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One of the utmost important liquid lubrication regime is mixed lubrication regime as it occurs in almost all of the industrial machines & equipments. The most of the major impairments such as wear, micro pitting etc. happen in this lubrication regime. These days, mixed lubrication regime is the least tacit and so a lot of scope for the research is available in the same. Therefore, authors have focused themselves to investigate the effect on various tribological parameters i.e., friction & wear for sliding pair of EN31 & Brass with VG-46 & VG-32 hydraulic oils in mixed lubrication regime. This tribological pair is the most important and standard pair used in various industrial applications. VG-46 & VG-32 are also the most effective lubricants used in various industrial setups. This study will be helpful for various practical applications further because of its widely industrial applicability.

Apthous ulcers are relatively common pathology and are very painful, so in order to facilitate the relief in pain and healing of these ulcers application of LLT has been done in the present study. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers. 30 patients of both sexes and all age groups with two recurrent aphthous ulcers were included in the study. One ulcer in each subject was subjected to Low Level Laser Therapy as study group and one ulcer in each subject was considered for the Sham Control group. The Student’s t-test was used for statistical evaluation of the data. The study group (LLLT) showed a statistically significant reduction in pain as compared to the sham controlled group. Complete resolution of the ulcers in the study group was observed to be 4.7 ± 1.2 days and control group was 8.4 ± 2.6 days. On comparison with the sham group, the complete healing time for the study group (LLLT) was found to be highly significant, with a p value of

The growth of the “green chemistry” has brought to the society a new prospects and broader picture of what mankind can achieve through sustainable manipulation at the chemical scale. Why nature is so important to human being and we must protect our environment. Nature preservation could be achieved by opting the fundamental concepts underlying the principles of green and sustainable chemistry. The use as well as generation of unwanted or harmful byproducts must be avoided by adopting simple, safer and authentic synthesis methodologies. To attain this goal, utilization of natural ecofriendly systems is highly crucial and desired. Among the available physical, chemical and other biogenic green procedures of fabrication for various metal-based nanoparticles, green tea extract application is relatively simple, quick in approach and safer way to generate these nanoparticles. In present review, the different reported metal nanoparticles synthetic methods using green tea is collectively emphasized. The literature precedents using mentioned reports has already been proved themselves cost effective, efficient and eco-friendly alternative for generating metal nanoparticles. Present work also provides the reported applications of generated nanoparticles, which are prepared by this benign procedure.

Chelating resins offer a fast, accurate and simple method for separation and preconcentration of metal ions at low concentrations prior to their determination by an instrumental method. Silica gel-based chelating resin with chemically immobilized aurintricarboxylic acid was synthesized, characterized and used to determine Ni(II) and Cd(II) at trace levels, coupled with their analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The resin had sorption capacities of 0.21 mmol g-1 and 0.10 mmol g-1 for Ni(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The analytical detection limit (N = 20) was 1.70 μg L-1 for Ni(II) and 1.90 μg L-1 for Cd(II). The proposed method was useful for the quantitative determination of Ni(II) and Cd(II) in some commercial and water samples.

EPC is a contractual arrangement in which the responsibility related to engineering services, procurement of raw materials, and construction lie with the contractor. Solar plants, infrastructure projects are some of the examples of EPC projects. With the need of rapid infrastructural development in developing countries like India needs scientific and better management strategies for the EPC projects.EPC projects are diverse requiring proper integration of knowledge of different fields of management and engineering.It is an accepted fact that when any term is understood conceptually it lasts long and is easier to integrate with other concepts.The workforce involved in the projects can share their knowledge with future projects which would lead to better knowledge integration. The problems of the EPC projects is unique therefore knowledge integration and better management strategies will go a long way in enhancing the efficiency of EPC projects. Thefocus of the paper is to identify the nature of EPC projects and understand conceptually the management strategies which can be used in the EPC projects for increasing the performance.The study is important for developing countries like India where EPC projects are gaining increased popularity. Keywords: EPC Projects, Management Strategies, knowledge integration.

