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Aim: This study aims to evaluate the views of the adult male population in Turkey concerning the use of drugs (Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors) and herbal products to increase sexual performance, and to assess the use and outcomes of these medications within the study site. Material and Method: This non-interventional, observational, sectional site study was conducted in 2012. Participants were randomly selected from 19 provinces of Turkey according to Eurostat and Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) Level-2 by a proportional sampling method according to postal code lists. Men aged 18 years or older were included in this study as representatives of the male Turkish population. Of these, 410 men using at least one erectile dysfunction (ED) product within the last year were interviewed face-to-face. Results: 98% of participants did not have ED. The rate of drug use for %u201Cincreasing sexual performance%u201D by those not reporting erection problems was 63%. Among this group of drugs, moderate to high satisfaction rates were observed for sildenafil and herbal products of 85% and 63% respectively. Women%u2019s awareness of their partners%u2019 drugs use was low at 25%. Satisfaction among women aware of their partners%u2019 drug use was 63%. Discussion: The prevalence of drug use, including PDE-5 inhibitors or herbal products, is high among Turkish men, who often do not inform their partners about their drug use. Given the high rate of satisfaction in cases where partners are informed, we believe that the positive psychosocial effects of these medications on partners could contribute to treatment planning.

Our aim was to determine the general knowledge and awareness levels, information sources, and the state of medical check-up for prostate cancer (PCa) and relevant effective factors.The participants were asked to answer to 14 questions of a questionnaire about age, education, economic and social condition, knowledge about PCa, state of being examined and their related factors. According to demographic characteristics of the participants, levels of awareness about PCa, sources of information, affecting factors and their interrelationships were examined. Two groups were formed according to age (60 years,60 years) and variations according to ages were investigated.Two hundred and ninety-three men with an average age of 57 years (range 40-85) were included in the study. Our findings showed that 68.3% of the participants were thinking that PCa is a frequently seen disease, 88.4% were thinking that it can be treated and 62.8% of men specified that their information sources are doctors. We also found that 60.8% of the participants had not undergone prostate examination and prostate specific antigen (PSA) control. The most reason for not having annual examinations was (44.4%) "negligence". Significantly greater number of men with higher education (high school/university) were highly informed about PCa (p=0.037). Check-up rates were statistically significantly higher among men with intermediate income (p=0.041). Curability of PCa diagnosed at an early stage was acknowledged by statistically higher number of individuals under the age 60 (p0.05). Health control, prostate examination and/or PSA control rates were higher in men with a family history of PCa and in the group of60 years.Although PCa has a high prevalence and mortality rates, personal and social information and sensitivity levels must be increased as it can be treated if diagnosed at an early stage. We think that social and medical impact of the disease can be decreased with the planning of effective methods based on sociocultural and economic factors.

The prevalence of stone diseases is high in Turkey. Thanks to the technological improvements and to the increase in the number of qualified and experienced specialists in the last thirty years, there has been an increase in the application of minimally invasive methods in the stone disease surgery. This study, with a sample survey of Western Black Sea region, aims at revealing the changes and improvements in the treatment of stone diseases in different centers in Anatolia within the last ten years.Six centers in 4 of the provinces of the Western Black Sea Region were selected and the patients' files were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment methods that were recommended for and/or applied to the patients diagnosed with urinary stone diseases were recorded by years. The urinary stone diseases were divided into three separate groups; kidney, ureters and bladder. Treatment options were recorded into categories as open surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, semirigid ureterorenoscopy, flexible ureterorenoscopy, and ESWL.A total of 26044 patients with stone diseases have been treated in the above-mentioned centers for the last 10 years. The distributions of the stone diseases in relation to their localization were as follows: - kidney stones: 9040 (34.7%), ureter stones: 15264 (58.6%), and bladder stones: 1740 (6.7%). As for the distribution of the treatment in relation to the treatment methods, it was seen that open surgery for 1032 (4%) patients, endoscopic surgery for 15038 (58%) patients, and ESWL for 9974 (38%) patients had been applied. While URS and PCNL are currently the commonly used treatment methods in the Western Black Sea Region, RIRS has begun to be used in a limited number of patients for the last 3 years.Though being a little late, the advances in endrourology offer practical applications in the Western Black Sea region as well. Although this study suggests implications for the evaluating of the periphery outcomes of the improvements in stone disease treatments, for the planning of training schemes, and for equipment planning, further research based on more data from more centers is needed to have a nation-wide perspective.

