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A sexualidade é considerada um dos fatores constituintes da vida do ser humano. Compreende-se que a função sexual feminina pode ser composta por quatro momentos: desejo, excitação, orgasmo e resolução. Já a satisfação sexual representa o grau de correspondência entre as expectativas da pessoa e a atividade sexual em si. O índice de função/satisfação sexual da mulher (FSFI) pode estar relacionado com diversos fatores, como dor lombar crônica e a relação entre o número de partos. A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar o perfil epidemiológico da função e satisfação sexual entre mulheres nulíparas, primíparas e multíparas com dor lombar crônica. Trata-se de um estudo de campo descritivo, transversal, qualiquantitativo e observacional, onde se realizou entrevistas a respeito do tema com 74 mulheres, sendo 32 nulíparas, 17 primíparas e 25 multíparas, analisando-se a variação de escores obtidos nos domínios desejo, excitação, lubrificação, orgasmo, satisfação e dor e o escore geral somando-se todas as variáveis, além de um critério de corte para estabelecimento do grau de FSI, podendo ser considerado bom ou ruim. As mulheres nulíparas apresentaram melhor índice de FSFI dentre os três grupos (27.91), enquanto as mulheres primíparas (25.24) e multíparas (25.01) apresentaram os piores índices de FSFI. Concluiu-se que, o perfil epidemiológico da FSFI em mulheres nulíparas, primíparas e multíparas com dor lombar crônica esteve relacionado ao número de partos, ou seja, mulheres sem filhos apresentaram menores déficits de função e satisfação sexual em relação a mulheres que já passaram por períodos gestacionais, independente do número de filhos.

To explore optometric practices and attitudes in the management of keratoconus patients in LatinAmerica and how they are influenced by eye-care technology will help to minimise disease progression and their impact on patients' quality of life in Latin America.Keratoconus is a progressive, bilateral and asymmetric corneal disorder that requires a multidisciplinary approach, the use of different eye assessment technology, and different management approaches; mainly contact lenses and surgery.Self-reported answers to an online survey (adapted to primary eye care) distributed via a newsletter emailed by various professional organisations across 15 Latin American countries were assessed and compared with those previously reported in three European countries.Answers from 977 eye care practitioners (60%) with10 years of experience (396 in Latin America and 581 in Europe) were assessed. A total of 65.9% of Latin American responders prescribed rigid corneal lenses (RCL), although more than half of the respondents (54.0%) would fit more RCL if they underwent further training in RCL fitting. A majority of Latin American practitioners (74.0%) considered that RCL fitting is more difficult in keratoconus, requiring more diagnostic lenses (4.6 ± 2.7; median 4; range 1-10) than are necessary for healthy eyes. Low availability of corneal topography was reported in Latin America (23%), although practitioners with topographers are more likely to prescribe RCL (92.3%) and detect more new patients with keratoconus per year (83.5%). A minority of respondents referred keratoconus patients to another optometrist (25.8%) or (40.4%) participated in comanagement with ophthalmologists.This study provides initial evidence regarding keratoconus management in Latin America and suggests that actions are necessary to improve RCL training, facilitate eye-care technology accessibility and encourage comanagement between eye care practitioners to minimise disease progression and their impact on patients' quality of life in Latin America.

This study evaluated the anatomical and chemical components of the bark of Protium tenuifolium, a tree species from the Brazilian Amazon, to provide information supporting its value in various industries as a source of polyphenols and natural antioxidants. The bark anatomy was analysed, as was the overall chemical composition (extractives, lignin, suberin, ash and polysaccharides), and a quantitative elemental analysis was performed of the bark and two tannin extracts (extracted with water only and with a mixture of water and Na2SO3). The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the bark extracts were quantified. The results indicated that the bark is composed of conductive phloem, nonconductive phloem and rhytidome. The average chemical composition was 15.9% extractives, 35.3% total lignin, 1.9% suberin, 15.4% ash and 31.5% polysaccharides. The condensed tannin yield in the extract obtained with water alone was 5.1%, and that in the treatment with water and Na2SO3 was 8.1%. The ethanol-water extract had a high phenolic content (112.6 mg GAE g-1 extract). The bark extract showed strong antioxidant activity, reaching 83.5% inhibition of DPPH free radicals, which was higher than the value of 75.0% for the commercial antioxidant BHT at the same concentration. These results demonstrate that Protium tenuifolium is a potential natural Amazonian source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants and can be used for medicinal purposes and the production of various sustainable products, such as cosmetics. The extraction of these compounds adds substantial value to the bark of this Amazonian species.

