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Amidst the growing concerns over climate change and the push towards a sustainable future, hydrogen production has emerged as a promising solution with the potential to not only transform the energy sector but also revolutionize the global economy. Hydrogen is currently being produced in a number of ways using renewable and non-renewable sources as fuel. This research article investigates the economic feasibility of hydrogen energy generation as a potential solution for sustainable energy production. The economics of eight different hydrogen production methods are analyzed using hybrid Entropy based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. For a versatile and well-rounded analysis, weights for each of the alternatives were computed using weighted entropy which was then used as input in three different MCDM techniques namely TOPSIS, VIKOR, and MultiMOORA. The results from each of the analyses suggest Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons (POX) followed by Coal Gasification (CG) as the best alternatives for the generation of Hydrogen which confer with the findings in the literature. The versatile methodology used provides a robust preferential analysis with the potential to the addition of more criteria for analysis as the determination of the cost of hydrogen as a fuel is a complex issue influenced by numerous factors. [Display omitted] • Analysis of eight different Hydrogen production methods using three Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. • Economic, environmental and economic factors were analyzed using the MCDM methods. • Weighed Entropy method was used for the computation of weights and used as inputs in TOPSIS, VIKOR and MultiMOORA. • The results indicate that Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons is the optimal method for Hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elevated level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the troposphere is playing a crucial role in changing the earth's climatic system. Excess CO2 concentration is trapping a substantial proportion of heat imparting adverse range of environmental effects like extreme weather events, agricultural impacts and disruption of the ecosystem. Strategies such as CO2 capturing and storage are being pursued using polyoxometalates (POMs) to mitigate the elevated level of CO2 and their efficient conversion into useful chemicals. This review outlines the importance of CO2 reduction by electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reduction of CO2. POMs have several advantages for CO2 activation because of their promising catalytic activity, high selectivity and versatility for incorporating different metal ions and ligands. The efficient redox active metal center facilitates the conversion of CO2 by providing sufficient activation energy. Their robust structure also enables them resist harsh conditions, including high temperature and acidic or basic conditions. Owing to these properties, POMs can be a catalyst, co‐catalyst, photosensitizer or multielectron donor for CO2 reduction. Finally, we stated the challenges and future insight for CO2 activation using POMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium and lithium-like elements look like hydrogen atoms if their two electrons and the nucleus are considered as having a core around which a single electron is orbiting. The energy and radii expressions for hydrogen atoms can be used for lithium and lithium-like elements; an important modification is introducing an effective principal quantum number. The effective principal quantum number differs from the principal quantum number of hydrogen by the quantum defect. The quantum defect has respective values for various levels of lithium and lithium-like ions. In this study, we used extended Ritz formulas to calculate quantum defects required to calculate the energies of the ns, np, nd, and nf series up to n < 31. Using these energies, we calculated transition probabilities and then the lifetimes of the lithium levels. The lifetimes were compared with the available published data; an excellent agreement was noticed. The work also extended the available list of lifetimes to higher quantum numbers. Forty lifetimes are newly calculated and presented for the first time. A polynomial formula for each of the ns, np, nd, and nf series lifetimes has been developed that fits well the lifetime values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highcarrier concentration and low mobility in Bi2Se3 hide thetopological surface states (TSS). In the 2D ternary topological insulator (TI) Bi2–xSbxSe3,compensatory Sb doping regulates the carrier concentration and mobility withambipolar performance, together with the ultrathin thickness; these factorsmake the TSS in the 2D ternary TI Bi2–xSbxSe3 more observable. Here, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is provided for synthesizing ultrathin Sb‐doped Bi2Se3 nanoplates with dimensions of 2–126 nm in thickness, 3–100 µm in lateral size, and an average Sb doping ranging from 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.75. Bi2–xSbxSe3 field effect transistors and Hall devices are manufactured to determine the carrier concentration and mobility of the obtained Bi2–xSbxSe3 nanoplates. These findings demonstrate that the 2D carrier concentration for Bi2–xSbxSe3 nanoplates can decrease up to 1.6 × 1012 cm–2. Furthermore, field‐effect mobility and Hall mobility of up to 3411 cm2 V–1s–1 and 6462 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively, are realized. A strong ambipolar field effect is found in low‐carrier‐density Bi2–xSbxSe3 nanoplates, proving that these nanostructures may be freely controlled in terms of carrier type and concentration. The synthesis of high‐quality Bi2–xSbxSe3 nanoplates with low‐carrier concentration and high‐mobility provides a platform for investigating TI characteristics more clearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Xanthan gum can be utilised to overcome the structural defects in alginate microbeads and to improve the stability of microbeads under harsh conditions, that is, high acidic pH and homogenisation speeds. Present study was conducted to assess the survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG using alginate (1.5% w/v) and xanthan gum (0.5% w/v) for encapsulation and structural modifications of microbeads. Homogenisation emulsion technique was used for encapsulation at various homogenisation speeds, that is, 3000 rpm (HS1), 6000 rpm (HS2), 9000 rpm (HS3) and 12 000 rpm (HS4). The resultant microbeads were characterised for diameter, beads yield, structural morphology using the scanning electron microscopy, probiotic count, bacterial survival, storage stability and homogenisation efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the beads produced at 12 000 rpm are more uniform, spherical in shape and have large surface area when compared with the other treatment groups. The diameter of microbeads was reduced from 323.1 to 238.2 μm as the homogenisation speed increased from 3000 to 12 000 rpm. The highest bacterial count (i.e., 9.45 log CFU g−1), homogenisation efficiency (91.6%), beads yield (23.0%), survivability (86.5%) and storage stability (9.84 to 7.90 log CFU g−1) were recorded at 12 000 rpm (HS4). Conclusively, the homogenised encapsulated microbeads at 12 000 rpm significantly improved the beads surface and sphericity, and bacterial survivability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse design strategies for nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have aided the development of efficient indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for Internet‐of‐things‐enabled gadgets. However, the side‐chain approach to Y‐series NFAs for fabricating indoor OPVs remains largely unexplored. In this study, the synthesis and photovoltaic characteristics of two side‐chain engineered NFAs with halogenated end‐groups (BTP‐PO‐4F and BTP‐PO‐4Cl) are investigated. NFAs with a Y6 core unit are modified with butyloctyl inner side chains and ethylhexyloxynaphthyl outer side chains. The extended conjugation moiety contributed to red‐shifted absorption, with the chlorination effect presenting a more pronounced influence than fluorination. Further, the outer moiety introduced a slight electron‐withdrawing effect on the Y6 core unit, resulting in energy‐level downshifts. An excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.2% is achieved in fluorinated OPVs under a light‐emitting diode lamp (1000 lux). Moreover, integrating the Y6 NFA into the binary blend further enhanced the PCE, reaching 28.3% in PM6:Y6:halogenated NFA ternary OPVs. The panchromatic absorption, high crystallinity, and cascaded energy levels of the ternary blends contribute to achieving a sufficient spectral match and suppress trap‐assisted recombination, ultimately fostering a substantially enhanced fill factor and PCEs under indoor lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating the execution time of assembly task sequences of a new geometric model is an essential prerequisite for task allocation and resource planning decisions in smart multi-robotic assembly cells. This paper discusses an optimization-based method to estimate