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Traditional unsupervised domain adaptation methods attempt to align source and target domains globally and are agnostic to the categories of the data points. This results in an inaccurate categorical alignment and diminishes the classification performance on the target domain. In this paper, we alter existing adversarial domain alignment methods to adhere to category alignment by imputing category information. We partition the samples based on category using source labels and target pseudo labels and then apply domain alignment for every category. Our proposed modification provides a boost in performance even with a modest pseudo label estimator. We evaluate our approach on 4 popular domain alignment loss functions using object recognition and digit datasets.

In this paper, we propose an image-translation-based unsupervised domain adaptation approach that iteratively trains an image translation and a classification network using each other. In Phase A, a classification network is used to guide the image translation to preserve the content and generate images. In Phase B, the generated images are used to train the classification network. With each step, the classification network and generator improve each other to learn the target domain representation. Detailed analysis and the experiments are testimony of the strength of our approach.

Background: Chronic low back pain (LBP) is the most common musculoskeletal condition affecting a person’s quality of life. Over the past decades, a lot of work was done in an attempt to reduce the negative impact of LBP, and help patients recover and maintain a better quality of life. Nevertheless, there is still a lot to be done to fully understand the problem of underlying chronic LBP and a wide gap that exist between basic science and applied rehabilitation research on LBP. Objectives: This was an open label, multicentric, observational, post-marketing surveillance study in a real-world setup designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MyrliMax® capsules containing standardised Commiphora myrrha gum resin extract in Indian subjects with chronic LBP varying in intensity. Materials and methods:This study included 204 subjects diagnosed with chronic LBP at the outpatient department of 20 centres under the supervision of a medical doctor. All subjects took MyrliMax® capsules twice daily for 20 days. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score, rescue medicine requirement, therapy satisfaction scores and safety parameters were assessed as per the schedule. Outcomes:Treatment with MyrliMax® capsules significantly (p

Background: Spinal instrumentation using rods and screws have become procedure of choice for posterior fixation. Vertebral artery anatomy is highly variable in this region posing challenges during surgery. Our study used 3D printer model to understand the anatomy and variations in vertebral artery in live patients thereby providing an accurate idea about vertebral artery injury risk in these patients preoperatively and to rehearse the whole procedure. Methods: Ten patients of developmental craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies who were planned for operative intervention in the Department of Neurosurgery at SMS Hospital from February 2016 to December 2016 were analysed using a 3D printer model. Results: Out of twenty vertebral arteries studied in ten patients, two were hypoplastic and out of these one could not be appreciated on 3D printer model .Out of remaining nineteen, thirteen arteries were found to lie outside the joint, three were in lateral third, one traversed the middle third of joint and one lied in medial third. In one patient, the vertebral artery was stretched and it traversed horizontally over the joint. Out of ten patients studied, nine were having occipitalised atlas and so entry of these vertebral arteries into cranium were classified as given by Wang et al. into four types. Conclusions: By our study, 3D printer model was extremely helpful in analyzing joints and vertebral artery preoperatively and making the surgeon acquainted about the placement and trajectory of the screws accordingly. In our opinion, these models should be included as a basic investigation tool in these patients.

Intracranial hemorrhage is the most fatal complication of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) and is very rare(

Spontaneous onset extradural hematoma (EDH) is a very rare entity and has been seen mostly to be associated with adjacent infective pathologies, dural vascular malformations, extradural metastasis, or coagulopathies. We report a series of two such cases and review the literature. One case presented with spontaneous EDH that was managed conservatively and was diagnosed to have chronic kidney disease later; the other had deranged coagulation profile and liver function secondary to drug induced hepatitis and was operated. Both patients were discharged in a stable condition and were improving on follow up.