This article addresses a case study on the application of criteria for harvesting, aiming at restoration and profitability in a degraded tropical forest in the Amazon. The objective is to provide technical and economic information to promote a truly sustainable silvicultural management system in forests with this profile and turn them into a desirable financial asset for conservation and social development. In the forest census, 85.907 trees ha&minus, 1 (100.8566 m3 ha&minus, 1) were inventoried with diameter at breast height (dbh) &ge, 25 cm, belonging to 106 commercial species. When applying the harvest criteria, 19.923 trees ha&minus, 1 (29.99 m3 ha&minus, 1), referring to 53 species, were destined for harvest. Some trees were selected by more than one criterion, totalizing 17.985 trees ha&minus, 1 by density, 1.831 trees ha&minus, 1 by compromised health, 0.212 trees ha&minus, 1 by maximum dbh, 18.933 trees ha&minus, 1 by minimum dbh, 1.385 trees ha&minus, 1 by tree stem (quality 3), and 0.080 trees ha&minus, 1 by species conservation. In all scenarios, the application of criteria for harvesting proved to be profitable with excellent cost&ndash, benefit ratios. The selection of trees with a minimum cutting diameter of 25 cm in shorter cycles tends to allow the promotion of new commercial species. The set of actions presented has the potential to favor the maintenance of biodiversity and expansion of low-density populations, health and the potential increment of the forest productivity. In addition, it is more feasible for the supply of forest products in a shorter time than provided for in Brazilian regulations, however, they must respect the specificities of the species and also of the site.

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) has great socioeconomic importance to Brazil, but its production is affected by anthracnose. Chitosan films have shown potential in controlling this disease. In this study, the effect of the association of chitosan with phenolic compounds and extracts on the Colletotrichum tropicaledevelopment was evaluated. Phenolic compounds and extracts from mango peel were incorporated into 2.0% chitosan solutions and tested in vitro. In the in vivo experiment, after pathogen inoculation and application of treatments, fruits were evaluated for anthracnose incidence and severity. Controls consisted of the application of water or pure culture medium and fungicide imazalil. The experimental design was completely randomized and data were submitted to analysis of variance. In the in vitro test and in the assessment of disease intensity, means were compared using the Scott-Knott and Tukey tests (p

Studies on applying of soil management practices in the management of paricá and the effects on growth and yield are essential to auxiliary its cultivation and would allow us to inform management and conservation decisions to reconciliate biodiversity, wellbeing, and sustainable production. This case study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of paricá at different soil management practices, including consortium with an agricultural production, in the Brazilian Amazon. Paricá was implanted, consorted with soybean in the first year, and maize in the second, in a 5 × 2 m spacing. The treatments T1 = subsoiling, basal dressing, top-dressing, inoculation of microorganisms and consortium with soybean/maize were applied. In T2, T3, T4, and T5, we applied the same practices of T1, except subsoiling (T2), basal dressing (T3), top-dressing (T4) and inoculation of microorganisms (T5). T6 was the control, which used none of these practices, including the consortium with soybean/maize. The results indicate that the highest rate of plant survival occurred in T2, while T3 and T4 promoted greater intraspecific competition, compromising the growth in dbh and the yield (m3 ha−1) of plants in future ages. Growth in dbh and th and the yield of plants in the soybean/maize consortium period was higher in T2 and T6. In future ages, the dbh and yield of plants demonstrated higher growth trends in T6, T1, and T5. Agroforestry practices of soil management influence the growth and yield of paricá plants. However, there is a tendency for greater growth and yield for paricá plants cultivated in the absence of agroforestry practices for soil management proposed in this case study. When opting for AFS (paricá intercropped with soybean and maize), it is recommended for paricá a subsoiling, fertilization, and inoculation of microorganisms.

O artigo apresenta estudo do benefício assistencial de prestação continuada ao idoso e deficiente no que concerne ao critério de renda legalmente estabelecido para sua concessão. Inicia-se por um breve escorço histórico do instituto, com destaque para as principais alterações jurisprudenciais sobre a matéria, em especial no que concerne à interpretação do §3º do art. 20 da lei 8742/1993 e oscilação referente à classificação como presunção juris et de juri ou juris tantum. Passa-se, então, à análise do IRDR 5013036-79.2017.4.04.0000/ RS, julgado pelo TRF da 4ª Região, que fixa a tese da presunção absoluta de miserabilidade nas hipóteses de enquadramento da renda per capita ao critério estabelecido na Lei Orgânica de Assistência Social.

