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As behavioural science is increasingly adopted by organizations, there is a growing need to assess the robustness and transferability of empirical findings. Here, we investigate the transferability of insights from various sources of behavioural science knowledge to field settings. Across three pre-registered randomized controlled trials (RCTs, N = 314,824) involving a critical policy domain-COVID-19 booster uptake-we field tested text-based interventions that either increased vaccinations in prior field work (RCT1, NCT05586204), elevated vaccination intentions in an online study (RCT2, NCT05586178) or were favoured by scientists and non-experts (RCT3, NCT05586165). Despite repeated exposure to COVID-19 vaccination messaging in our population, reminders and psychological ownership language increased booster uptake, replicating prior findings. However, strategies deemed effective by prediction or intention surveys, such as encouraging the bundling of COVID-19 boosters and flu shots or addressing misconceptions, yielded no detectable benefits over simple reminders. These findings underscore the importance of testing interventions transferability to real-world settings.

IntroductionAcquiring mathematical concepts is crucial for students’ academic achievements, future prospects and overall well-being. This study explores the role of emotions in a symbolic number comparison task and the impact of the use of a tangible tool.MethodsFifty-nine healthy children aged 6 to 7 years participated in a between-subject study with two conditions for the modality, digital tools vs the use of pen and paper, and two conditions for emotions, positive vs neutral.ResultsThe study provided evidence that positive emotions can improve task efficiency for pen and paper modality, and the use of the digital tool improves task efficiency with both positive and negative emotions.DiscussionThese findings suggest that addressing emotional factors before engaging in a symbolic task can enhance learning and that interactive technology may give a more significant benefit to students with less positive attitudes toward the task. Incorporating effective teaching methodologies that utilize tangible devices within a positive emotional context can foster engagement and achievement in mathematics, optimizing students’ learning experiences.

Moral behavior is more prevalent when individuals cannot easily distort their beliefs self-servingly. Do individuals seek to limit or enable their ability to distort beliefs? How do these choices affect behavior? Experiments with over 9,000 participants show preferences are heterogeneous—30 percent of participants prefer to limit belief distortion, while over 40 percent prefer to enable it, even if costly. A random assignment mechanism reveals that being assigned to the preferred environment is necessary for curbing or enabling self-serving behavior. Third parties can anticipate these effects, suggesting some sophistication about the cognitive constraints to belief distortion. (JEL C91, D82, D83, D91)

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o estado da arte e identificar a estrutura conceitual subjacente sobre o fenômeno do humor no ambiente de trabalho. Para tanto, uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada com uso da base de dados da Web of Science. Os resultados revelaram que a estrutura conceitual da temática é concebida por investigações dos tipos de humor, instrumento de medida, usos do humor e os seus efeitos para as organizações. Além disso, os principais usos do humor referem-se a: proteção contra supervisão abusiva, expressão da criatividade e pensamento crítico, comunicação direta e indireta a partir do sarcasmo, aliviar o estresse e tensões e incentivar o trabalho cooperativo. A partir dos itinerários de pesquisa, lacunas na literatura existente foram encontradas e que inspiraram a criação de uma agenda de pesquisa. Esta revisão apresenta um panorama que pode auxiliar gestores, trabalhadores e organizações a compreenderem a relevância estratégica do humor no contexto do trabalho. É esperado que a temática se torne pauta nas agendas de pesquisa no âmbito da Gestão de Pessoas e Comportamento Organizacional.

Objectives: To review and discuss the role of an elimination diet in food-allergic children, emphasizing nutritional aspects for a better practical approach. Sources: Non-systematic review of the literature. Findings: Under an elimination diet, food-allergic patients may suffer from growth impairment or obesity and compromised quality of life. Disease phenotype, age, type, number of foods excluded, comorbidities, eating difficulties, economic status, and food availability must be considered for an appropriate diet prescription. Diet quality encompasses diversity and degree of food processing, which may alter immune regulation. Conclusions: A friendly food elimination diet prescription depends on a multidisciplinary approach beyond macro and micronutrients.

