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Abstract Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss. Photobiomodulation (PBM) offers a controversial approach for managing dry AMD, aiming to halt or reverse progression through mitochondrial activity modulation. However, the efficacy and clinical relevance of PBM as a potential approach for managing dry AMD remain debated. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PBM versus a sham in patients with dry AMD. We performed trial sequential analysis (TSA) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) calculations to assess statistical and clinical significance applying a random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results We included three RCTs comprising 247 eyes. The pooled analysis showed that PBM significant improved BCVA (MD 1.76 letters; 95% CI: 0.04 to 3.48) and drusen volume (MD -0.12 mm³; 95% CI: -0.22 to -0.02) as compared with a sham control. However, the TSA indicated that the current sample sizes were insufficient for reliable conclusions. No significant differences were observed in GA area. The MCID analysis suggested that the statistically significant results did not translate into clinically significant benefits. In the quality assessment, all studies were deemed to have a high risk of bias. Conclusion This meta-analysis points limitations in the current evidence base for PBM in dry AMD treatment, with issues around small sample sizes. Statistically significant improvements do not translate into clinical benefits. The research underscores need for larger RCTs to validate PBM’s therapeutic potential for dry AMD.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Myopia is a growing global concern and there is a lack of studies on its prevalence among Brazilian schoolchildren. Methods: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of myopia in Brazilian children aged 3–18 years through a review and meta-analysis of published studies. Eleven high-quality studies were analyzed following the 2022 PRISMA guidelines. Prevalence was calculated using a meta-analysis, considering the heterogeneity among the studies. Results: The overall crude prevalence of myopia in Brazilian children was 7.65%. There was no significant association with the age of the children examined and no significant temporal trend was observed. Approximately one in 13 Brazilian schoolchildren had myopia. Conclusion: Given the increased exposure of Brazilian youth to the risk factors for myopia, it is crucial to monitor myopia in the country. Further studies are required to address and prevent myopia in Brazil.