Avaliou-se a sobrevivência e o crescimento de mudas de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby (paricá) plantadas aleatoriamente em três tamanhos de clareiras causadas pela exploração florestal de impacto reduzido, na Fazenda Rio Capim, no município de Paragominas, Pará. As medições foram realizadas em cinco ocasiões (2005, 2006, 2008, 2010 e 2011). As clareiras foram classificadas em pequenas (200-400 m²), médias (401-600 m²) e grandes (> 600 m²). Com base na sobrevivência e no crescimento de mudas, nos seis primeiros anos após o plantio, sugere-se Schizolobium parahyba var amazonicum para plantios em clareiras, com áreas a partir de 200 m2 , causadas por exploração florestal de impacto reduzido.

Conhecer os fatores que influenciam o desempenho acadêmico do aluno é de suma importância para que ele possa ser melhorado. Assim, este estudo procurou analisar a influência das variáveis perfeccionismo e procrastinação no desempenho acadêmico de estudantes do curso de Ciências Contábeis de uma Universidade Federal da região sul do Brasil, verificando ainda se o perfeccionismo afetava em uma maior procrastinação. Para atender os objetivos do estudo, foi utilizado como instrumento de pesquisa, um questionário traduzido e adaptado dos estudos de Lay (1986) e Frost, Marten, Lahart e Rosenblate (1990). A amostra foi composta por 228 alunos, dos turnos matutino e noturno, cursando entre o 3º e o 9º período do curso. Os resultados confirmaram que, quanto mais perfeccionista o aluno é, mais ele tende a procrastinar, podendo este fato ser explicado devido a constante busca pela perfeição. Contudo, não foi possível confirmar que o perfeccionismo e a procrastinação afetam o desempenho acadêmico dos alunos pesquisados.

Climate change has become a worldwide theme discussed in the last decades, mainly about the various expected impacts. Some research claims that some of these impacts are already occurring, such as the change in the rainfall regime, causing more frequent droughts and floods, an increase in sea levels, among others. Based on this, monitoring water resources to analyze possible changes in hydrological behavior is fundamental for the proper planning and management of these resources. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the flow behavior in the Guaiba hydrographic region over a period of 33 years and disturb the series based on expected trends due to climate changes to assess how the flows can be affected. For this purpose, data on maximum monthly flows for the period from 1985 to 2017 were obtained from ten fluviometric stations in the Guaiba hydrographic region, southern Brazil. These data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and permanence curves. Afterwards, the series were disturbed and were evaluated again. Through the observation of the historical behavior of the flow it was noticed that many stations indicate changes in the temporal variation, with a tendency to increase the number of great magnitude flows, but, on the other hand, it is verified the temporal increase of minimum flows. The projected trends for the region indicate an increase in the volume of precipitation and in the flow of the rivers, however they tend to be more concentrated in short periods of time. Analise de vazoes na Regiao Hidrografica do Guaiba: Variabilidade atual e Tendencias devido as Mudancas Climaticas RESUMO As mudancas climaticas tornaram-se um tema mundialmente discutido nas ultimas decadas, principalmente levando-se em consideracao os diversos impactos previstos decorrentes destas mudancas. Algumas pesquisas alegam que alguns destes impactos ja estao ocorrendo, como a alteracao no regime das chuvas, ocasionando secas e inundacoes mais frequentes, aumento nos niveis dos mares, dentre outros. Com base no exposto, percebe-se que realizar um monitoramento dos recursos hidricos para analisar possiveis alteracoes no comportamento hidrologico e fundamental para o adequado planejamento e gerenciamento destes recursos. Assim sendo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o comportamento das vazoes na regiao hidrografica do Guaiba em um periodo de 33 anos e, apos, perturbar as series com base nas tendencias esperadas devido as mudancas climaticas para avaliar como as vazoes desta regiao podem ser afetadas. Para tanto, foram obtidos dados de vazoes maximas mensais para o periodo de 1985 a 2017 de dez estacoes fluviometricas da regiao hidrografica do Guaiba, sul do Brasil. Estes dados foram avaliados utilizando-se estatistica descritiva e curvas de permanencia. Apos, as series foram perturbadas e foram novamente avaliadas. Atraves da observacao do comportamento historico da vazao percebeu-se que muitas estacoes indicam alteracoes na variacao temporal, com tendencia de aumento do numero de vazoes de grande magnitude, mas, por outro lado constata-se o aumento temporal de vazoes minimas. As tendencias projetadas para a regiao indicam aumento no volume da precipitacao e, consequentemente, na vazao dos rios, no entanto tendem a ser mais concentradas em curtos espacos de tempo. Palavras-chave: Bacias hidrograficas; curvas de permanencia; mudancas climaticas; tendencias; vazao

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P

The objective of this chapter is to present the central concepts, parameters, and methods for the monitoring of climate changes, with a focus on air pollution, and the possible global and regional impacts of climate changes as well. There are plant species used as bioindicators that have a high sensitivity or ability to accumulate environmental pollutants. Another method that this chapter will present is the use of receiver models that employ both mathematical and statistical approaches to quantify the individual contribution of a given number of emission sources in the composition of a sample. The data presented in this chapter will provide reliable bases and methodologies for environmental control, supporting the adoption of more restrictive policies.