In classical economics, labour is one of the three factors of production, along with capital and land. The word welfare has historically been related to happiness and prosperity. Labour welfare implies the adoption of measures to promote the physical, social, psychological and general well-being of the working population. Welfare work in any industry aims, or should aim, at improving the working and living conditions of workers and their families. Adequate levels of earnings, safe and humane conditions of work and access to some minimum social security benefits are the major qualitative dimensions of employment which enhance quality of life of workers and their productivity. Constitution of India, national and internal labour bodies, labour laws, especially the factories act, 1948 and contract labour (Regulation and abolition) Act, 1970 strive to make the working conditions more humane with a view to make workers not only satisfied but also productive. The paper studies the statutory welfare facilities and the provision of leaves as enumerated under Factories Act and contract labour act and social security provisions under different acts. The study was conducted in engineering companies to know the perception of workers about the different dimensions of welfare i.e. statutory welfare measures, social security measures and leaves provided and also to know the impact of worker’s status (permanent/contractual) on such measures. The sample comprised of 97 workers employed with different engineering companies. These companies can be categorised as light and heavy engineering companies employing varying strength of workers. The results indicated that though significant workers were satisfied with the welfare facilities, some workers perceive welfare facilities to be inadequate and there is impact of worker’s status on the perception of workers. Keywords: Labour, Welfare, Engineering, Permanent worker, Contractual worker.

Health insurance is a mechanism that provides financial coverage for sickness or injury. Over the past few decades, India’s achievement in terms of health improvement has been remarkable but health insurance industry is still way behind many other developing countries. This study examines the changes that have taken place in the Indian health insurance industry over a period of time and the issues and challenges the industry faces. The study utilized available data from more than 35 researches and relative studies conducted with respect to the health insurance sector. Not even a quarter of population in India is covered under any health insurance scheme. The penetration rate and expenditure on health insurance has been quite low. Penetration rate can be increased by means of micro-insurance, group insurance, government regulations over private sector and more schemes to reach out the rural masses with high competitive and service oriented delivery mechanism. However, the recent schemes and initiatives by government targeting the rural areas are becoming popular and may prove to be the appropriate way of supporting the society as a whole thereby saving it from the ruinous expenditure. Keywords: Health insurance, Health care system, Penetration, Evolution of health insurance

Indian society mainly has deep rooted close connection of family system, where Indian women has the role to play as nurturers and caretakers of whole family. India, in her transition phase, post independence faced lot of challenges at all levels of the society. With modernization and globalization, India people were worried with future and culture shocks. It was big paradigm shift for Indian closed mindsets. Out of the need of the hour, situations and circumstances, and many reasons led Indian women to go out for work for living. Soon, the concept of egalitarian society and women empowerment at every stage from Indian girls to Indian women reach the horizon of their career. But it was found that even after reaching to top, Indian women have to work wholly on her family roles. Stages comes into life of women – from marriage to children to care takers and other extremes situations, where she has to compromise in career. Hence it is the need to examine the phenomenon of the work-life balance of Indian women professionals in greater depth. The key research question: To identify the core reasons and challenges Indian women face for effective work life balance? To determine the work life balance and its related factors influence the Indian women professionals? To develop the strategies to apply for satisdfying work-family balance. First the emerging themes must be understood in the light of the literature on work-family balance. Then conclusions to be drawn on how women professionals in India manage their lives. Keywords: Indian Women, Profession, Business Class, Service Class, Work Life Balance, Working Women

What is known and objective Doravirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. This phase 1 study in healthy adults investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of long-acting parenteral (LAP) microsuspension formulations of doravirine administered as an intramuscular (IM) injection. Methods After confirmation of tolerability and safety of oral doravirine, 36 participants were randomized 1:1:1 to receive IM doravirine 200 mg as Treatment A (1 × 1 mL, 20% [200 mg/mL] suspension), B (1 × 0.66 mL, 30% [300 mg/mL] suspension) or C (2 × 0.5 mL, 20% suspension). Blood samples were taken as venous plasma, venous dried blood spots (DBS) and fingerstick DBS. Results and discussion Plasma concentration-time profiles following IM treatments demonstrated rapid initial doravirine release, with initial peak ~4 days post-injection, followed by decline over the next ~6 days; a second peak was reached at ~24-36 days, corresponding to prolonged and sustained release, with measurable concentrations up to Day 183. Treatment C was associated with highest peak concentrations and shortest time to maximum concentration. Elimination half-lives for all IM formulations were prolonged versus oral administration (~46-58 days vs ~11-15 hours). Oral doravirine and IM doravirine were generally well tolerated; injection-site pain was the most common adverse event for IM doravirine. Doravirine concentrations from DBS samples showed strong correlations to venous plasma concentrations. What is new and conclusions Novel doravirine LAP IM injection formulations investigated in this study demonstrated sustained plasma doravirine concentrations over a course of >20 weeks.