the execution time of a full sequence of assembly tasks, including picking, aligning, and insertion. Task descriptions, joint space trajectories, assembly task-related motions, and process conditions are used as inputs for the method. The required descriptions of assembly tasks are parametrized, and the resulting function is then combined with the process conditions, assembly task-relevant motions, and the capabilities of the resources in the robotic assembly cell to estimate the execution times. The advantage of the method is the possibility of determining the execution time of an assembly task, taking into account the capabilities of the robot, before assigning it to the multi-robot assembly station. The proposed method is demonstrated experimentally by using a CAD model with the information of Fanuc robot CR7iA/L. The method is implemented in MATLAB using AMPL-API and tested. To determine its effectiveness, the outcomes of the proposed method are compared to the values of the 3-D Fanuc Roboguide (RG). Finally, further research steps to improve the accuracy of the total time for the entire assembly sequence are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water contamination with synthetic dyes is an escalating problem worldwide. Herein, Co3O4-decorated reduced graphene oxide (Co3O4-rGO) is reported as an effective heterogeneous photocatalyst for the decomposition of organic dyes. The synthesis of Co3O4-rGO was confirmed via spectroscopic techniques including XRD, XPS, TEM, and FTIR. After characterization, the prepared Co3O4-rGO composite was tested as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange. The photocatalytic efficiency of Co3O4-rGO was >95% after 60 min, corresponding to 200 mg/L as the initial concentration of each dye. The photodegradation of MB and MO was confirmed by BOD and COD measurements. Experimental parameters like the re-usability of Co3O4-rGO, the effect of catalyst dosage, and the effect of dye concentration on photocatalytic activity were also investigated. The photocatalytic activity of Co3O4-rGO for the degradation of MB was 2.13 and 3.43 times higher than that of Co3O4 and rGO, respectively. Similarly, the photocatalytic activity of Co3O4-rGO for the degradation of MO was 2.36 and 3.56 times higher than that of Co3O4 and rGO, respectively. Hence, Co3O4-rGO was found to be an efficient and reusable photocatalyst for the decomposition of selected dyes in the aqueous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Possibility neutrosophic hypersoft set is the generalisation of possibility neutrosophic soft set, and it is the blend of possibility neutrosophic set and hypersoft set. It tackles the insufficiencies of possibility intuitionistic fuzzy set and soft set for the entitlement of degree of indeterminacy and multi-argument approximate function, respectively. This kind of function maps the sub-parametric tuples to the power set of universe. It emphasises the partitioning of each attribute into its attribute-valued set that is missing in the existing fuzzy soft set-like structures. These features make it a completely new mathematical tool for solving problems dealing with uncertainties. This makes the decision-making process more flexible and reliable. This research aims to initiate a novel structure that hybridises the possibility neutrosophic set with the hypersoft set for dealing with uncertainties efficiently. Therefore, the possibility neutrosophic hypersoft set is developed by employing theoretic, axiomatic, graphical and algorithmic approaches. After conceptual characterisation of its essential elementary notions, decision-support systems are presented based on AND and OR operations with the proposal of algorithms to assist the decision-making process. Similarity measures between possibility neutrosophic hypersoft sets are elaborated with the support of daily life applications. The comparison of the proposed work is discussed with the existing relevant models under certain evaluating features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human resource management is the process of making a company's human resources decisions. In general, these decisions include hiring, firing, training, and developing people according to their positions and the needs of the organization. It includes a variety of policies and strategies designed to recognize the contribution that people make to an organization. The core goal of this article is to depict a novel fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology for selecting employees. The purpose behind selecting employees is to identify and hire individuals who possess the required skills, qualifications, and attributes that align with the organization's goals and job requirements. To reflect an inadequate assessment, ambiguity, and anxiety in making choices, the intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft expert set is an extension of the intuitionistic fuzzy soft expert and hypersoft sets. It is a novel approach to decisions and intelligent computing in the face of uncertainty. The intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft expert set has a better ability to handle ambiguous and unclear data. In the research that follows, the ideas and characteristics of the correlation coefficient and the weighted correlation coefficient of the intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft expert sets are proposed. Under the aegis of intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft expert sets, a TOPSIS based on correlation coefficients and weighted correlation coefficients is introduced. Aside from that, we also covered aggregation operators, including intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft weighted geometric operators. The decision-making process is suggested in an intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft expert environment to resolve uncertain and ambiguous information, relying on the well-established TOPSIS approach and aggregation operators. An illustration of decision-making challenges shows how the suggested algorithm can be used. The efficacy of this strategy is lastly demonstrated by comparing its benefits, effectiveness, flexibility, and numerous current studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is designed to explore the therapeutic effect of chia seed oil (CSO) based ice cream against Coronary heart disease (CHD). CSO based ice cream is developed by using different concentrations of CSO (G2 3%, G3 5%, and G4 7%). The incorporation of CSO improves the DPPH activity of ice cream along with the betterment in the level of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid contet (TFC) without affecting the sensory attributes. The bio‐evaluation trials are carried out on male Wister rats by feeding them with CSO based ice cream for 45 days. Blood serum of rats is taken and analyzed after 0, 15, 30, and 45 day intervals for the determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). The results show a significant (p < 0.05) decrease (51%) in TG level in G3 (109.88–104.74 mg dL−1). HDL level is increased (25.23–35.78 mg dL−1) and LDL level decreases (29.19–23.18 mg dL−1) for all the groups. It can be concluded that CSO based ice cream has therapeutic effect to improve the incidence of CHD and to better improve the serum lipid profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this survey was to determine the burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain, its association with sociodemographic factors and disability in the semi‐urban community of Nain‐Sukh, Lahore. Methods: The current article's data is taken from the COPCORD survey conducted in the community of Nain‐Sukh. After formal IRB approval, data collection was done via interview by a trained team using validated Urdu translation of COPCORD core questionnaires. Participants of both genders, >16 years, were enrolled through a random walk and quota sampling. In phase 1, sociodemographic factors were recorded. In phase 2, the impact of MSK pain on functional disability was assessed by the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ). The data was compiled and analyzed using software SPSS version 25. The Chi‐square test was applied to determine association while generalized linear regression models to see the dependence of sociodemographic factors and MSK pain. Results: Out of 4922 participants, 1425 (28.9%) had MSK pain, with a mean age of 35 ± 14 years, with female predominance. Illiteracy, marital status, and household work with moderate intensity were significantly associated with MSK pain. Based on the MHAQ score, the majority 769 (82.9%) had a mild disability. Odds of advancing age, illiteracy, and moderate intensity of work were statistically significant for MSK pain. Conclusion: Every fourth subject in the surveyed population had MSK pain. Musculoskeletal pain was found to be significantly associated with female gender, advancing age, household work, illiteracy, married status, and moderate nature of work. More than two‐thirds of the subjects with MSK pain had some degree of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality control is paramount in product manufacturing as it ensures consistent production to meet customer expectations, regulatory requirements and maintain a