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1. Structural alterations of the social brain: a comparison between schizophrenia and autism.

Author

Daniel Radeloff, Angela Ciaramidaro, Michael Siniatchkin, Daniela Hainz, Sabine Schlitt, Bernhard Weber, Fritz Poustka, Sven Bölte, Henrik Walter, and Christine Margarete Freitag

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia share a substantial number of etiologic and phenotypic characteristics. Still, no direct comparison of both disorders has been performed to identify differences and commonalities in brain structure. In this voxel based morphometry study, 34 patients with autism spectrum disorder, 21 patients with schizophrenia and 26 typically developed control subjects were included to identify global and regional brain volume alterations. No global gray matter or white matter differences were found between groups. In regional data, patients with autism spectrum disorder compared to typically developed control subjects showed smaller gray matter volume in the amygdala, insula, and anterior medial prefrontal cortex. Compared to patients with schizophrenia, patients with autism spectrum disorder displayed smaller gray matter volume in the left insula. Disorder specific positive correlations were found between mentalizing ability and left amygdala volume in autism spectrum disorder, and hallucinatory behavior and insula volume in schizophrenia. Results suggest the involvement of social brain areas in both disorders. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to quantify the amount of distinct and overlapping neural correlates in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.

Published
2014
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3. Significance of Beta-Band Oscillations in Autism Spectrum Disorders During Motor Response Inhibition Tasks: A MEG Study

Author

Sabine Schlitt, Vera Moliadze, Julia Siemann, Janina Kitzerow, Magdalena Schuetz, Marcus J. Naumer, Alla Brodski-Guerniero, E. Lyzhko, Christine M. Freitag, Jason S. Chan, Michael Siniatchkin, Jochen Kaiser, Michael Wibral, and Anne Langer

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Beta-band oscillations, Neurology, genetic structures, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alpha (ethology), Audiology, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), behavioral disciplines and activities, ASD, 03 medical and health sciences, Beta band, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, mental disorders, Reaction Time, Medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Beta (finance), Response inhibition, Neural correlates of consciousness, Original Paper, Social communication, MEG, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Magnetoencephalography, medicine.disease, Inhibition, Psychological, Autism, Neurology (clinical), Anatomy, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Motor response inhibition, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

In Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), impaired response inhibition and lack of adaptation are hypothesized to underlie core ASD symptoms, such as social communication and repetitive, stereotyped behavior. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare neural correlates of inhibition, post-error adaptation, and reaction time variability in ASD and neuro-typical control (NTC) participants by investigating possible differences in error-related changes of oscillatory MEG activity. Twelve male NTC (mean age 20.3 ± 3.7) and fourteen male patients with ASD (mean age 17.8 ± 2.9) were included in the analysis. Subjects with ASD showed increased error-related reaction time variability. MEG analysis revealed decreased beta power in the ASD group in comparison to the NTC group over the centro-parietal channels in both, the pre-stimulus and post-response interval. In the ASD group, mean centro-parietal beta power negatively correlated with dimensional autism symptoms. In both groups, false alarms were followed by an early increase in temporo-frontal theta to alpha power; and by a later decrease in alpha to beta power at central and posterior sensors. Single trial correlations were additionally studied in the ASD group, who showed a positive correlation of pre-stimulus beta power with post-response theta, alpha, and beta power, particularly after hit trials. On a broader scale, the results deliver important insights into top-down control deficits that may relate to core symptoms observed in ASD.