BACKGROUND: Flexible intramedullary nails have gained widespread popularity for stabilization of pediatric fractures of long bones of lower extremity. AIMS: Purpose of our study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of titanium elastic nailing system (TENS) for paediatric lower extremity long bone fractures. METHODS: All children operated for lower extremity long bone fractures at our tertiary care centre (Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore) between Jan 2012 to Dec 2013 who underwent fixation with TENS were reviewed. Out of 57 cases identified, 4 cases were lost to follow-up. Of the 53 cases, 58.49 per cent were males (boys 31 and girls 22). The average age of patients was 10.8 years (range 6- 14 years). The mean weight was 28.8 kg (range 16 kg - 42 kg). All fractures were reduced by closed manipulation. Outcomes were classified as excellent, satisfactory or poor according to Flynn flexible nail fixation classification. RESULTS: As per Flynn classification, we had 36 excellent, 14 good and 1 poor result. All patients attained complete healing at mean of 11.2 weeks (Range 7 - 16 weeks). Mean duration of hospital stay was of 5 days (Range 3 - 16 days). CONCLUSION: On the basis of results obtained TENS is an effective method for management of unstable paediatric fractures of long bones of lower extremity allowing rapid

To report a case series of eyes with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy and steep nonkeratoconic corneas.Retrospective, descriptive, nonrandomized case series.Thirty-five eyes of 18 patients (14 cases from 6 families and 4 isolated cases) with diffuse posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy had mean topographic simulated keratometry readings of 52.21 diopters (D), with a range of 46.47 D to 59.86 D and an SD of 3.69 D, with no slit-lamp or topographic findings suggestive of keratoconus.The patients in this series demonstrate diffuse posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy and nonkeratoconic steep corneas.

Purpose To evaluate the biologic effect of subconjunctival recombinant interferon α2b (IFNα2b) for the treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Design Retrospective study. Participants Patients with primary or recurrent OSSN treated with subconjunctival injections of recombinant IFNα2b were studied retrospectively. Intervention Patients were given perilesional subconjunctival injections of 3 million international units in 0.5 ml of IFNα2b (Intron; Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ) until tumor resolution. Main Outcome Measures Patients were followed up clinically and photographically for evidence of tumor resolution and were monitored for evidence of tumor recurrence. Results The authors present a series of 15 eyes (14 patients) that were treated with perilesional, subconjunctival, recombinant IFNα2b. Clinical resolution of the tumor occurred in 13 of 15 eyes. The median time to resolution was 1.4 months (range, 0.6–5.7). In the time of follow-up after lesion resolution (median, 55 months), only 1 of the 15 eyes in the study exhibited disease recurrence, and this occurred 4 months after clinical resolution. Conclusions Perilesional subconjunctival recombinant IFNα2b may be a viable medical alternative for the treatment of OSSN. Future studies will be needed to evaluate the ideal treatment regimen of IFNα2b. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

BACKGROUND/AIMS To compare the effectiveness and side-effect profile of two doses of interferon alpha2b (IFNalpha2b) eye-drops (1 million international units (IU)/ml versus 3 million IU/ml) in the treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). METHODS Retrospective case series. RESULTS Thirty-five eyes were identified over an 11-year period (1996-2007). Twenty-one eyes (19 patients) with conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were treated with 1 million IU/ml of topical IFN-alpha2b; 12 eyes (nine patients) with CIN were treated with 3 million IU/ml. Two patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were treated with topical interferon, one with 1 million IU/ml and one with 3 million IU/ml. Baseline demographic information was not statistically different between the two groups. In patients with CIN, topical therapy eliminated disease in 81% of eyes in the 1 million IU/ml group versus 92%, in the 3 million IU/ml group, p=0.41. The median time to OSSN resolution was 2.8 months in the 1 million IU/ml group and 1.9 months in the 3 million IU/ml group, p=0.55. Neither eye with SCC responded to interferon therapy. Topical therapy was well tolerated. After a median follow-up of 24 months, three recurrences were seen in eyes successfully treated with topical therapy. CONCLUSION In our study, there were no significant differences between the 1 million IU/ml group and the 3 million IU/ml group for the treatment of CIN.