company's reputation and profitability. Distance measures within fuzzy sets serve as powerful tools for quality control, allowing for data comparison and identification of potential defects or outliers within a system. This study aims to develop a hybrid concept by combining a Cubic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (CIFS) with Soft Set (SS) and extending it to Cubic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypersoft Set (CIFHSS). CIFHSS enables handling multiple distinct attributes at the sub-attribute level within a cubic set environment. The concept includes operations like internal, partial internal, external, complement, direct sum, and product. Additionally, six distance metrics are defined within CIFHSS and applied to establish a quality control management system for industrial applications. The versatility of CIFHSS in quality control management stems from its ability to capture and model uncertainty, vagueness, and imprecision in data. This makes it an effective tool for decision-making, risk analysis, and process optimization across a wide range of industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interval complex single-valued neutrosophic hypersoft set (Ξ-set), together with its features and set-theoretic operations, is a new mathematical structure that is discussed in this article. For managing ambiguous and uncertain knowledge, the suggested structure integrates the interval complex single-valued neutrosophic set and hypersoft set. These two elements have already been regarded as trustworthy settings. The first component has the ability to manage information on interval and periodic types, while the second offers a multi-argument domain for concurrent consideration of numerous sub-attributes. The Ξ-set is used to aggregate these sets, allowing for the fusion of various qualities and any related uncertainty. The resultant aggregated sets, which take into account both the attribute values and the associated uncertainty, give a thorough representation of the decision aspect. To assist in decision-making, the method calculates how similar several options are to the optimum option using a distance-based similarity metric. By contrasting the combined sets of several options, the system determines the best option based on the specified selection criteria. Decision-makers can evaluate how changing attribute values may influence their choices using the suggested strategy’s endorsement of sensitivity analysis. The efficacy of the recommended decision-support mechanism is demonstrated through a case study with a real-world choice dilemma. The results show how well the framework can handle ambiguity and uncertainty while providing decision-makers with meaningful insights and encouraging rational choices. Finally, the multi-attribute decision-support system based on aggregations of Ξ-set provides a reliable framework for dealing with difficult choice issues that are characterized by ambiguity and vagueness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the substitution of Mn in SrTiO3 is presented as an effective approach to develop functional ferromagnets with spin‐polarized semiconductive band dispersions. The task is performed with the full‐potential linearized augmented planewave (FP‐LAPW) approach based on density functional theory (DFT) as coded in WIEN2k. Exchange and correlation effects are taken into account using generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The strong hybridization between O‐2p and Mn‐3d is accountable for the origin of the semiconductive ferromagnetic ground state in Sr1−xMnxTiO3 (x = 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75%). Increase in Mn content in SrTiO3 crystal causes a significant increase in total magnetic moment values. The optical behavior is investigated by computing refractive index, optical conductivity, dielectric constant, absorption coefficient, and reflectivity within 0–10 eV energy range. Mn‐doped SrTiO3 shows maximum absorption in the ultraviolet region. The computed physical characteristics suggest a potential usage of Sr1−xMnxTiO3 in optoelectronic and magnetic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decade, many industrial and medical applications have shown a requirement for low-temperature-cooling usage (from −40 to −80 °C), which cannot be efficiently obtained via the conventional refrigeration systems usually employed for medium-temperature applications (from 0 to −40 °C). A proper ultra-low-temperature (ULT) refrigeration system design is essential to achieve the desired output. The performance can be maximised via the suitable selection of the configuration and refrigerant for a specific temperature range. This work contributes a detailed overview of the different systems and refrigerants used in ultra-low-temperature applications. Different systems, such as single-stage vapour compression, multi-stage, cascade, auto-cascade, and air refrigeration cycles, are presented and discussed. An energy analysis is then carried out for these systems identifying the optimal system design and refrigerant selection to achieve the highest performance. This paper aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive background through an exhaustive review of refrigeration systems suitable for ultra-low-temperature applications. The effectiveness of these systems is proven numerically, mainly based on the temperature level and purpose of the application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a new method for identifying radiation modifications in UHMWPE polymer samples. The method involves using a mathematical technique called fractional order differential transformation on IR spectra obtained through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. This new method was compared to existing techniques such as FTIR, XRD, and DSC, and it was found to be more sensitive and accurate in detecting radiation-induced changes in the polymer. The study focused on identifying changes in weak IR bands in the UHMWPE samples caused by gamma sterilization while simulating IR spectra using different orders of fractional derivatives and compared them to experimental spectra. It was found that applying a lower order of differentiation was more suitable for identifying radiation-induced changes in the UHMWPE samples. Using this method, they were able to identify specific changes in the gamma irradiated structure, such as the splitting of a single absorption peak into a doublet, which was only present in the 50 kGy irradiated sample. The study also used correlation index analysis, principal component analysis, and hierarchy cluster analysis to analyze the simulated and experimental spectra. These techniques allowed to confirm the effectiveness of the fractional order differential transformation method and to identify the specific regions of the IR spectra that were affected by radiation-induced changes in the UHMWPE samples. Overall, this study presents a new method for identifying radiation-induced changes in UHMWPE polymer samples that is more sensitive and accurate than existing techniques. By identifying these changes, researchers can better understand the effects of gamma sterilization on medical equipment and potentially develop new methods for sterilization that do not damage the equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides an innovative approach to neutrosophic algebraic structures by introducing a new structure called Neutrosophic Soft Cubic T-ideal (NSCTID), which combines T-ideal (TID) and Neutrosophic Soft Cubic Sets (NSCSs) within the framework of PS-Algebra. Within the already-existing neutrosophic cubic structures, the addition of soft sets with the characteristics of TID makes this structure more desirable. The theoretical development of the proposed structure includes the application of fundamental ideas as union, intersection, the Cartesian product, and homomorphism. We also introduce the notions of NSCTID-translation and NSCTID-multiplication to further enhance the structure of NSCTID. By applying the idea of translation and multiplication, we offer improved algorithm for neutrosophic cubic sets to deal with different parameters that are satisying the TID’s distinctive characteristics. Through this thorough research, we offer an elementary understanding of NSCTID and its capabilities, providing the way to new algebraic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extends the general understanding of the antecedents of academic dishonesty by examining what can happen when students are treated unjustly by teachers, a phenomenon referred to as teacher injustice. Based on Conservation of Resources theory (CoRT), the study investigates the mediating role of classroom connectedness and the moderating role of trait conscientiousness in the teacher injustice–academic dishonesty relationship. Self-report data were collected in three waves from Pakistani secondary school students to test the moderated-mediation model. Findings demonstrate that teacher injustice is positively related to academic dishonesty through classroom connectedness and that conscientiousness buffers the negative effects of teacher injustice on classroom connectedness. Given the results, this study suggests certain potentially effective measures to educational