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The study aims to identify the degree of direct payments concentration in selected Central and Eastern European Member States (compared to the entire EU) and outline the perspectives and recommendations for the next programming period. The spatial scope of the study includes Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Bulgaria. The time scope covers the period 2009–2019. The survey indicates that the payments distribution in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and to a lesser extent also in Poland, is highly unbalanced. The analysed countries used the redistribution instruments, optional for the Member States, which were introduced by the 2013 CAP reform, to a moderate extent, in order to ensure a more even funds distribution between the beneficiaries. It cannot be ruled out that instruments ensuring a more even funds distribution would be politically easier to introduce at the EU level than at the national level. Nevertheless, also in the next financial perspective, in line with the subsidiarity principle, this issue is left to the Member States.

Im Artikel wurden Ergebnisse der simulativen Untersuchungen dargestellt, mit denen gemessen werden konnte, welchen Einfluss die fakultativen Direktzahlungen auf die durchschnittliche Höhe der Stützung je landwirtschaftlichen Betrieb in den einzelnen Woiwodschaften Polens hatten. Es wurde u.a. festgestellt, dass im Jahr 2017 infolge der Anwendung von freiwilligen Instrumenten die Änderung der durchschnittlichen Höhe der Stützung für landwirtschaftliche Betriebe in den Woiwodschaften, in denen diese Instrumente den stärksten Einfluss auf die zu untersuchende Variable ausübten, ca. +/-12 % betrug (im Vergleich zu der Situation, wenn die fakultativen Zahlungen nicht eingeführt würden und somit die für deren Finanzierung bestimmten Mittel im Rahmen der einheitlichen Flächenzahlung verteilt würden). Darüber hinaus wurde bemerkt, dass die in Polen angewandten fakultativen Instrumente zum Wachstum der durchschnittlichen Höhe der Stützung bei landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben in Mittel- sowie in Mittelostpolen, insbesondere in der Woiwodschaft Podlachien, beigetragen haben. In den westlichen, nördlichen und südlichen Woiwodschaften Polens wäre der durchschnittliche Betrag der Stützung pro landwirtschaftlichen Betrieb höher, wenn keine fakultativen Instrumente implementiert würden; somit wäre auch das Niveau der Finanzierung für die einheitliche Flächenzahlung höher., Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Aktuelle Beiträge

Poland became a member of the European Union upon the Accession Treaty of 1 May 2004. As a result, the objective was to include domestic agricultural producers in the direct payment scheme and other rural development and agricultural support instruments functioning in successive financial frameworks executed as part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union. The aim of the present study has been to evaluate the importance of direct payments on crop production from EU funds in the opinion of farmers of the Barcin commune (the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province). The level of satisfaction with the crop production payments received, what the funds from the payments are used for and the expectations of the farmers in terms of the payments were investigated. The study involved the use of the survey method, a survey questionnaire carried out in 2014, which included 100 farmers. Results have shown that direct payments were appreciated by farmers who allocated the funds to meet current needs and investment purposes. The payments have enhanced the respondents’ produce quality and provided additional technical equipment on the farm. An increase in agricultural income due to European Union funds has encouraged farmers to remain in the farming profession in the future.

Subject and purpose of work: The article analyses the influence of optional instruments applied in Poland as part of the first pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy on the average support provided to farms in individual provinces. Materials and methods: The study was based on data from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture as well as quantitative and analytical methods, especially simulations and comparative variant analysis. Results: The optional instruments applied in Poland increased the average support provided to farms in central and eastern Poland. The average amount of support paid per farm would have been bigger in northern, western and southern provinces if optional instruments had not been implemented. Primarily, the introduction of both redistributive payment and production-related support (all forms of this support taken together) resulted in a decrease in the average aid per holding in the same group of provinces and at the same time an increase in this size in other provinces (compared to the situation in which the amounts for financing these instruments would be distributed under the single area payment). Conclusions: The analysis of the influence of redistributive payment and coupled support on the average amount of financial aid per farm in individual provinces shows that the consequences of using these instruments were very similar to each other in their effect on the variable under study.

The paper proved, on theoretical grounds, that direct support scheme induces changes in the volume and structure of goods production in relation to production generated by market operations, thus having a reallocation function. Using the constructed model, the paper graphically presents the impact of applying individual instruments co-creating direct support scheme (area payments, production support and historical payments) on the level of land involvement in agricultural activity and agricultural production volume. This analysis was supplemented with a description of the impact of individual forms of aid on the structure of agricultural production.

The relationship between the Farm Net Income and the location of agricultural activity as well as the importance of LFA payments in equalizing the profitability of farms located in different FADN regions were examined. It was found that during the survey period there was a statistically significant but weak relationship between the Farm Net Income per Family Workers Unit (FWU) and the location of farm (FADN region). The compensatory payments did not reduce the strength of this relationship. / Synopsis. Badano zależność dochodu z rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolnego od miejsca prowadzenia działalności oraz znaczenie płatności ONW w wyrównywaniu dochodowości gospodarstw rolnych zlokalizowanych w poszczególnych regionach FADN. Stwierdzono, że w okresie objętym badaniem istniał statystycznie istotny, ale słaby, związek między dochodem z rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolnego na osobę pełnozatrudnioną z rodziny a lokalizacją gospodarstwa (regionem FADN). Płatności kompensacyjne nie zmniejszyły siły tej zależności.