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Thin film deposition by using different nanomaterials has been an efficient and reliable way for enhancing the anti-corrosive property of the materials as well as strength improvement such as hardness, conductivity and wear resistance. Various materials have been taken as substrates like mild steel, magnesium, Aluminum, Copper, Tin, Carbon steel with thin film coatings of Zn-TiO2, Ce/Co, Zn-HA/TiO2, CrN/TiN, Ni-Co have been sampled. These specimens have been studied for numerous properties like surface roughness, wear resistance, adhesion strength, microhardness, hydrophobicity etc. It has been found that the components like muffler, differential, engine chassis, exhaust system, gears do undergo corrosion due to several factors like climate change, oxidation, moisture content etc. The aim of the review has been to highlight the advances in the coatings providing anticorrosive properties to various metallic substrates used specially for mechanical and automobile industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defends choice of abstracting service and directories as two types of reference tools for use in establishing bibliographic control over new discipline or interdisciplinary area as yet devoid of reference materials. Attributes of abstracting service (provision of current-awareness) and directory (lists organizations in field) are discussed. Footnotes are provided. (EJS)

Although the association of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) with squamous cell carcinoma has been described in the literature, coexistence with a basal cell carcinoma is very rare. The indolent and non-pruritic nature of the lesion cause it often to be diagnosed at the late stage of the disease. Long-standing photosensitivity and chronic inflammation later lead to scarring and hypopigmentation, which are considered as the risk factors for the malignant changes over DLE. Incisional biopsy is often performed from the erythematosus lesion which does not respond to medical treatment. Here we have reported a rare case of basal cell carcinoma of the skin developing in the background of long-standing DLE, which was successfully managed with cold knife local excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of polycrystalline nanoferrite having the chemical formula CoCrFe O ( x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) were synthesized by sol-gel autocombustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to investigate the structural parameters and also to check the phase purity of all prepared samples. The analysis of XRD patterns revealed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structure for all samples. The average particle size of the synthesized ferrites was identified by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy technique. The magnetic properties of Co-Cr nanoferrites were measured using a hysteresis loop tracer at room temperature and magnetic field of 5 KOe. Saturation magnetization ( M ) and coercivity ( H ) decrease with the increasing Cr ions concentration in the Co-Cr ferrite, indicating that lesser magnetic Cr ions substitute Fe ions in the octahedral sublattice of the ferrite. Such materials are useful to reduce the energy loss in AC electrical appliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses a study that examined the safety and efficacy of cryoablation in the treatment of early stage breast cancer. Benefits from the application of cryotherapy to breast cancer; Importance of image guidance such as ultrasound to the success of the therapy; Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in preablation planning.

