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Background and Objective: After chronic stress, brain volume and weight reduces and in turn, adrenal weight and volume increases. This study was performed to determine the effect of chronic stress and memantine administration within amygdala on the alterations of brain’s volume and weight ratio to volume and weight of the adrenal gland on male mice. Methods: In this experimental study, bi- or unilateral amygdala cannulation was preformed stereotaxically. A week after recovery, animals were received different doses of memantine (1, 0.5, and 0.1 µg/mouse), five min before stress induction. Electric foot shock induced to animals for seven consecutive days. At the end of the seventh day, animals were sacrificed and their brain and adrenal glands were fixed in formalin 4%. The volume and weight was determined by mercury immersion and accurate balance respectively. Results: Stress non- significantly reduced brain’s volume ratio to volume of the adrenal gland and brain’s weight ratio to weight of the adrenal gland. Memantine administration within amygdala inhibited stress effect. Memantine administration in low and medium doses within right and left amygdala significantly increased brain’s volume and weight ratio to volume and weight of the adrenal gland (P

Background and Objective: Fanconi anemia is the most prevalent inherited aplastic anemia. Diagnosis based solely on the recognition of clinical symptoms is not reliable. This study was done to determine chromosomal aberrations in patients suspected with the risk of Fanconi anemia in the Eastern Azarbaijan province- Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 20 patients in the Eastern Azarbaijan province-Iran. The cytogenetic method was used to determine type and number of chromosomal disorders. Results: Nine eight and nine patients had co-morbid anemia, platelet deficiency and 9 patients had hand and finger deformities, respectively. Using cytogenetic method, Fanconi anemia was confirmed in 5 (25%) of the cases. The percentage of mitotic abnormalities in the chromosomes without administration of mitomycin C varied between 5-30% in the cultures of the 5 affected and between 0-4% in the 15 unaffected patients with the administration of mitomycin C, the percentages were increased up to 35-78% and 0-20% in affected and unaffected patients, respectively. Conclusion: Fanconi anemia is confirmed precisely in 25% of suspected patients using cytogenetic method.

Background: Overweight and obese children are likely to develop serious health problems. Among children in the U.S., Latino children are affected disproportionally by the obesity epidemic. Niños Sanos, Familia Sana (Healthy Children, Healthy Family) is a five-year, multi-faceted intervention study to decrease the rate of BMI growth in Mexican origin children in California's Central Valley. This paper describes the methodology applied to develop and launch the study. Methods/Design. Investigators use a community-based participatory research approach to develop a quasi-experimental intervention consisting of four main components including nutrition, physical activity, economic and art-community engagement. Each component's definition, method of delivery, data collection and evaluation are described. Strategies to maintain engagement of the comparison community are reported as well. Discussion. We present a study methodology for an obesity prevention intervention in communities with unique environmental conditions due to rural and isolated location, limited infrastructure capacity and limited resources. This combined with numerous cultural considerations and an unstable population with limited exposure to researcher expectations necessitates reassessment and adaptation of recruitment strategies, intervention delivery and data collection methods. Trial registration # NCT01900613. Trial registration. NCT01900613. © 2013 de la Torre et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This work is concerned with the investigation of the photo-thermal response of the human skin tissue. A four-layer, one-dimensional air–skin tissue structure has been considered. The considered structure is irradiated by the different light intensities and wavelengths. Light propagation in the skin tissue has been modeled by using a full electromagnetic method. To solve electromagnetic equations numerically, Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) has been used. Inhomogeneity of the multilayer skin tissue structure has been considered by the wavelength dependence of the Complex Optical Refractive Index (CORI). In order to determine the temporal and spatial temperature distribution inside the skin tissue, the TMM has been coupled with Pennes' bio-heat transfer equation. The equation has been solved semi-analytically with the adiabatic condition by using the Green's function method. Based on the preliminary findings of this study, the effect of the light intensity and wavelength on the resultant temperature distribution inside the skin tissue structure has been reported. Obtained results could be helpful for designing and improving the practical protocols through the skin photo-thermal therapy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]