Objective To further explore the patient experience of seeking help for a sexual function complaint. Design Survey administered on a Web-based instrument. Setting Healthy volunteers visiting an online Website. Patient(s) The majority of participants were married (73%), Caucasian (88%), and premenopausal (67%). Most commonly reported sexual complaints included low desire (77%), low arousal (62%), and difficulty achieving orgasm (56%). Intervention(s) None. Main outcome measure(s) Patient experience survey on a women's sexual health website. Result(s) Although 40% of the women reported that they did not seek help from a physician for sexual function complaints, 54% reported that they would like to. Although only a minority of the women internalized their experience with extremely negative emotions like shame, devaluation, or disgust, the experience was not a particularly emotionally positive one along the lines of relief, optimism, or confidence, and a great deal of frustration and anxiety about treatment was reported. Conclusion(s) The extent to which health professionals currently receive exposure to training in human sexuality as well as the way in which female sexual complaints are handled in the medical setting remain ambiguous. The inflow of patients with sexual function complaints only will increase, and it is time for physicians to start to acknowledge women's sexuality with the same importance their patients do.

Female sexual dysfunction is age-related, progressive and highly prevalent, affecting 30 - 50% of American women. While there are emotional and relational elements to sexual function, it has become increasingly evident that female sexual dysfunction can occur secondary to medical problems and has an organic basis. A plethora of different female sexual dysfunctions exist and in order to obtain a greater understanding of the possible treatments for these problems, it is essential to have a strong knowledge base of female pelvic anatomy, the neurogenic mediators of female sexual response, the impact of hormones on female sexual function and the aetiologies of female sexual dysfunction. Currently, there are potential therapeutic options for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction and these options include both hormonal and pharmacological therapy. However, therapeutic agents may not prove to be enough and the ideal approach to female sexual dysfunction is thus a collaborative effort between therapists and physicians, which should include a complete medical and psychosocial evaluation, as well as inclusion of the partner or spouse in the evaluation and treatment process.

To evaluate the biologic effect of subconjunctival recombinant interferon α2b (IFNα2b) for the treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).Retrospective study.Patients with primary or recurrent OSSN treated with subconjunctival injections of recombinant IFNα2b were studied retrospectively.Patients were given perilesional subconjunctival injections of 3 million international units in 0.5 ml of IFNα2b (Intron; Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ) until tumor resolution.Patients were followed up clinically and photographically for evidence of tumor resolution and were monitored for evidence of tumor recurrence.The authors present a series of 15 eyes (14 patients) that were treated with perilesional, subconjunctival, recombinant IFNα2b. Clinical resolution of the tumor occurred in 13 of 15 eyes. The median time to resolution was 1.4 months (range, 0.6-5.7). In the time of follow-up after lesion resolution (median, 55 months), only 1 of the 15 eyes in the study exhibited disease recurrence, and this occurred 4 months after clinical resolution.Perilesional subconjunctival recombinant IFNα2b may be a viable medical alternative for the treatment of OSSN. Future studies will be needed to evaluate the ideal treatment regimen of IFNα2b.

Purpose To present the microbiologic spectrum and susceptibilities of isolates in posttraumatic endophthalmitis, and to provide a review of the literature. Design Retrospective consecutive case series. Methods A review of 1182 consecutive open globe injuries was performed, identifying 10 patients with culture-proven endophthalmitis. Results Thirteen organisms were isolated from 10 eyes with posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Isolated organisms included Streptococcus species (46.2%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (23.1%), and Bacillus cereus (15.4%). All organisms tested were susceptible to vancomycin and tobramycin. The most commonly isolated organisms from an aggregate posttraumatic endophthalmitis pool of 372 cases obtained by literature-based meta-analysis were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (21.5%) and Bacillus cereus (18.5%). Conclusion We report a high prevalence of gram-positive pathogens and a notable prevalence of Bacillus cereus in posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Susceptibility results suggest that posttraumatic endophthalmitis isolates are generally susceptible to vancomycin and tobramycin.

Chondroblastoma was first described as calcified giant cell tumor by Ewing. Chondroblastoma is a rare primary benign tumor of bone with a relatively high incidence in older children. Ninety percent of patients are between the ages of 5 and 25 years; males predominate with a ratio of 3 to 2. Metastasis of a histologically benign chondroblastoma is rare. The suggested treatment for aggressive chondroblastoma ranges from simple curettage to resection with a margin of surrounding normal tissue and structural reconstruction. In this report, our aim was to present a rare tumor chondroblastoma which was localized in the distal femoral epiphysis.