Published
2020

4. Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism

Author

Gail E. Herman, Jennifer Reichert, Camilla Stoltenberg, Stephen Sanders, Menachem Fromer, Branko Aleksic, Julian Maller, Rachel Nguyen, Utku Norman, J. Jay Gargus, Donna M. Werling, David J. Cutler, Silvia De Rubeis, Kathryn Roeder, Ryan N. Doan, Sherif Gerges, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Per Magnus, Patrick Turley, Moyra Smith, Isaac N. Pessah, Rebecca J. Schmidt, Chiara Fallerini, Michael E. Talkowski, Carla Lintas, Pål Surén, Paige M. Siper, Duncan S. Palmer, Timothy W. Yu, Michael S. Breen, Sven Sandin, Esben Agerbo, Rich Belliveau, Antonio M. Persico, Elaine Cristina Zachi, Matthew W. State, Karoline Teufel, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Caitlin E. Carey, Ryan Collins, Lambertus Klei, Lara Tang, Mads V. Hollegaard, Ole Mors, Iuliana Ionita-Laza, Elisa Giorgio, Astanand Jugessur, Gerry Schellenberg, Christopher A. Walsh, A. Ercument Cicek, Caroline Dias, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Louise Gallagher, Elise B. Robinson, Abraham Reichenberg, Judith Miller, Ashley Dumont, Flora Tassone, Grace Schwartz, Peter Szatmari, Jacqueline I. Goldstein, Evelise Riberi, Brian H.Y. Chung, Stephen W. Scherer, Fátima Lopes, Jesslyn Jamison, Thomas Werge, Mara Parellada, Gabriela Soares, Hilary Coon, Shan Dong, Terho Lehtimäki, Norio Ozaki, Lauren A. Weiss, Susan L. Santangelo, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Daniel P. Howrigan, Emily Hansen-Kiss, Anders D. Børglum, Vivek Appadurai, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, Hailiang Huang, Marcus C.Y. Chan, Eric M. Morrow, Stephen J. Guter, Catalina Betancur, Ditte Demontis, Matthew W. Mosconi, Pierandrea Muglia, Joanna Martin, Jack A. Kosmicki, Christine M. Freitag, Suma Jacob, W. Ian Lipkin, Angel Carracedo, Mark J. Daly, Andreas G. Chiocchetti, Eduarda Montenegro M. de Souza, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Isabela Maya Wahys Silva, Elizabeth E. Guerrero, Mafalda Barbosa, A. Jeremy Willsey, Maureen Mulhern, Claire Churchhouse, Raymond K. Walters, Timothy Poterba, Alessandra Renieri, Emilie M. Wigdor, Lauren M. Schmitt, Jennifer L. Moran, Mullin H.C. Yu, Edwin H. Cook, Jiebiao Wang, Behrang Mahjani, Kaitlin E. Samocha, Kaija Puura, Xin He, Ezra Susser, Aarno Palotie, Bernardo Dalla Bernardina, Montserrat Fernández-Prieto, Thomas Damm Als, Mykyta Artomov, Emma Wilkinson, Mads E. Hauberg, Enrico Domenici, Joon Yong An, Christine Søholm Hansen, Somer L. Bishop, Idan Menashe, So Lun Lee, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Alfredo Brusco, Nancy J. Minshew, Michael E. Zwick, Jesper Buchhave Poulsen, Elaine T. Lim, Benjamin M. Neale, Harrison Brand, Danielle Halpern, Elisabetta Trabetti, Alexander Kolevzon, Christine Stevens, Aurora Currò, Miia Kaartinen, Gal Meiri, Richard Anney, Søren Dalsgaard, Minshi Peng, Kimberly Chambert, Brooke Sheppard, Yunin Ludena, James S. Sutcliffe, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Xinyi Xu, Audrey Thurm, Itaru Kushima, Michael Gill, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Jonatan Pallesen, Stephan Ripke, Dara S. Manoach, Giovanni Battista Ferrero, Nell Maltman, Michael L. Cuccaro, David M. Hougaard, Javier González-Peñas, Wesley K. Thompson, Felecia Cerrato, Danielle de Paula Moreira, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Alicia R. Martin, Merete