Injectable sustained release dosage forms have emerged as desirable therapeutic routes for patients that require life-long treatments. The prevalence of drug molecules with low aqueous solubility and bioavailability has added momentum toward the development of suspension-based long-acting parenteral (LAP) formulations; the previously undesirable physicochemical properties of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II/IV compounds are best suited for extended release applications. Effective in vitro release (IVR) testing of crystalline suspensions affirms product quality during early-stage development and provides connections with in vivo performance. However, before in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) can be established, it is necessary to evaluate formulation attributes that directly affect IVR properties. In this work, a series of crystalline LAP nanosuspensions were formulated with different stabilizing polymers and applied to a continuous flow-through (USP-4) dissolution method. This technique confirmed the role of salt effects on the stability of polymer-coated nanoparticles through the detection of disparate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) release profiles. The polymer stabilizers with extended hydrophilic chains exhibited elevated intrapolymer activity from the loss of hydrogen-bond cushioning in dissolution media with heightened ionic strength, confirmed through one-dimensional (1D) 1H NMR and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D NOESY) experiments. Thus, steric repulsion within the affected nanosuspensions was limited and release rates decreased. Additionally, the strength of interaction between hydrophobic polymer components and the API crystalline surface contributed to suspension dissolution properties, confirmed through solution- and solid-state spectroscopic analyses. This study provides a unique perspective on the dynamic interface between the crystalline drug and aqueous microenvironment during dissolution.

A case of probable coronary arteritis in a young girl who died suddenly and unexpectedly is presented. The histologic presentation of the disorder is discussed, especially the differential diagnosis of arteritis of the coronary arteries with an emphasis on tuberculosis (TB). TB myocarditis with or without concomitant lung involvement is rare, and tubercular coronary arteritis without underlying pulmonary Koch’s disease is all the rarer. We herein describe a case where the cause of death was ascertained on post-mortem examination.

Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disease that degrades the eye’s ability to grasp visual acuity. The antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) thera...

Psychiatry and Endocrinology share a deep rooted, multifaceted bidirectional relationship. Both have seen a surge in cases due to change in lifestyle. Time has come where these two rapidly growing fields interact and exchange knowledge leading to emergence of Psychocrinology. This communication describes the rationale behind using the term psychocrinology, and provides an overview of it's vast spectrum.

Injectable sustained release dosage forms have emerged as desirable therapeutic routes for patients that require life-long treatments. The prevalence of drug molecules with low aqueous solubility and bioavailability has added momentum toward the development of suspension-based long-acting parenteral (LAP) formulations; the previously undesirable physicochemical properties of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II/IV compounds are best suited for extended release applications. Effective

Despite the increasing trend towards subcutaneous delivery of monoclonal antibodies, factors influencing the subcutaneous bioavailability of these molecules remain poorly understood. To address critical knowledge gaps and issues during development of subcutaneous dosage forms for monoclonal antibodies, the Subcutaneous Drug Delivery and Development Consortium was convened in 2018 as a pre-competitive collaboration of recognized industry experts. One of the Consortium's eight problem statements highlights the challenges of predicting human bioavailability of subcutaneously administered monoclonal antibodies due to a lack of reliable in vitro and preclinical in vivo predictive models. In this paper, we assess the current landscape in subcutaneous bioavailability prediction for monoclonal antibodies and discuss the gaps and opportunities associated with bioavailability models for biotherapeutics. We also issue an open challenge to industry and academia, encouraging the development of reliable models to enable subcutaneous bioavailability prediction of therapeutic large molecules in humans and improve translation from preclinical species.

The past decade has seen the materialization of immune checkpoint blockade as an emerging approach to cancer treatment. However, the overall response and patient survival are still modest. Various efforts to study the “cancer immunogram” have highlighted complex biology that necessitates a multipronged approach. This includes increasing the antigenicity of the tumor, strengthening the immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, removing the immunosuppressive mechanisms, and reducing immune cell exhaustion. The coordination of these approaches, as well as the ability to enhance them through delivery, is evaluated. Due to their success in multiple preclinical models, external‐stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles have received tremendous attention. Several studies report success in distantly located tumor regression, metastases, and reoccurrence in preclinical mouse models. However, clinical translation in this space remains low. Herein, the recent advancement in external‐stimuli‐responsive nanoconstruct‐synergized immune checkpoint blockade is summarized, offering an industry perspective on the limitations of current academic innovations and discussing challenges in translation from a technical, manufacturing, and regulatory perspective. These limitations and challenges will need to be addressed to establish external‐stimuli‐based therapeutic strategies for patients., Herein, the recent advancement in external‐stimuli‐responsive nanoconstruct‐synergized immune checkpoint blockade is summarized, offering an industry perspective on the limitations of current academic innovations and discussing challenges in translation from a technical, manufacturing, and regulatory perspective. These limitations and challenges will need to be addressed to establish external‐stimuli‐based therapeutic strategies for patients.

Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibacterial agent with potent bactericidal activity against a broad range of Gram-positive organisms. In 2003, daptomycin for injection received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs); in 2006, it was approved for the treatment of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, including those with right-sided infective endocarditis caused by methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant isolates. In 2016, the FDA approved a new formulation of daptomycin for injection (daptomycin RF) for the same indications. The efficacy and safety of daptomycin for injection have been established in pivotal clinical trials, and the findings of nonclinical studies indicate that both formulations of daptomycin for injection are equivalent. Herein we refer to the new daptomycin formulation as daptomycin RF to distinguish it from the original formulation. Daptomycin RF provides clinicians and clinical pharmacists with a product that offers improved stability and more rapid, in-vial reconstitution with either sterile or bacteriostatic water for injection, while maintaining the same antibacterial coverage. Here we discuss the rationale for and the potential value of daptomycin RF, and briefly review the similarities and differences between the original formulation of daptomycin and daptomycin RF.

There is an increased incidence of diabetes worldwide. The discovery of insulin revolutionized the management of diabetes, the revelation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and introduction of GLP-1 receptor agonists to clinical practice was another breakthrough. Continued translational research resulted in better understanding of diabetes, which, in combination with cutting-edge biology, chemistry, and pharmaceutical tools, have allowed for the development of safer, more effective and convenient insulins and GLP-1. Advances in self-administration of insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies with use of drug-device combination products have further improved the outcomes of diabetes management and quality of life for diabetic patients. The synergies of insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonist actions have led to development of devices that can deliver both molecules simultaneously. New chimeric GLP-1-incretins and insulin-GLP-1-incretin molecules are also being developed. The objective of this review is to summarize molecular designs to improve the drug-like properties of insulin and GLP-1 and to highlight the continued advancement of drug-device combination products to improve diabetes management.

Globulomaxillary cyst is a rare, spurious cyst. It was considered to be an inclusion or developmental cyst that arises from entrapped nonodontogenic epithelium in the globulomaxillary suture. Later, it was included as a fissural cyst secondary to proliferation of entrapped epithelium between the globular portion of the medial nasal and maxillary processes. Because of lack of evidence to support the theory of embryogenic epithelial entrapment in the site, most authors dispute the presence of the lesion. Herein, we are presenting a case of globulomaxillary cyst in a 20 year old female patient with an unusual radiographic appearance as a full moon.

Coeliac autoimmunity (CA) has a known association with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) for which screening is routinely recommended but less frequently followed. The impact of CA in T1DM has been variably reported. The aims of this study are as follows: (1) to study the prevalence of CA in patients with T1DM and (2) to study the impact of CA not only on nutritional parameters but also on glycaemic control, endocrine axes and bone health.Eighty-six consecutive patients with T1DM were screened for CA using immunoglobulin A (IgA) tissue transglutaminase as a marker (TTG; IgG anti-gliadin in IgA-deficient case). CA positive (CA+) cases were compared with age-matched and sex-matched CA negative (CA-) T1DM cases for anthropometry, glycaemic control (assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and hypoglycaemic/hyperglycaemic episodes), endocrine (thyroid function, cortisol, growth hormone (GH) axis, gonadal axes), haematological (haemoglobin, iron profile and vitamin B12 status) and calcium metabolism parameters and bone densitometry (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)). Consenting patients with CA also underwent upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy with duodenal biopsy.Out of 86 patients, 11 (12.75%) screened positive for CA (seven patients underwent duodenal biopsies which were suggestive of Marsh grade III(2), II(3) and I(2) disease). The CA+ T1DM patients were comparable with CA- T1DM in terms of anthropometry. CA+ patients had higher HbA1c (10.7±1.8 vs. 8.4±1.0 (93±19 vs. 68±11 mmol/mol); p0.01), more hypoglycaemic episodes (five vs. two; p0.05), higher prevalence of iron and vitamin B12 deficiency, lower insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and lower bone mineral density (BMD) z-score at total body (-1.91±1.05 vs. -0.63±0.73; p0.05) and lumbar spine (-1.69±0.92 vs. -0.36±0.93; p0.05). The incidence of fractures in the past 3years was also more in CA+ patients than in CA- patients (four vs. one; p0.05).CA has an important autoimmune association with T1DM. The concomitant presence of CA adversely affects stature, bone health, glycaemic control and iron and B12 levels in T1DM. IgA sufficiency should be ensured before using an IgA-based screening test for CA.