Aim: In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of a hypospadias repair technique using local anesthesia in adult patients with distal hypospadias. Material and Method: Hypospadias repair was performed under local anesthesia in 24 cases of circumcised males from 2000%u20132010. The type of hypospadias was coronal in 11 cases and subcoronal in 13 cases. Tubularised incised-plate urethroplasty method was used in all of the patients. Subcutaneous prilocaine hydrochloride was administered into the root of the penis and 12.5 g of a gel containing 2% lidocaine was administered into the urethra as an anesthetic agent. The patients%u2019 pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients were evaluated in terms of pain level, duration of the operation, and early and late complications. Results: All patients easily tolerated the operation, with a mean postoperative VAS pain assessment of 2.04 (0-4). The duration of the operation ranged between 16 and 35 min. One of the patients developed syncope during the operation. Urethral fistula was seen in three patients. No incidence of meatal stenosis or poor cosmetic appearance was observed. Discussion: Hypospadias repair under local anesthesia was demonstrated to be safely practicable with an acceptable degree of postsurgical pain in adult patients with distal hypospadias.

Introduction: Aim of this study is to investigate bacterial growth on non-infected devices and compare antibiotic-coated and non-coated implants. Materials and methods: The charts of 71 patients who underwent revision surgeries for penile prosthesis between 1995 and 2013 were reviewed. Of those, 31 devices were antibiotic-coated prostheses, while 40 of the implants were non-coated. Swab cultures were routinely obtained from corporal, pump or reservoir site during the operation. If a bacterial biofilm was determined on the prosthesis, it was also cultured. Results: A total of 5 different organisms were cultured from 18 patients. Of them, 4 devices were antibiotic-coated and the other 14 were non-coated devices. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common organism, while Staphylococcus hominis, beta hemolitic streptococcus, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were also cultured. All patients who had positive cultures were treated with appropriate antibiotics for four weeks postoperatively. Median follow-up time was 41 months, ranging between 8 and 82 months. One prosthesis (non-coated) became clinically infected in the follow-up period with a totally different organism. Culture positivity rates of antibiotic-coated and non-coated devices were 13% and 35% respectively and the result was significant (p=0.00254). Conclusions: Positive bacterial cultures are present on non-infected penile prostheses at revision surgeries in some of the patients. Antibiotic coated prostheses have much less positive cultures than non-coated devices.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a potential inhibitor of cell proliferation, immune regulation and modulation of cell growth and differentiation; it also has a substantial role in antioxidant activity. ApoE has a potential role in prostate cancer progression.ApoE genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for blood samples from a group of patients with prostate cancer (n=68) and a control group (n=78).The frequency of the E3/E3 genotype was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (p=0.004). E3/E3 genotype carriers were 3.6-fold more likely to be patients than controls (odds ratio=3.67, 95% confidence interval=1.451-9.155; p=0.004). Additionally, the patients with E3/E3 genotype had significantly higher Gleason score (p=0.017), and more patients with this genotype had a Gleason score higher than 7 (p=0.007). Individuals carrying the E4 allele were significantly more common in the control group (p=0.006). The frequency of the E3/E4 genotype was found to be significantly higher in controls compared to patients (p=0.007), and patients were significantly less likely to have this genotype than controls (odds ratio=0.89, 95% confidence interval=0.833-0.967, p=0.007). Individuals carrying the E2/E3 genotype had a significantly lower Gleason score (p=0.049)-all of the patients with this genotype had a Gleason score lower than 7 (p=0.024).E3/E3 genotype may be a potential risk factor for prostate cancer and high Gleason scoring. The E4 allele maybe a risk-reducing factor for prostate cancer.

