutionize various industries and unlock new opportunities for UAV-based applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a retrospective analysis of annual reports on occupational injuries issued by the national social insurance agency of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for the years 2004 through 2016. For each criterion we calculated an index based on the equation NY/Nref x100, where NY is the number of occupational injuries by a specific criterion in a specific year Y, and Nref is the number of injuries in the corresponding criterion in the reference year, i.e. 2004. We also calculated the number of injuries to number of workers ratio (Ni/Nw) for different occupations and economic sectors to get a clearer idea of the injury trends per worker. In terms of occupational injury rates (with respect to 2004), we observed increases in construction, financing & real estate (economic sectors), among engineers and technicians (occupations), in infections and secondary contusions (injury type), for upper and lower limbs (affected body parts), over falls and “other” causes. Most injuries occurred on Fridays, which is a weekend day in Saudi Arabia. We also observed increased recovery without disability (injury status). However, if we look at the number of occupational injuries per worker, we can see a decreasing trend over time for all occupations and economic sectors, most likely thanks to improved labour law and safety at work practices for insured workers. Our findings are similar to reports from other Persian Gulf countries and reflect current labour health and safety issues in the area.