To determine whether intravitreal sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, and imipenem at varying concentrations cause retinal damage, 50 eyes from 25 rabbits were utilized in the experimental protocol. The rabbits were classified into three groups each containing 15 eyes. Five eyes in each group were given high-, moderate-, or low-dose antibiotic into thevitreous. Group I eyes were injected with sparfloxacin 100 mu g, 50 mu g or 2.5 mu g; group 2: ofloxacin 200 mu g, 100 mu g, or 10 mu g; group 3: imipenem 10 mu g, 5 mu g, or 0.5 mu g. Five control eyes were given intravitreal balanced salt solution. All eyes were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy before and after intravitreal injections and at 24 h, I week, and 2 weeks after injection. All eyes were enucleated at 2 weeks and fixed for histological evaluation. Except for seven eyes injected with 10 ug or 5 ug imipenem, which demonstrated tracevitreal reaction, no other eyes revealed vitreal inflammation by indirect ophthalmoscopy. By light microscopy, of five eyes injected withsparfloxacin 100 mu g, three had retinal damage but no vitreal inflammation; one had both retinal damage and vitreal inflammation. Of five eyes injected with sparfloxacin 50 mu g, only one was abnormal withboth retinal damage and vitreal inflammation. Of five eyes injected with ofloxacin 200 mu g, one had retinal damage, one had vitreal inflammation, and one had both retinal damage and vitreal inflammation. Of the five eyes injected with ofloxacin 100 mu g, none showed retinaltoxicity but three showed vitreal inflammation. All 10 eyes injectedwith 10 jig or 5 mu g imipenem had mild vitreal inflammation but no retinal damage. None of 15 eyes given sparfloxacin 2.5 jug, ofloxacin10 mu g, or imipenem 0.5 mu g had vitreal inflammation or retinal damage. Eyes given high or moderate doses of any study antibiotic that showed no inflammation or retinal damage by light microscopy were randomly selected for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which documented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The violence victimization histories of pregnant incarcerated women were studied in relation to those of pregnant health department patients in North Carolina. Prisoners were twice as likely as health department patients to have experienced both physical and sexual violence compared to no violence, and over three times more likely to have experienced both types of violence compared to only one type. Implications for research and program development are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncocytic renal neoplasms are a major source of diagnostic challenge in genitourinary pathology; however, they are typically nonaggressive in general, raising the question of whether distinguishing different subtypes, including emerging entities, is necessary. Emerging entities recently described include eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC), low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT), eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT), and papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP). A survey was shared among 65 urologic pathologists using SurveyMonkey.com (Survey Monkey, Santa Clara, CA, USA). De-identified and anonymized respondent data were analyzed. Sixty-three participants completed the survey and contributed to the study. Participants were from Asia (n = 21; 35%), North America (n = 31; 52%), Europe (n = 6; 10%), and Australia (n = 2; 3%). Half encounter oncocytic renal neoplasms that are difficult to classify monthly or more frequently. Most (70%) indicated that there is enough evidence to consider ESC RCC as a distinct entity now, whereas there was less certainty for LOT (27%), EVT (29%), and PRNRP (37%). However, when combining the responses for sufficient evidence currently and likely in the future, LOT and EVT yielded > 70% and > 60% for PRNRP. Most (60%) would not render an outright diagnosis of oncocytoma on needle core biopsy. There was a dichotomy in the routine use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the evaluation of oncocytoma (yes = 52%; no = 48%). The most utilized IHC markers included keratin 7 and 20, KIT, AMACR, PAX8, CA9, melan A, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)B, and fumarate hydratase (FH). Genetic techniques used included TSC1/TSC2/MTOR (67%) or TFE3 (74%) genes and pathways; however, the majority reported using these very rarely. Only 40% have encountered low-grade oncocytic renal neoplasms that are deficient for FH. Increasing experience with the spectrum of oncocytic renal neoplasms will likely yield further insights into the most appropriate work-up, classification, and clinical management for these entities., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferations (BPOPs) are distinct clinical-pathological entities that demonstrate combinations of atypical-appearing osseous and chondromatous tissues. These lesions are usually reactive in nature. Histopathologically, 'bizarre' cartilage is a characteristic feature of this lesion. BPOPs usually represent slow-growing painless bony hard protuberances that arise from the surface of affected bone cortices, typically the metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges. The occurrence of these lesions in the skull and jaws is sporadic. This case report highlights the clinical presentation, histopathological characteristics, and management of BPOP arising from the supraorbital rim in a 61-year-old female patient., (Copyright © 2024 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Abstract: Currarino syndrome (CS) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by a triad of anorectal malformation, sacral deformity, and presacral mass. In about 50% of cases, it is caused by HLXB9 gene mutation in chromosome 7q36. A 13-month-male child presented with presacral discharging sinus with a history of surgery for anorectal malformation and perineal fistula at the time of birth. On detailed investigation, the child revealed to have anal atresia, hemisacrum, and presacral mass. Histopathology of presacral mass showed features of immature teratoma. The presacral mass in CS is mostly an anterior myelomeningocele or presacral teratoma. The development of immature teratoma in presacral mass is very rare. The histopathological identification of immature component of teratoma in the presacral mass of CS is important for risk stratification and further management. Suspicion of CS should be raised in any child presenting with partial phenotype of the triad., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.)

Abstract: Syringoid eccrine carcinoma of nipple is an extremely rare neoplasm of adnexal origin with variable clinical appearance and diverse histologic findings. Syringoid eccrine carcinoma (SEC) is often a diagnostic dilemma due to its morphology and presentation. Usually, these malignancies arise as non-ulcerated nodules or plaques in the head & neck region including the trunk. They are locally aggressive and have an infiltrative growth pattern with a propensity for metastasis. SEC is characterized by syringoma-like tadpole morphology with ductular differentiation and predominant desmoplasia. Immunostaining in SEC is variable and this variability is believed to arise from the tumor's ability to differentiate along multiple routes including sweat secretory and or ductal differentiation. Here we present a rare case of SEC/ syringomatous carcinoma of nipple in a 51-year-old male breast with associated axillary lymph node metastasis. As per English literature, this is the second case of SEC in nipple of male patient., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.)

Eumycetoma caused by Madurella fahalii, a drug-resistant fungus, has never been reported in India. Here, we describe a fatal case of eumycetoma with spinal involvement due to M. fahalii for the first time in India., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Vinaykumar Hallur reports financial support was provided by Indian Council of Medical Research., (Copyright © 2024 Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)