The goals of this study were to examine cases of proximal ureteral stones in which semirigid or flexible ureteroscopes alone were insufficient for endoscopic treatment, requiring the combination of both. A total of 137 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Holmium laser was used as the energy source for stone fragmentation. Each operation was begun with a 6/7.5 Fr semirigid ureteroscope (URS), and continued with a 7.5 Fr flexible URS in those procedures that failed to reach the stone or push-up. Double J stents were inserted into those patients in whom the flexible URS failed. Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) or a repeat ureteroscopy (after 2–4 weeks) was planned in those patients who were considered to be treated unsuccessfully. The demographic features of the patients, stone sizes, treatment outcomes, need for additional treatment, complications, and the results of the postoperative 1-month early follow-up were evaluated. The mean age of the patients (77 males and 60 females) was 38 ± 6.7 years old, the mean stone size was 12.3 ± 3.7 mm, and the number of patients with persistent hydronephrosis was 86 (62.8 %). A stone-free diagnosis was achieved in a total of 124 patients (90.5 %), using a semirigid URS in 80 patients and a flexible URS in 44 patients. Treatment using a flexible URS was administered in 38 patients (27.7 %) due to push-up, and in 6 patients (4.3 %) because of the failure to advance the semirigid URS into the ureter. The treatment failed in 13 patients (9.4 %) despite the use of both methods. Treatment using low-caliber semirigid ureteroscopy and a holmium laser is possible, regardless of the stone size, in female patients without hydronephrosis. However, the need for combined treatment with flexible ureteroscopy is increased in male patients with hydronephrosis.

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. Intestinal loops are often found in hernia suc during hernia repair. In rare cases, lipoma, ovaries, appendix can be found. We presented that inguinal herniation of the bladder cause filling and emptying disorders symptoms.

To assess the impact of a diagnosis of bladder cancer on smoking behavior and to analyze the role of the physician in smoking cessation. Nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer patients completed a phone survey of their smoking habits. They were asked about smoking behavior before and after the diagnosis of cancer and whether they had been informed by their physician about the relation between smoking and bladder cancer. Two hundred-twelve patients responded to the survey. The mean age was 60.03±6.36 years. Ninety-three of the 135 current smokers (68.9%) were advised to quit smoking, whereas nine of 20 nonsmokers (45%) were not commented about the future risks of smoking. The results showed that 13% of the current smokers and 35% of the current nonsmokers were not warned about the relation of bladder cancer with smoking. Statistical significance was not seen in terms of sex, disease stage, and tumor grade at diagnosis. The relation between smoking and bladder cancer has been well established. However, some patients are not informed to quit smoking by their physicians. © 2015, TIP ARASTIRMALARI DERNEGI. All rights reserved.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a common method in stone therapy in the last 30 years. High success rates as well as high complication rates are also available. We present offer patient who developing gallbladder injury and peritonitis in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the right renal pelvis, mid, and lower calyces stone.

A series of 28 patients with urethral strictures less than 2 cm length underwent 32 visual optical internal urethrotomy under local urethral anesthesia with lidocaine. The procedure was completed successfully in 26 of 28 (92.9%) patients. Among these 25 of 26 (96%) patients reported mild pain. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for the evaluation of pain. All the patients were followed up for at least 6 months. Visual optical internal urethrotomy is a minimal invasive and successfull procedure for short (

Priapism is a condition that urologically requires emergency intervention. Two types of priapism have been described: low and high flow. High flow priapism occurs secondary to penile or perineal trauma. The more common low-flow priapism occurs depending on various blood disorders, alcohol spinal cord lesions, and various medications. Medications are the most common cause in the etiology of low-flow priaspsism. Antipsychotic agents in drug-induced priapism are responsible for 15-26% of cases. Althoughthe periferal and central effect of psychotropic agents are known, dose, intake duration, and the etiology causing priapism is yet to be clarified. In this report, along with a review of the literature, we present two priapism cases which developed in different patients who took single dose chlorpromazine for 4 weeks.