O conhecimento de dados hidrometeorológicos de uma bacia é de fundamental importância para o planejamento e gestão da mesma, possibilitando a previsão hidrológica e climatológica, conhecendo-se assim as alterações que podem ocorrer na bacia. Para isso são necessárias longas séries de dados e, na maioria das vezes, estas séries possuem falhas que devem ser preenchidas para a aplicação das variáveis. Existem diversos métodos de correção de falhas, entretanto, a maioria depende de uma estação próxima com dados ou de variável para se correlacionar. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi buscar uma metodologia de imputação de dados hidrometeorológicos realizando uma análise das séries históricas, afim de estimar as variações na vazão da bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos. Para tanto, foram coletados dados de séries históricas de precipitação mensal, vazão máxima mensal e de temperatura máxima mensal entre os anos de 1985 a 2015, analisando-os estatisticamente para buscar a melhor forma de imputação de dados para, após, relacioná-los para avaliar alterações nos padrões históricos. Conseguiu-se aplicar uma metodologia simples que satisfez o preenchimento dos dados faltantes, não alterando as propriedades da série.

Commercial height of the tree is a key variable for estimating the wood stock in tropical forests managed for timber production purposes. Most available measurement devices suffer limitations in this type of forest, promoting low precision measurements with high variation errors. The laser meter device appears as a viable alternative, as in addition to using trigonometric principles, it is not necessary that the device is close to the eyes of the meter to carry out the measurement. The device can be used to measure commercial height of trees on flat or sloping terrain, at different distances from the tree. However, there are no studies evaluating the precision of this device. The objective of this study was to determine the precision of the laser meter method for estimating the commercial height of trees, as compared to the actual measurement in a tropical forest in the Brazilian Amazon. Measurements were made on 300 trees with commercial height between 7 and 14 m. Actual commercial heights were measured with graduated ruler. Applied tests were paired t test, graphical analysis of residuals and calculations of bias statistics, mean absolute deviation, standard deviation of differences, and coefficient of determination (R 2). Paired t test indicated that the mean of the heights measured by the laser meter is statistically equal to that of the graduated ruler. Measurements with laser meter did not show bias and had mean error of 0.0745. The standard deviation of the differences indicated dispersion of errors of 0.97, equal to that shown in the graduated rule. Laser meter presents an alternative method for estimating the commercial height of trees in tropical forest in the Brazilian Amazon. There was no tendency to underestimate or overestimate the commercial heights of trees. Use of the laser meter is potentially of use for measuring the commercial height of trees in tropical forests., A new method and device to measure commercial height of trees in natural forests is proposed. The method has, besides practicality, good precision, and low cost, a great differential: The technician does not need to use the device close to the eyes. The technician observes the laser beam in the tree trunk and remains in the same position to realize the three measures necessary to obtain the commercial height. The device can be used to measure commercial height of trees on flat or sloping terrain from any distance from the tree.

The climate change has been focused of attention of the scientific community, mainly because of the increase of Earth’s average temperature and its consequences as droughts, floods, storms, intense heat, among others. In many areas, climate change is likely to increase water demand while shrinking water supplies. This shifting balance would challenge water managers to simultaneously meet the needs of communities and ecosystems. This paper discusses the impact of the increase of Earth’s average temperature in hydrological series of Passo Fundo River and Varzea River Watersheds, located in the north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Together, they cover 85 municipalities, 496,427 inhabitants and drain an area of 14,109.7 km2. The aim of this paper is to identify potential impacts of climate change on patterns of maximum monthly precipitation. Conclusions gathered in this paper are useful to know the changes in precipitation, alerting for the need of future operational planning and supporting data to the management of water resources, in order to meet the surrounding communities’ needs.

