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The advantages of reusability, lower cost, and environmentally friendly operation have made the heterogeneous catalyzed methylic process a preferable alternative to the homogeneously catalyzed protocol. The optimal production yield of palm kernel shell oil (PKSO) methyl ester (PKSOME) was modeled using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The cost of PKSOME was determined, and the synthesized PKSOME was blended with diesel fuel with various volume ratios. Several analyses were done, including thermophysical properties using ASTM test methods, density and viscosity, fire point and flash point, aniline point, and acid value. Emission characteristics such as exhaust smoke, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide were measured using an IC engine. The use of waste eggshells for heterogeneously catalyzed biodiesel from underutilized PKSO for green diesel can reduce production costs even further. The green biodiesel model and TP correlations have applications in the biodiesel and aviation industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H. Pylori infection is one of the most common infections worldwide. The aim of this study is to explore the current strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in Sulaimani city. A prospective study was the analytic method; this study involved 50 patients with H. pylori infection who were diagnosed in different health authorities in Sulaimani city. A questionnaire was designed to collect data about demographic features, risk factors, and clinical presentation, with special concern to those related to diagnosis and treatment; the patients were followed up to detect the response to management. Male to female ratio is equal to 1:1.6, and the most frequent age group was 30-39 years. The diagnosis was decided depending upon detection of serum anti- H.pylori antibodies (62%), H.pylori stool antigen (26%), urea breath test (8%), or only clinical features (4%). Monotherapy (46%), dual therapy (26%), or triple therapies (28%) were prescribed as first line of treatment. 28% of patients did not get cure from the infection and only 16% tried a second course without antibiotic sensitivity testing. Only 70% of patients were advised for flow up after treatment. The detection of serum anti- H. pylori antibodies are the main diagnostic technique, and monotherapy is the most commonly prescribed strategy for treatment of H. pylori infection. In Sulaimani city, when prescribing the treatment for H. pylori infection, it is highly recommended to follow the correct treatment protocols for management of H. pylori infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]