institutions to control the incidence of teacher injustice and cultivate conscientiousness in students. It also hopes to inspire future research, and advance education management theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for next‐generation batteries due to their unique properties such as high surface area, tuneable pore size, and composition. Objective: This review explored the comprehensive summary of MOF‐based electrode materials, their synthetic ways and applications for batteries. Methods: For example, solvothermal synthesis is commonly used for generating large MOF crystals, while hydrothermal synthesis is often used for synthesizing highly porous MOFs for energy storage devices. Herein, the synthetic strategies and applications of MOFs and their composites in batteries and supercapacitors are introduced. Results: Our findings demonstrate that MOFs have the potential to revolutionize the field of batteries and open new possibilities for designing next‐generation batteries with improved performance and safety. Conclusion: However, further research is needed to overcome the challenges and fully realize the potential of MOFs in batteries and it will contribute to forward advancement of pristine MOFs with excellent electrochemical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spine image analysis is based on the accurate segmentation and vertebrae recognition of the spine. Several deep learning models have been proposed for spine segmentation and vertebrae recognition, but they are very computationally demanding. In this research, a novel deep learning model is introduced for spine segmentation and vertebrae recognition using CT images. The proposed model works in two steps: (1) A cascaded hierarchical atrous spatial pyramid pooling residual attention U-Net (CHASPPRAU-Net), which is a modified version of U-Net, is used for the segmentation of the spine. Cascaded spatial pyramid pooling layers, along with residual blocks, are used for feature extraction, while the attention module is used for focusing on regions of interest. (2) A 3D mobile residual U-Net (MRU-Net) is used for vertebrae recognition. MobileNetv2 includes residual and attention modules to accurately extract features from the axial, sagittal, and coronal views of 3D spine images. The features from these three views are concatenated to form a 3D feature map. After that, a 3D deep learning model is used for vertebrae recognition. The VerSe 20 and VerSe 19 datasets were used to validate the proposed model. The model achieved more accurate results in spine segmentation and vertebrae recognition than the state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-known direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drug called daclatasvir may be used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Herein, we reported a selective, precise, and a cost-effective analytical method for the measurement of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of daclatasvir dihydrochloride in drug substances as well as drug products via the reversed-phase RP-HPLC technique. To obtain greater separation, the majority of the chromatographic conditions were improved. Best separation findings were achieved under chromatographic conditions with an HPLC column of USP L1 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) by utilizing a combination of acetonitrile and buffer solution of KH2PO4 (30 : 70, v/v) as a mobile phase at a stream rate of 1 mL.min−1 with a finding at 300 nm and a column temperature of 40°C. Linearity was examined in the range of 90–210 ppm (R2 = 0.999) for daclatasvir dihydrochloride. The new technique has been verified using industry-recognized criteria, including applicability, system precision, accuracy, robustness, specificity, range, linearity, quantification limit, reagent stability, and detection limit. All the measured metrics were determined to be within acceptable limits using the criteria of the Worldwide Council for Harmonisation (ICH). In pharmaceutical labs, daclatasvir dihydrochloride may be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the well-established RP-HPLC technique. Our study also highlights the need to evaluate the greenness of the method developed using a recognized tool ,i.e., Analytical Greenness Metrics (AGREE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the sustainable decomposition reactions of benzene using non-thermal plasma (NTP) in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The aim is to investigate the factors influencing benzene decomposition process, including input power, concentration, and residence time, through kinetic modeling, reactor performance assessment, and machine learning techniques. To further enhance the understanding and modeling of the decomposition process, the researchers determine the apparent decomposition rate constant, which is incorporated into a kinetic model using a novel theoretical plug flow reactor analogy model. The resulting reactor model is simulated using the ODE45 solver in MATLAB, with advanced machine learning algorithms and performance metrics such as RMSE, MSE, and MAE employed to improve accuracy. The analysis reveals that higher input discharge power and longer residence time result in increased tar analogue compound (TAC) decomposition. The results indicate that higher input discharge power leads to a significant improvement in the TAC decomposition rate, reaching 82.9%. The machine learning model achieved very good agreement with the experiments, showing a decomposition rate of 83.01%. The model flagged potential hotspots at 15% and 25% of the reactor's length, which is important in terms of engineering design of scaled-up reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk evaluation has always been of great interest for individuals wanting to invest in various businesses, especially in the marketing and product sale centres. A finely detailed evaluation of the risk factor can lead to better returns in terms of investment in a particular business. Considering this idea, this paper aims to evaluate the risk factor of investing in different nature of products in a supermarket for a better proportioning of investment based on the product's sales. This is achieved using novel Picture fuzzy Hypersoft Graphs. Picture Fuzzy Hypersoft set (PFHSs) is employed in this technique, a hybrid structure of Picture Fuzzy set and Hypersoft Set. These structures work best for evaluating uncertainty using membership, non-membership, neutral, and multi-argument functions, making them ideal for Risk Evaluation studies. Also, the concept of the PFHS graph with the help of the PFHS set is introduced with some operations like the cartesian product, composition, union, direct product, and lexicographic product. This method presented in the paper provides new insight into product sale risk analysis with a pictorial representation of its associated factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Susceptibility analysis is an intelligent technique that not only assists decision makers in assessing the suspected severity of any sort of brain tumour in a patient but also helps them diagnose and cure these tumours. This technique has been proven more useful in those developing countries where the available health-based and funding-based resources are limited. By employing set-based operations of an arithmetical model, namely fuzzy parameterised complex intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft set (FPCIFHSS), this study seeks to develop a robust multi-attribute decision support mechanism for appraising patients' susceptibility to brain tumours. The FPCIFHSS is regarded as more reliable and generalised for handling information-based uncertainties because its complex components and fuzzy parameterisation are designed to deal with the periodic nature of the data and dubious parameters (sub-parameters), respectively. In the proposed FPCIFHSS-susceptibility model, some suitable types of brain tumours are approximated with respect to the most relevant symptoms (parameters) based on the expert opinions of decision makers in terms of complex intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (CIFNs). After determining the fuzzy parameterised values of multi-argument-based tuples and converting the CIFNs into fuzzy values, the scores for such types of tumours are computed based on a core matrix which relates them with fuzzy parameterised multi-argument-based tuples. The sub-intervals within [0, 1] denote the susceptibility degrees of patients corresponding to these types of brain tumours. The susceptibility of patients is examined by observing the membership of score values in the sub-intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific progression has allowed researchers to develop novel and innovative ways to deal with uncertainty in data, allowing for the development of more precise and accurate data representation models. This paper aims to extend an already reported concept of Cubic Pythagorean fuzzy set to Cubic Pythagorean Fuzzy Soft Set (C P F S s) as it incorporates both interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy sets (IVPFS) and Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFS) at the same time, providing a more targeted approach to deal