This paper describes the formation of polymeric films derived from 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid electropolymerized onto graphite electrodes through cyclic voltammetry. We observed the formation of an electroactive material over the electrode surface. The modified electrode showed significant blocking behavior to electron transfer reaction of the pair redox ferricyanide/ferrocyanide, indicating repulsion electrostatic with the negatively charged carboxylate groups of the polymer. The quasi-reversible behavior to Ru(NH3)6Cl2 suggests electrostatic attraction, facilitating the charge transfer. The modified electrode was studied through electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. These analyses indicate modification of the graphite electrode. Surface analysis by AFM showed that the morphology of the modified electrode surface presents globular form, randomly distributed, and formed by lower globules with diameter near 100 nm. Immobilization and hybridization of oligonucleotide onto the modified electrode were successfully carried out by using both direct electrochemical oxidation of nitrogenated bases and the redox electroactive indicator methylene blue.

This work describes the immobilization of purine and pyrimidine bases and immobilization/hybridization of synthetic oligonucleotides on graphite electrodes modified with poly(4-methoxyphenethylamine) produced in acid medium. The immobilization of adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine on these modified electrodes was efficient, producing characteristic peaks. Another relevant observation is that, according to the literature, pyrimidine bases, cytosine and thymine are more difficult to detect. However, when immobilized onto the poly(4-methoxyphenethylamine), a significant increase in the magnitude of the current was obtained. The observation of the hybridization between the poly(GA) probe and its complementary, poly(CT) target, was possible by monitoring the guanosine and adenosine peaks or through methylene blue indicator, using differential pulse voltammetry. Hybridization results in a decrease of the peak current of guanosine and adenosine or the signal of methylene blue accumulated on the modified electrode surface. The hybridization with the complementary target was also investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed a significant modification in the Nyquist plot, after addition of the complementary target, with increase of the charge transference resistance.

This paper reports the formation of electropolymerized films derived from 3-aminophenol on graphite electrode by cyclic voltammetry, prepared in different pH conditions. With increase of pH values, a shift of the oxidation potential of 3-aminophenol to more cathodic potentials was observed. 3-Aminophenol electrooxidation, in acid and basic media, yielded polymeric films onto graphite surface. In ferrocyanide/ferricyanide solution, the polymer produced in acid medium showed higher electron transfer efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and FT-IR were used to investigate some properties of the graphite electrode modified with poly(3-aminophenol). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the films is strongly dependent on the pH of the electropolymerization medium. FT-IR spectra of polymer films produced for either acid or basic media suggest that the monomer is polymerized by NH 2 group.

Electrodes modified with electropolymerized films have received considerable attention in the development of catalysts and sensors, and their use is rapidly increasing. This work reports modification of the surface of graphite electrodes by electrochemical polymerization of tyramine. These modified electrodes were used to nickel incorporation and hydrogen evolution. Tyramine electrooxidation, in acid and basic media, yielded polymeric films onto graphite surface. In ferrocyanide/ferricyanide solution, the electrodes modified in acid medium showed higher electron transfer efficiency. Impedance studies indicated higher charge transfer resistance to electrodes modified with Ptyr prepared in basic pH. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the formed films present different morphology for the several pH values studied. Interferometry and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed higher coverage to films formed in acid medium. Polymers produced in more alkaline medium present growth self-limited. Nickel was incorporated in the films through immersion of the modified electrodes in solution of potassium hexafluoronickelate, followed of electrochemical reduction of the metal. The electrocatalytic activity of the modified electrodes with nickel incorporated was tested for hydrogen evolution reaction. The amount of nickel mass incorporated as well as the current density of hydrogen evolution reaction was higher in electrodes modified with polytyramine produced in acid medium.

Conducting polymers or semi-conductors have various features that make them excellent materials for the immobilization of biomolecules and the rapid transfer of electrons necessary for the production of biosensors. Conducting electroactive polymers of poly-4-aminophenol have been developed as sensors to detect the purine bases (adenosine triphosphate, ATP and guanosine triphosphate, GTP) of DNA. The electrooxidation of 4-aminophenol onto a graphite electrode in the presence of perchloric acid yielded thin polymer films. The conductivity was studied by cyclic voltammetry and surface morphology by optical microscopy and interferometry. The immobilization and detection of ATP and GTP on a graphite electrode or modified electrode coated with poly-4-aminophenol was studied by cyclic voltammetry. Systematic variation of the experimental conditions that influenced the electrode reaction, particularly the pH of the electrolytic solution, showed that the oxidation potentials of the immobilized ATP or GTP in the modified electrodes decreased with increasing pH of the electrolyte. When these conditions were optimized based on voltammetric measurements, modified electrodes coated with poly-4-aminophenol were found to be efficient in immobilizing purine bases, and increased the amplitude of the ATP and GTP signals by ∼1.5 and ∼24 times, respectively, when compared with non-coated graphite surfaces.