Enhancing vaccine uptake is a critical public health challenge1. Overcoming vaccine hesitancy2,3 and failure to follow through on vaccination intentions3 requires effective communication strategies3,4. Here we present two sequential randomized controlled trials to test the effect of behavioural interventions on the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. We designed text-based reminders that make vaccination salient and easy, and delivered them to participants drawn from a healthcare system one day (first randomized controlled trial) (n = 93,354 participants; clinicaltrials number NCT04800965) and eight days (second randomized controlled trial) (n = 67,092 individuals; clinicaltrials number NCT04801524) after they received a notification of vaccine eligibility. The first reminder boosted appointment and vaccination rates within the healthcare system by 6.07 (84%) and 3.57 (26%) percentage points, respectively; the second reminder increased those outcomes by 1.65 and 1.06 percentage points, respectively. The first reminder had a greater effect when it was designed to make participants feel ownership of the vaccine dose. However, we found no evidence that combining the first reminder with a video-based information intervention designed to address vaccine hesitancy heightened its effect. We performed online studies (n = 3,181 participants) to examine vaccination intentions, which revealed patterns that diverged from those of the first randomized controlled trial; this underscores the importance of pilot-testing interventions in the field. Our findings inform the design of behavioural nudges for promoting health decisions5, and highlight the value of making vaccination easy and inducing feelings of ownership over vaccines.

Abstract Background Individuals undergoing bariatric surgery often have inadequate protein intake, which can cause loss of lean body mass, low level of physical activity and sarcopenia. The whey protein supplement is the most suitable in this situation, however there is a low adherence to long-term use due to the palatability and monotony of the recipes. The aim this study was to analyze the acceptability of recipes containing whey-based protein supplements in individuals undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery. Methods An on-demand sampling was performed, through a prospective, experimental study, with individuals undergoing bariatric surgery, treated by a multidisciplinary team, in a clinic located in São Paulo, Brazil. The study excluded: individuals with possible changes in taste during the sensory testing period. The study was divided into selection of recipes containing whey proteins, recruitment of tasters, sensory and chemical analysis of the recipes. Results The sample consisted of 40 tasters, adults, and elderly, who underwent bariatric and metabolic surgery, with a median of eight years of surgery, who had previously consumed a supplement. These individuals were subjected to sensory analysis of six recipes with fresh and minimally processed foods, plus protein supplement. All recipes had food acceptance above 78% and the chemical analysis of the recipes showed an average of 13 g of protein per serving. Conclusion There was favorable acceptance of recipes with whey proteins, which places them as good dietary alternatives for the prevention of sarcopenia and weight relapse in individuals undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery.

Abstract Background Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a DNA repair disorder characterized by changes in several organs and systems. Advances in clinical protocols have resulted in increased survival of A-T patients, however disease progression is evident, mainly through metabolic and liver changes. Objective To identify the frequency of significant hepatic fibrosis in A-T patients and to verify the association with metabolic alterations and degree of ataxia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that included 25 A-T patients aged 5 to 31 years. Anthropometric data, liver, inflammatory, lipid metabolism and glucose biomarkers (oral glucose tolerance test with insulin curve—OGTT) were collected. The Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale was applied to assess the degree of ataxia. The following were calculated: Homeostasis Model Assessment—Insulin Resistance, Homeostasis Model Assessment—Adiponectin (HOMA-AD), Matsuda index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST): platelet ratio index, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and BARD score. Liver ultrasonography and transient liver elastography by FibroScan® were performed. Results Significant hepatic fibrosis was observed in 5/25 (20%). Patients in the group with significant hepatic fibrosis were older (p

ABSTRACT Objective To compare serum amyloid A concentrations between overweight and eutrophic children and adolescents and to relate it to lipid profiles, glucose tolerance, and carotid intima-media thickness. Methods One hundred children and adolescents (mean age: 10.8±3.16 years) were included and divided into two groups: overweight and non-overweight. The following were evaluated: Z-score body mass index, carotid intima-media thickness, lipid metabolism biomarkers (lipid profile and apolipoproteins A1 and B), inflammatory biomarkers (ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A), and glucose homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Results The groups were homogeneous in age, sex, and pubertal stage. Higher levels of triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and carotid intima-media thickness were observed in the overweight group. In the multivariate analysis, age (OR=1.73; 95%CI: 1.16-2.60, p=0.007), Z-score body mass index (OR=3.76; 95%CI: 1.64-8.59, p=0.002), apolipoprotein-B (OR=1.1; 95%CI: 1.01-1.2, p=0.030), and carotid intima-media thickness (OR=5.00; 95%CI: 1.38-18.04, p=0.014) were independently associated with serum amyloid A levels above the fourth quartile of the studied sample (>9.4mg/dL). Conclusion Overweight children and adolescents had higher serum amyloid A concentrations than eutrophic children. There was an independent association between higher concentrations of serum amyloid A and Z-score, body mass index, apolipoprotein B, and carotid intima-media thickness, indicating the importance of this inflammatory biomarker in identifying the early risk of atherosclerosis.

