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Calculations of the total energy of Fe-Pt nanoclusters, corresponding in the phase diagram to the compositions of FePt, FePt3 intermetallics and possessing either characteristic structures L10 and L12, respectively, or non-characteristic disordered structure A1, as well as various particle habits (cuboctahedra, icosahedra) are carried out by molecular dynamics for the first time. The dependences of cluster stability on their size and temperature are plotted, along with the schemes of temperature transformations of cluster morphology and the dependence of the melting points of the clusters with these structures and habits on their size. The size range (2-8 nm) corresponds to the sizes of particles observed by high-resolution electron microscopy. It is shown that the species play an essential part in the phase transformations proceeding under heating in the nanostructured system Fe-Pt and leading to the formation of nanocrystals with highly ordered L10 structure possessing giant coercivity are cubic nanoclusters with the ordered structures L10 and L12. With an increase in cluster size, their stability and melting points increase, tending to saturation of the dependencies within the size range above 10 nm. The least stable clusters are those of intermetallics with non-characteristic disordered structure A1 and icosahedral habit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues in improvement of architectural heritage conservation in Russian cities using digital technologies are considered. Russian and international heritage conservation methods are reviewed. Prospects for architectural heritage conservation based on analysis of global trends in the field of digital technologies are assessed. A technique is proposed for architectural heritage conservation using a token information model in the blockchain ecosystem.

In this work, the thermal stability of FePt nanoclusters of different habitus is considered using the molecular dynamics method with the multiparticle interaction potential MEAM-2NN. Three variants of determining the temperatures of structural disorder/melting of these nanoclusters are presented: by the normalised per atom total energy of clusters from temperature, with approximation of curves by linear sections, the intersection points of which were used to determine the disorder temperatures; the second by the mean-square displacement of atoms; the third by visualisation of cross sections of atomic planes perpendicular to the face . It is shown that the melting of the cluster occurs layer by layer from the surface to the volume. The temperatures of structural disorder of nanoclusters determined by different methods are in good agreement with each other.

The need to create favorable conditions in schools to support gifted and talented students is due to the social order and humanistic paradigm of modern education. This article deals with the problem of developing personal qualities of students in the framework of pedagogical support for students with signs of giftedness in the modern school. The article reveals the results of the study of personal development of students accompanied by teachers in the process of designing and implementing individual educational routes at the main stage of general education. The leading method of studying this problem is the analysis of the results of the survey of teachers and schoolchildren in order to determine changes in the manifestation and development of personal qualities of students with signs of giftedness, accompanied by teachers, in the process of implementing their individual educational path using the model of the educational route developed by the authors of the article. The summary of the research presented in the article is the development and testing the structural-functional model of individual educational route for students with signs of giftedness, the use of which contributes to the manifestation and development of personal qualities of students required for the development of their potential and achieving educational outcomes. The materials of the article are of practical value for teachers when planning individual work at school.

The article considers and proves the importance of promoting and generating children’s interest in reading under current conditions. Generating interest in reading in pre-school children is presented as a specially organized process that determines the world-view development and moral formation of the child’s personality at the stage of pre-school childhood. The authors of the article theoretically and experimentally confirm the effectiveness of the forms and methods used when generating preschoolers’ interest in reading, which meet their age and individual characteristics. The integrative approach used in the educational process helps to improve the content of the work when gaining the objective - generating preschoolers’ interest in reading. The forms and methods applied in the experiment have proved to be effective when generating children’s interest in reading and therefore, they can be successfully employed in pre-school education organizations.

Kazakhstan has a high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). The patient-centered National Program for the treatment and prevention of TB has been implemented in Kazakhstan. The program is aimed at meeting the needs of patients and expansion of the outpatient treatment of TB in the country.The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of the outpatient and inpatient treatment of drug-susceptible TB.This study was a retrospective cohort study.A total of 36.926 TB cases were included. The majority of patients were treated as inpatients. The socioeconomic factors, sex, age, HIV status, and other diagnostic factors (e.g., sputum smear results, extrapulmonary disease) may serve as risk factors to estimate the likely TB treatment outcome. The outpatient treatment of drug-susceptible TB seems to be a comparable option to the inpatient treatment in terms of efficacy.The socioeconomic factors are the main modifiable risk factors for treatment failure. The outpatient treatment of drug-susceptible TB is safe and effective.

Background and Objective: Since 1990, the tuberculosis incidence rate in Eastern Europe and post-Soviet republics has been increasing in many countries including Kazakhstan. This problem is particularly important in Kazakhstan regions with limited financial resources, among them - in South Kazakhstan province. The aim of this study was to investigate the main clinical and antibiotic-related economic aspects of tuberculosis treatment in South Kazakhstan province., Material and Methods: In total, 502 patients participated in the study. They were hospitalized to the tuberculosis dispensary of Sayram district (South Kazakhstan province) in 2007-2013. Statistical analysis included logistic regression for better treatment outcomes and analysis of antibiotic treatment costs., Results: Two-thirds of patients had infiltrative tuberculosis (67%). Positive treatment outcomes were determined in 85% of cases. The patients were mostly treated with cycloserine, protionamide, capreomycin, and ofloxacin. The majority of antibiotic costs were related to the treatment with capreomycin. In case of the positive results of the test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antibiotic expenses were almost 3 times greater than in case of negative test results (P<0.001)., Conclusions: The majority of patients had extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. The negative results of the test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis at discharge were not related to pretreatment factors. Antibiotic-related costs were significantly higher in case of the positive results of the test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but were not associated with gender, residence place, hospitalization recurrence, or main blood test results before treatment.

The coating of titanium nitride increases the working life a microsurgical instruments by 1.5 times. The coating is resistant to the bactericidal treatment.

Optimal nomenclature, design and shape of the instrument working elements have been elaborated. New materials as well as new technological methods were used to strengthen the gripping jaws. The kit is designed for operations on uterine tubes in female infertility. Analysis of clinical use is given.