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Natural insecticidal products, essentially essential oils and their bioactive compounds are available as an excellent alternative method to control insect pests as well as they are less toxic to human health. However, due to their volatile constituents, encapsulation could be considered as the most suitable solution for their practical application. Therefore, this study aims to explore the insecticidal toxicity of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil against adults of Carpophilus hemipterus. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method with an encapsulation efficiency 41.543.1% and loading capacity 5.24G0.28%. Results revealed that chitosan nanoparticles loaded rosemary oil exhibited interesting insecticidal toxicity towards C. hemipterus adults in stored dates with 50.73% mortality. Overall, this work pointed out that the innovative design method based on chitosan-nanoparticles loaded rosemary oil can be promoted in integrated pest management program for stored date pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A natural attractant for Ceratitis capitata developed by microencapsulation by coacervation complex with gelatin and gum arabic of the essential oil of Ruta graveolens was evaluated. Essential oil composition was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Microencapsulation efficacy was evaluated by determination of the encapsulation yield (%), encapsulation efficiency (%), optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and release kinetics (%). Repellent/attractant and contact toxicity tests of crude and encapsulated Ruta graveolens oil were assessed under laboratory and field conditions. GC-MS analysis indicated that 2-nonanone (36.31%) and 2-undecanone (35.92%) were the dominant compounds. Encapsulation yield was 77.06% and encapsulation efficiency was 73.33%. Optical microscopy pictures revealed spherical form particles. Results exhibited the attractant potential of crude oil (class III: moderately attractant) and that encapsulated oil accomplished better attractant performance (class IV: attractant). The encapsulated oil was also toxic to Medfly adults. Results further showed that both Ceratrap® and oil capsules were attractant under field conditions. This work supports the practice of encapsulated essential oil as natural attractant for Medfly management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]