Abstract Objective To present an updated and evidence-based guideline for the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess body composition in clinical practice. Materials and methods This Official Position was developed by the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo, ABRASSO) and experts in the field who were invited to contribute to the preparation of this document. The authors searched current databases for relevant publications in the area of body composition assessment. In this second part of the Official Position, the authors discuss the interpretation and reporting of body composition parameters assessed by DXA and the use of DXA for body composition evaluation in special situations, including evaluation of children, persons with HIV, and animals. Conclusion This document offers recommendations for the use of DXA in body composition evaluation, including indications, interpretation, and applications, to serve as a guiding tool in clinical practice and research for health care professionals in Brazil.

Introduction: Acquiring mathematical concepts is crucial for students' academic achievements, future prospects and overall well-being. This study explores the role of emotions in a symbolic number comparison task and the impact of the use of a tangible tool. Methods: Fifty-nine healthy children aged 6 to 7 years participated in a between-subject study with two conditions for the modality, digital tools vs the use of pen and paper, and two conditions for emotions, positive vs neutral. Results: The study provided evidence that positive emotions can improve task efficiency for pen and paper modality, and the use of the digital tool improves task efficiency with both positive and negative emotions. Discussion: These findings suggest that addressing emotional factors before engaging in a symbolic task can enhance learning and that interactive technology may give a more significant benefit to students with less positive attitudes toward the task. Incorporating effective teaching methodologies that utilize tangible devices within a positive emotional context can foster engagement and achievement in mathematics, optimizing students' learning experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most pregnant teenagers, even wanting their pregnancy and being insured by public policies, face difficulties in their relationships with their family and partner, tending to suffer from the disruption of their lives. Thus, this work aims to understand the perceptions of primiparous teenagers about the impact of pregnancy on their social relationships. This is a qualitative study based on the theoretical framework of Morin's Complex Thinking. The study was carried out with 17 primiparous adolescents followed up at the Adolescent Prenatal Outpatient Clinic of the School Health Center in Santo André, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected through the Interview Technique and processed through Content Analysis. As a result, three categories were obtained - the partner's reaction to the pregnancy, the family's understanding of pregnancy, and the change in their social network after pregnancy. Many teenagers relate pregnancy to the idealization of becoming an adult and respected for the fact of becoming a mother. Partners do not always have this dream of being a father and keeping a family. The family, on the other hand, remains the first choice in the support of teenage couples, but some pregnant women did not demonstrate enough freedom to dialogue with their family members. It is noticed that teenage pregnancy generates social changes, especially with regards to school dropouts and social withdrawal. Thus, it is noted that teenage pregnancy generates difficult biopsychosocial transformations, such as dropping out of school and moving away from their social circle, demonstrating a suffering on the part of the teenagers.

ObjectiveHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, about 20% of the patients develop extrahepatic manifestations such as cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV), polyarteritis nodosa, non-rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This review analyzed literature data on clinical manifestations of HBV-related CV and the impact of antiviral therapy with analoques nucleotide.MethodsA PubMed search was performed to select eligible studies in the literature, up to July 2022.ResultsSome studies have analyzed clinical manifestations in HBV-related CV and have investigated the role of antiviral therapy with nucleotides analogues (NAs). Clinical manifestations of CV vary from mild to moderate (purpura, asthenia and arthralgias) to severe (leg ulcers, peripheral neuropathy, glomerulonephritis, and non-Hodking lymphoma). NAs therapy leads to suppression of HBV-DNA; therefore, it is capable of producing clinical response in the majority of patients with mild to moderate symptoms.ConclusionAntiviral therapy with NAs is the first choice for HBV suppression and control of mild to moderate disease. In severe vasculitis (glomerulonephritis, progressive peripheral neuropathy and leg ulcers), rituximab alone or with plasma-exchange is always indicated in combination with antiviral therapy.