with uncertainty. This hybrid structure can better handle data in comparison to the ones in the literature by having the characteristics of PFS and soft sets, leading to a more targeted approach to handle attributes in decision-making studies. In this study, we defined various internals and externals of C P F S s , set operators, aggregation operators, and developed an algorithm based on distance measures for ( C P F S s ), which are applied in a disease diagnostic decision-making problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass has appeared as one of the most encouraging renewable energy sources for the replacement of fossil fuels. An extensive study about the prospective of biomass to produce renewable energy in Pakistan has been exhibited in this article, which takes into account Pakistan's current energy and future potential. A new generation of transformative energy conversion technologies has been developed, including chemical looping. This technique has the potential to control air pollution and clean fuel production, all of which have been major global challenges of this century. Through recent research, the study aims to aid in understanding of biomass-based chemical looping gasification and its development. CHP and CCHP systems are developed processes that produce power, heat, and cooling. Systems using fuel cells have greater efficiency, between 60 and 70%. Additionally, the SOFC-based power generating techniques are associated with the best electrical efficiency (67%). • In publications, adoption of chemical looping gasification for the production of clean fuel is primarily discussed. • For upcoming low-carbon applications, hydrogen is viewed as a possible energy carrier with a number of significant advantages. • Different biomass sources are taken into account for the production of high-quality syngas. • Layout of the integrated processes are shown with the help of figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanobiocatalysis is a new technique that blends biotechnology with nanotechnology to deliver exciting benefits in bioprocessing applications, such as increased enzyme activity, capacity, stability, and engineering performance. Immobilized enzymes are spatially confined in a particular location where they can keep their catalytic activity and be employed repeatedly. Recent breakthroughs in nano-biotechnology have opened several opportunities for embedding natural biocatalysts into a variety of nanostructures with different features. These nanoparticles (NPs) have additional properties that enzymes do not have in their native condition. Nanomaterials for enzyme delivery and novel catalytic structures with interplaying characteristics and functionality have propelled this field to new heights, with important biotechnological consequences in the coming years. The current review discusses advances in nanostructured materials, such as nanofibers, nanoporous carriers, hybrid nanoflowers, and nanocomposites, as carriers for the immobilization of various enzymes to build nanobiocatalysts with promising stability and activity, as well as current challenges and future trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An endeavor is consummate to study the steady mixed convection solute transfer in two‐dimensional viscous fluid. A joule heating incompressible flow along an inclined stretching cylinder and double stratification impact on Jeffrey Nanofluid is scrutinized. Acquired nanomaterial pattern comprises the phenomena of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. By applying rule of approximation transformation, the nonlinear PDEs converted into ODEs. Shooting via Newton Raphson technique is used to solve the ODE'S with boundary conditions into initial conditions, also applying Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique of fourth order for numerical purpose. Computation (−1/2Rex0.5Cfx)$(-1/2 Re_{x}^{0.5}C_{f_x })$ for skin friction, (−Nrθ′(0)$-N_{r}\theta ^{^{\prime }}(0)$) for Nusselt, and (−ϕ′(0))$(-\phi ^{^{\prime }}(0))$ for Sherwood number are fetched in table format by using mathematical software Matlab. The results reveal that M (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9), γ (0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 1.3), and α (0,π/4,π/3,5π/4)$(0, \pi /4, \pi /3, 5\pi /4)$ will increase (−1/2Rex0.5Cfx)$(-1/2 Re_{x}^{0.5}C_{f_x })$ upto 7.51, 8.55, and 10.27%, respectively. The behavior of Nt$N_t$ on −Nrθ′(0)$-N_{r}\theta ^{^{\prime }}(0)$ and (−ϕ′(0))$(-\phi ^{^{\prime }}(0))$ falling off upto 11.20 and 28.38%, respectively with the increase of Nt$N_t$, but in Nb$N_b$ shows opposite reaction on Sherwood number. It is culminated that (f′(η))$(f^{\prime }(\eta))$ for velocity augments with the value of Deborah number of four different sizes (0.8, 1.1, 1.4, and 1.7) upto 14.28, 16.6, and 20% while situation is reversed in case of magnetic factor (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9) upto 20, 28.12, and 39.13%. Effect of θ(η)$\theta (\eta)$ for temperature enhanced with the value of Brownian motion on (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6), about 16.66, 20, and 25%, respectively. The maximum effect percentage with radiation factor on θ(η)$\theta (\eta)$ is 39 and minimum percentage is 25.71. Eckert number on (− 4, 0, 4, 8) and thermophoresis on (−0.2,−0.1,0.1,0.2)$(-0.2, -0.1, 0.1, 0.2)$ diminished with pile‐up Prandtl number on (1.2, 1.5, 1.8, and 2.1). Impact of (ϕ(η))$(\phi (\eta))$ for concentration and local Sherwood number showed reverse situation on Schmidt number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a preliminary draft for initiating and commencing a new pioneer dimension of expression. To deal with higher-dimensional data or information flowing in this modern era of information technology and artificial intelligence, some innovative super algebraic structures are essential to be formulated. In this paper, we have introduced such matrices that have multiple layers and clusters of layers to portray multi-dimensional data or massively dispersed information of the plithogenic universe made up of numerous subjects their attributes, and sub-attributes. For grasping that field of parallel information, events, and realities flowing from the micro to the macro level of universes, we have constructed hypersoft and hyper-super-soft matrices in a Plithogenic Fuzzy environment. These Matrices classify the non-physical attributes by accumulating the physical subjects and further sort the physical subjects by accumulating their non-physical attributes. We presented them as Plithogenic Attributive Subjectively Whole Hyper-Super-Soft-Matrix (PASWHSS-Matrix) and Plithogenic Subjective Attributively Whole-Hyper-Super-Soft-Matrix (PSAWHSS-Matrix). Several types of views and level-layers of these matrices are described. In addition, some local aggregation operators for Plithogenic Fuzzy Hypersoft Set (PPFHS-Set) are developed. Finally, few applications of these matrices and operators are used as numerical examples of COVID-19 data structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, desulfurization of fuel oil has raised concern globally because of strict industrial and environmental legislations. Albeit hydrodesulfurization (HDS) has been extensively used in oil refineries to produce low sulfur oil (< 10 ppm) but not been proven as effective method for the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (TH) and their derivatives. Subsequently, adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) and oxidative desulfurization (ODS) methods have been developed to achieve high removal efficiency. In the past decade, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and its composites as oxidative catalysts, as well as adsorbents, have attracted the researchers owing to high surface area, tunable properties, and reusable. The present review comprises use of MOFs and their composites for the removal of sulfur from fuel oil via ODS and ADS processes. Additionally, physicochemical properties of MOFs, mechanism, pros and cons of both process, regeneration, and future challenges have been discussed briefly. Moreover, current limitations and future prospective are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although maize (Zea mays L.) crop has high production potential for forage and grain, however it requires efficient managerial practices for optimum yield. Adequate nutrients for optimum growth led to good vegetative and reproductive growth. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of two endogenous seed phosphorus (P); i.e. SLP: seed with low endogenous phosphorus (1.5 mg kg −1 seed dry weight), and SHP: seed with high endogenous phosphorus (3.2 mg kg −1 seed dry weight). Pre-categorized seeds were tested against five rates of exogenous soil P, namely, (1) control: no P (0 kg P ha −1); (2) 50 kg P ha −1; (3) 100 kg P ha −1; (4) 150 kg P ha −1; and (5) 200 kg P ha −1. Seeds having different P contents depicted non-prominent effects on accumulation patterns with few exceptions of P (at physiological maturity (R6) and of potassium (K) (at grain filling (R4) and R6); exogenous P expressed significant effects. Nitrogen (N), P, K, zinc (Zn), and boron (B) exhibited differential accumulation behavior during maize growth. Nitrogen expressed accumulation from tasseling (VT) to R4; however, P, K, Zn, and B depicted remobilization from VT to R6. Maximum accumulation efficiency of P (50.7%), Zn (46.9%), and B (51.4%) was observed from VT to R4 growth, whereas maximum response of K (60.3%) and N (21.8%) was witnessed from R4 to R6, representing variant source-sink capacities. Boron depicted greater remobilization under low exogenous P applications. Results suggest that exogenous P application severely affects nutrient accumulation during pre- and post-grain filling growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has shaken the entire world economy and affected millions of people in a brief period. COVID-19 has numerous overlapping symptoms with other upper respiratory conditions, making it hard for diagnosticians to diagnose correctly. Several mathematical models have been presented for its diagnosis and treatment. This article delivers a mathematical framework based on a novel agile fuzzy-like arrangement, namely, the complex fuzzy hypersoft (CFHS) set, which is a formation of the complex fuzzy (CF) set and the hypersoft set (an extension of soft set). First, the elementary theory of CFHS is developed, which considers the amplitude term (A-term) and the phase term (P-term) of the complex numbers simultaneously to tackle uncertainty, ambivalence, and mediocrity of data. In two components, this new fuzzy-like hybrid theory is versatile. First, it provides access to a broad spectrum of membership function values by broadening them to the unit circle on an Argand plane and incorporating an additional term, the P-term, to accommodate the data's periodic nature. Second, it categorizes the distinct attribute into corresponding sub-valued sets for better understanding. The CFHS set and CFHS -mapping with its inverse mapping (INM) can manage such issues. Our proposed framework is validated by a study establishing a link between COVID-19 symptoms and medicines. For the COVID-19 types, a table is constructed relying on the fuzzy interval of [ 0 , 1 ] . The computation is based on CFHS -mapping, which identifies the disease and selects the optimum medication correctly. Furthermore, a generalized CFHS -mapping is provided, which can help a specialist extract the patient's health record and predict how long it will take to overcome the infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the frequency of post-spinal anaesthesia hypotension occurring with co-loading versus pre-loading in patients undergoing caesarean section. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Sep 2020 to Mar 2021. Methodology: A total of 70 patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section and meeting the sample selection criteria were included. Patients with emergency procedures or a history of blood pressure disorders were excluded. Patients in Group-A underwent co-loading with ringer lactate, while patients in Group-B underwent pre-loading. All participants had their systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure measured at the time of anaesthesia induction and then at 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes post anaesthesia induction. Results: There was difference in mean systolic pressure at 10 and 15 minutes, p=0.001 and p=0.027, respectively. The difference in diastolic blood pressure was only significant at 10 minutes, p=0.001. While, mean arterial pressures were significantly higher at 10 and 15 minutes with co-loading, p<0.001 and p=0.019, respectively. Conclusion: Co-loading is associated with less frequency of post-spinal hypotension than pre-loading and may be employed as a standard practice pre-operatively with spinal anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new area of research called intuitionistic fuzzy soft expert set is expected to overcome the drawbacks of an intuitionistic fuzzy soft set in terms of eligibility for soft expert-argument approximate function. This type of function views the power set of the universe as its co-domain and the cartesian product of attributes, experts, and their opinions as its domain. The domain of this function is larger as compared to the domain of a soft approximation function. It can manage a situation in which several expert opinions are taken into account by a single model. For the soft expert-argument approximate function with intuitionistic fuzzy setting, concepts such as set inclusion, (α , v) -convexity(concave) sets, strongly (α , v) -convexity (concave) sets, strictly (α , v) -convexity (concave) sets, convex hull, and convex cone are conceived in this paper. Some set-theoretic inequalities are established with generalized properties and results on the basis of these specified notions. Additionally, by using a theoretic cum analytical approach, various elements of computational geometry, such as convex hull and convex cone, are theorized and some pertinent results are generalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surge of Internet‐of‐everything applications over the past decade demands the adoption of novel material design and device engineering strategies for the development of state‐of‐the‐art organic photovoltaics (OPVs) in low‐light indoor environments. Owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties, two‐dimensional MXenes possess outstanding potential in this regard. Herein, an unprecedented indoor power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 33.8% under light‐emitting‐diode (LED) illumination (1000‐lx) is secured by additive‐induced treatment of MXene in polymer‐donor:non‐fullerene‐acceptor‐based organic photoactive layer. The remarkable indoor performance of MXene OPVs mainly originates from the enhanced absorption, compact molecular packing, and smooth surface morphology with a reduced number of grain boundaries in the photoactive layer, resulting in an improved fill factor and balanced charge transport and extraction characteristics with suppressed recombination, thereby producing an impressive indoor PCE. In addition, the presence of MXene in the photoactive layer facilitates polaron‐pair dissociation owing to improved free‐charge generation, leading to enhanced photoconductivity. This performance represents the highest PCE among the OPVs measured under indoor illumination. This work highlights the promising prospect of 2D MXene and its composites for indoor light energy harvesting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent study enlightens the synthesis and characterization of zirconia (ZrO2), Fe‐doped ZrO2 (Fe@ZrO2), and Ni‐doped ZrO2 (Ni@ZrO2) catalysts having new‐fangled morphology with tuned band gap as photocatalysts for degradation of textile wastewater dyes methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and their mixtures. SEM imaging of Fe@ZrO2 and Ni@ZrO2 is interestingly varied from ZrO2 as well as doping of transition metals greatly affects the morphology of composites. The optimization study depicts that the pH, time (min) and catalyst amount (g) have a direct relation with degradation efficiency, while the dye concentration (mg/L) has an indirect relation as well. The photocatalytic studies depict that the degradation of MB and MG follows oxidation pathway via hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and holes. Reusability of catalysts corresponds to a little decrease in degradation efficiency in the first two cycles and decreases to about ∼10% (Ni@ZrO2) and ∼12% (Fe@ZrO2) in next three cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propagation path loss estimation is an important constraint in the design and implementation of 4G wireless networks. When the radio frequency signal is communicated through different areas and received at the receiving end, it just decays. This diminution is called propagation path loss. In the design of wireless linkage transmission, the consideration of path loss plays a significant role. Several multipath mechanisms, such as reflection, diffraction, absorption, scattering, and atmospheric conditions, can produce strong attenuation of radio signals. In this paper, a path loss is calculated for SISO, SIMO, and MIMO infrastructure by varying transmitter antenna height at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz frequency bands. Moreover, the path loss is executed for LOS and NLOS arrays using multiple path loss approaches. Reflection losses are investigated through the brute force method of ray tracing. Also, Epstein–Peterson approach was used to calculate diffraction losses. The summation of all the losses estimates path loss for single-input single-output (SISO), single-input multiple-output (SIMO), and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas low-loss model infrastructure at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz frequency bands. By varying base station (B.S.) antenna height and a fixed mobile station (M.S.) height of 1.5 m, the MATLAB simulations show no remarkable change in the path losses for SISO infrastructure. However, a heat map's intensity shows that path loss varies by varying base station (B.S.) antenna height for SIMO infrastructure and the optimized transmitter height for 41 m at 900, 1800 2100 MHz bands. Also, the height of transmitter arrays in MIMO is 32 m, along with the same data are thrown from it. MIMO simulation results show maximum efficiency at the height of 1.5 m in building 2 compared to the SIMO infrastructure. Moreover, the heatmap bar indicates that path loss will be minimum at the top of the heatmap bar and maximum at the bottom. The maximum power received at the top of the bar in dBm significantly impacts the throughput and response time of a wireless link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of an efficient, cost-effective, and stable visible-light-driven photocatalyst for the photodegradation of organic pollutants is a challenging task. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a Ag2O–Co3O4 Z-scheme photocatalyst and evaluation of its photocatalytic performance are reported. An aqueous solution of a reactive yellow dye was used as a model organic pollutant. Co3O4 and Ag2O–Co3O4 were synthesized by precipitation and impregnation methods, respectively. Advanced techniques including XRD, DRS-UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, TGA, and XPS were employed for the characterization of the synthesized Ag2O–Co3O4. The prepared materials were tested as a catalyst for the degradation of the reactive yellow dye. It was found that coupling of Ag2O with Co3O4 enhanced the photocatalytic performance from 55 to 100% towards a 50 mL dye solution containing 100 mg L−1 of dye. The rate constant for Ag2O–Co3O4 catalyzed photodegradation of the reactive yellow dye was 2.8 times higher than the rate constant with Co3O4. The dependence of photocatalytic performance on experimental parameters like catalyst dosage, Ag2O content, recycling of the catalyst, and concentration of the dye was also investigated. The as-prepared Ag2O–Co3O4 was found to be an efficient, cost-effective, and stable Z-scheme photocatalyst for the photodegradation of the reactive yellow dye under visible light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sampath et al. ([23]) developed knitted fabrics from different yarns such as spun polyester, 100% cotton, filament polyester, micro denier polyester and cotton/polyester blend followed by the treatment with 30 g/l soluble dispersion of ultraphil hydrophilic and 0.2 g/l of acetic acid and they analyzed their thermal properties. Keywords: Thermo-physiological comfort; micro-tencel; micro-modal; viscose; cotton; polyester; ; ; ; ; ; EN Thermo-physiological comfort micro-tencel micro-modal viscose cotton polyester ZH 7674 7686 13 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Comfort is a major factor for consumer in choice of clothes and it is as important as quality, cost and esthetic properties. The fabrics which were produced by the micro polyester yarn at inner side showed higher thickness and GSM as compared to the fabrics developed by polyester yarn at inner side. The fabrics which are produced by the micro polyester yarn at inner side show higher thickness and GSM as compared to the fabrics developed by polyester yarn at inner side. [Extracted from the article]

The shelf life of tomato is limited due to its perishable nature. The fruit is highly susceptible to fungal attack such as Fusarium oxysporum. The edible coating has been used to enhance the postharvest life of different food products. The present study was designed for the development of edible antifungal coating on tomato fruit using pomegranate peel extract in combination with chitosan. Pomegranate peel extract was obtained from pomegranate peel using water distillation method. The antifungal coating was prepared with different concentrations of pomegranate peel extract (To, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 for 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%) respectively. Coated tomatoes were subjected to physicochemical, microbial, and sensory analysis during storage. The firmness and lycopene content were decreased during storage. However, the coated tomatoes have more firmness and lycopene content than uncoated tomatoes. Maximum weight loss was observed for To (6.22 ± 0.07%) after 21 days. Lycopene content of coated tomato were improved during storage as compare with uncoated samples. Maximum total plate count was observed for To (6.11 ± 0.07 CFU/g) and minimum was observed for T5 (2.11 ± 0.08 CFU/g). All the treatments were significantly effective to control total plate count and mold count in comparison with the control. The coating materials did not affect the sensory profile of tomatoes. Pomegranate peel extract was proved effective antimicrobial coating material for tomatoes. The study will pave way for the researchers to use coating material for fruits based on the fruit waste. Practical applications: Fruit waste‐based edible coating can prevent postharvest losses in fruits and vegetables. Pomegranate peel extract and chitosan have shown potential to reduce postharvest losses in tomatoes. PPE‐based coating has antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum. The edible coating can help to reduce qualitative and safety issues in tomatoes during storage. It may be used as a replacement of synthetic preservatives in tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow rust (YR) epidemics have affected wheat productivity worldwide. YR resistance (Yr) is eminent in wheat; however, it is continuously invaded by evolving YR pathogen Puccinia striiformis (Pst.). Understanding the Yr genes' diversity among the available germplasm is paramount to developing YR-resistant cultivars. In this study, 14 wheat genotypes were screened for their relative resistance index (RRI) and Yr genes/QTL via linked microsatellite markers. RRI screening categorized the studied genotypes into susceptible (<5; 4.44 ± 0.75), moderate (5–7; 6.11 ± 0.64), and resistant (>7; 8.45 ± 0.25) bulks (p < 0.001). Genetic analysis using 19 polymorphic microsatellite markers revealed 256 alleles, which were divergent among the three resistance bulks. Markers Xbarc7 and Xgwm429 showed the highest allelic diversity in comparison to Xbarc181, Xwmc419, SCAR1400, and Xgwm130. Resistant bulk showed associated alleles at Yr18 gene-linked markers Xgwm295, cssfr6, and csLV34. Other RRI-associated alleles at markers Xbarc7 and Xbarc101 showed weak and moderate linkages, respectively, with the Yr5 gene; whereas, a moderate association was noted for the Yr15 gene-linked marker Xgwm11. Marker Xwe173 linked with the Yr26 gene showed associated alleles among the susceptible bulk. Cross combinations of the parental lines forming recombinant inbred lines (RILs) demonstrated net higher RRI implying favorable allelic recombination. These results support reports and field observations on novel Pst. races that triggered Yr26, Yr5, and Yr15 busts in recent past. This study further implies that pyramiding all stage resistance genes (Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, and Yr26) with adult plant resistance genes (Yr18 and Yr62) should provide sustained YR resistance. The associated alleles at Yr genes-linked markers provide a basis for marker-assisted YR resistance breeding in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim to enhance the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells (OSCs), seven new non-fullerene acceptors (K1–K7) have been designed by end-group modifications of benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']bis(4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole) (BDP)–based small molecule "MH" (which is taken as our reference R) using computational techniques. To investigate their various optoelectronic parameters, DFT studies were applied using the B3LYP functional at 6-31G (d, p) basis set. The measurement of molecular planarity parameter (MPP) and span of deviation from plane (SDP) confirmed the planar geometries of these structures resulting in enhanced conjugation. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and density of states (DOS) analyses confirmed shorter band gaps of K1–K7 as compared to R, which promotes charge transfer in them. Optical properties demonstrated that these compounds have absorption range from 692 to 711 nm, quite better than the 684 nm of reference R. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and Mulliken' charge distribution analysis also revealed the presence of epic charge separation in these structures. K1–K7 showed enhanced LHE values as compared to R putting emphasis on their better abilities to produce charge carrier by absorption of light. Reorganization energies showed that all newly designed compound could have better rate of charge carrier mobility (except K4) than R. Calculations of open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) revealed its highest values for K3 and K4. Among newly designed molecules, K3 showed betterment in all its investigated parameters, making it a strong candidate to get enhanced power conversion efficiencies of OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient control of optical light at the nanoscale level attracts marvelous applications, including thermal imaging, energy harvesting, thermal photovoltaics, etc. These applications demand a high-bandwidth, thermally robust, angularly stable, and miniaturized absorber, which is a key challenge to be addressed. So, in this study, the simple and cost-effective solution to attain a high-bandwidth nanostructured absorber is demonstrated. The designed nanoscale absorber is composed of a simple and plain circular ring of nickel metal, which possesses many interesting features, including a miniaturized geometry, easily fabricable design, large operational bandwidth, and polarization insensitivity, over the previously presented absorbers. The proposed nanoscale absorber manifests an average absorption of 93% over a broad optical window from 400 to 2800 nm. Moreover, the detailed analysis of the absorption characteristics is also performed by exciting the optical light's various incident and polarization angles. From the examined outcome, it is concluded that the nanostructured absorber maintains its average absorption of 80% at oblique incident angles in a broad wavelength range from 400 to 2800 nm. Owing to its appealing functionalities, such as the large bandwidth, simple geometry, low cost, polarization insensitivity, and thermal robustness of the constituting metal, nickel (Ni), this nano-absorber is made as an alternative for the applications of energy harvesting, thermal photovoltaics, and emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are attractive energy harvesting devices for low‐power consumption electronic devices and the Internet of Things (IoTs) owing to their properties such as being lightweight, semitransparent, having multicoloring capability, and flexibility. It is important to match the absorption range of photoactive materials with the emission spectra of indoor light sources that have a visible range of 400–700 nm for IPVs to provide sustainable, high‐power density. To this end, benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐based homopolymer (PBDTT) is synthesized as a polymer donor, which is a classical material that has a wide bandgap with a deep highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) level, and a series of random copolymers by incorporating thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6,‐dione (TPD) as a weak electron acceptor unit in PBDTT. The composition of the TPD unit is varied to fine tune the absorption range of the polymers; the polymer containing 70% TPD (B30T70) perfectly covers the entire range of indoor lamps such as light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and fluorescent lamp (FL). Consequently, B30T70 shows a dramatic enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 1‐sun (PCE: 6.0%) to the indoor environment (PCE: 18.3%) when fabricating organic IPVs by blending with PC71BM. The simple, easy molecular design guidelines are suggested to develop photoactive materials for efficient organic IPVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the graphical exploration of a novel hybrid, that is, possibility of picture fuzzy hypersoft graph (popfhs -graph) is accomplished. The popfhs -graph is more flexible and reliable in the sense that it has the ability to tackle the limitations of picture fuzzy soft graph regarding the entitlement of multiargument approximate mapping and possibility degree-based setting. Its approximate mapping considers the Cartesian product of subclasses of parameters as domain and then maps it to the power set of universal set. The possibility degree-based setting ensures the assessment of uncertain attitude of approximate elements up to the level of acceptance. First, some of elementary notions and set theoretic operations of popfhs -graph are investigated with the support of numerical examples and pictorial representations. Second, some of its variants, types of products, and composition are also discussed. Lastly, based on aggregation of the popfhs -graph, an algorithm is proposed for multiattribute decision-making problem and validated by resolving daily-life recruitment problem for the best selection of candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow rust (YR) globally affects wheat crops. It may turn into an epidemic, resulting in significant yield losses if the environment is suited to YR spread. The provision of resistant wheat cultivars is a sustainable protection strategy against YR. The current study aimed to use a combination of classical analytical tools to identify potential wheat lines through screening under YR stress for utilization in YR-resistance breeding. A total of 14 parents, which included 9 lines and 5 testers, were formed into 45 cross combinations via line × tester mating format. The tested germplasm was grown in a triplicate randomized full-block design, under optimal and yellow rust (YR)-stress conditions. Data were recorded on different morphological, physiochemical, yield and component traits at appropriate crop stages. A pre-combining ability analysis revealed significant inter-genotype variations. A combining ability study identified non-additive gene action in the inheritance of most of the investigated traits. Four potential parents (PR128, AN179, KS17 and WD17) and two crosses (PR128 × WD17 and AN179 × KS17) retained higher combining ability values for yield traits under YR-stress. A cluster analysis based on the overall performance found divergent classes among the screened genotypes. The clustering of different genotypes was shifted under YR-stress, which suggests variable genotypic response. Through factor analysis, we assessed and confirmed genotypes performing consistently under YR-stress. The identified genotypes may be used for disease-resistance breeding in wheat. Based on their positive correlation with grain yield, we suggest the use of peduncle length and tillers per plant as phenotypic markers for wheat selection and breeding. The knowledge base generated through the current study will add to the ongoing research on sustainable wheat breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate efficacy and adverse events of ceftolozane/tazobactam in complicated UTI including acute pyelonephritis. Method. Databases that include PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and TRIP were searched. All randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were considered for the study. Statistical analysis was done using a fixed effects model, and results were expressed in proportion for dichotomous data and risk ratio for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. A clinical cure of ceftolozane/tazobactam was found to be 92% with 95% CI of 90-94 while that of piperacillin/tazobactam was only 78% (95% CI, 74-82) in patients with complicated UTI. Microbiological eradication was still higher in the ceftolozane/tazobactam group (83%, 95% CI 81-88) when compared with piperacillin/tazobactam (63% 95% CI, 58.77-65.2). Ceftolozane/tazobactam was more effective in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections other than acute pyelonephritis as compared to piperacillin/tazobactam (RR = 1.21 , 95% CI, 1.07-1.23). Serious adverse events were found comparable in both groups (RR = 1.15 , 95% CI, 0.64-2.09). Conclusion. The analysis showed that ceftolozane/tazobactam has better clinical outcomes including cure rates and low resistance for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An execution time estimation model is proposed to accurately estimate the execution time in a robotic assembly workcell. The current study exploits a trajectory generation, which is based on cubic splines in particular, because of their natural characteristics, i.e., joint scalability and computational simplicity. It takes into account task specifications and motion capabilities of the robotic arm to estimate the execution time of a task plan. The estimation accuracy is evaluated through a comparison of the computed task times with the results of a simulation of an industrial robot to execute a series of task plans. The evaluation has been done based on the control system (R-30iB Plus) of the Fanuc robot CR-7iA/L in Roboguide software (RG). The results show that the proposed framework is capable of estimating the task time with reasonable accuracy. Possible directions to further improve this accuracy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the modelling of heat and moisture transfer in a clothes-conditioning unit with the aim of improving the moisture content distribution to the clothes. A multicomponent, non-reacting, two-phase Eulerian–Eulerian model was utilised to solve the computational model. The clothes inside the conditioning unit were modeled as retangular towels (porous medium) of uniform thickness. Mass flow distribution of air and steam through the clothes was studied by systematically varying the steam nozzle angle (30° to 75°) and air inflow grill angle (45° to 105°). The simulation results were studied to identify the impact of design parameters on the mass flow distribution inside the clothes-conditioning unit. The mass flow of steam and the air–steam mixture were calculated through each towel in the forward and reverse direction. Response surface analysis was conducted to correlate the total mass flow rate and steam mass flow rate through each towel with the design variables. Moreover, a multiobjective genetic algorithm was employed to optimise the mass flow through the clothes and ascertain the optimal design configuration. The geometric configuration with a steam nozzle angle of 45° and air grill angle of 105° resulted in optimal steam and mixture distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]