Nordentoft, John A. Sweeney, Alfonso Buil, Tarjinder Singh, Bernie Devlin, Jakob Grove, Daniel H. Geschwind, Manuel Mattheisen, Patrícia Maciel, Preben Bo Mortensen, Andrew J. Schork, Ryan Yuen, Christina M. Hultman, Maria del Pilar Trelles, Aparna Bhaduri, Sabine Schlitt, Diego Lopergolo, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Korea University [Seoul], The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine [Aarhus, Denmark] (CGPM), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research [San Francisco, CA, USA], Bilkent University [Ankara], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute [Davis, CA, USA] (MIND), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Boston Children's Hospital, Génétique de l'autisme = Genetics of Autism (NPS-01), Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Trinity College Dublin, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Autism Sequencing Consortium : Branko Aleksic, Richard Anney, Mafalda Barbosa, Somer Bishop, Alfredo Brusco, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Angel Carracedo, Marcus C.Y. Chan, Andreas G. Chiocchetti, Brian H.Y. Chung, Hilary Coon, Michael L. Cuccaro, Aurora Curro´ , Bernardo Dalla Bernardina, Ryan Doan, Enrico Domenici, Shan Dong, Chiara Fallerini, Montserrat Ferna´ ndez-Prieto, Giovanni Battista Ferrero, Christine M. Freitag, Menachem Fromer, J. Jay Gargus, Daniel Geschwind, Elisa Giorgio, Javier Gonza´ lez-Pen˜ as, Stephen Guter, Danielle Halpern, Emily HansenKiss, Xin He, Gail E. Herman, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, David M. Hougaard, Christina M. Hultman, Iuliana Ionita-Laza, Suma Jacob, Jesslyn Jamison, Astanand Jugessur, Miia Kaartinen, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Alexander Kolevzon, Itaru Kushima, So Lun Lee, Terho Lehtima¨ ki, Elaine T. Lim, Carla Lintas, W. Ian Lipkin, Diego Lopergolo, Fa´ tima Lopes, Yunin Ludena, Patricia Maciel, Per Magnus, Behrang Mahjani, Nell Maltman, Dara S. Manoach, Gal Meiri, Idan Menashe, Judith Miller, Nancy Minshew, Eduarda M.S. Montenegro, Danielle Moreira, Eric M. Morrow, Ole Mors, Preben Bo Mortensen, Matthew Mosconi, Pierandrea Muglia, Benjamin M. Neale, Merete Nordentoft, Norio Ozaki, Aarno Palotie, Mara Parellada, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, Margaret Pericak-Vance, Antonio M. Persico, Isaac Pessah, Kaija Puura, Abraham Reichenberg, Alessandra Renieri, Evelise Riberi, Elise B. Robinson, Kaitlin E. Samocha, Sven Sandin, Susan L. Santangelo, Gerry Schellenberg, Stephen W. Scherer, Sabine Schlitt, Rebecca Schmidt, Lauren Schmitt, Isabela M.W. Silva, Tarjinder Singh, Paige M. Siper, Moyra Smith, Gabriela Soares, Camilla Stoltenberg, Pa˚ l Suren, Ezra Susser, John Sweeney, Peter Szatmari, Lara Tang, Flora Tassone, Karoline Teufel, Elisabetta Trabetti, Maria del Pilar Trelles, Christopher A. Walsh, Lauren A. Weiss, Thomas Werge, Donna M. Werling, Emilie M. Wigdor, Emma Wilkinson, A. Jeremy Willsey, Timothy W. Yu, Mullin H.C. Yu, Ryan Yuen, and Elaine Zachi. and iPSYCH-Broad Consortium : e Esben Agerbo, Thomas Damm Als, Vivek Appadurai, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Rich Belliveau, Alfonso Buil, Caitlin E. Carey, Felecia Cerrato, Kimberly Chambert, Claire Churchhouse, Søren Dalsgaard, Ditte Demontis, Ashley Dumont, Jacqueline Goldstein, Christine S. Hansen, Mads Engel Hauberg, Mads V. Hollegaard, Daniel P. Howrigan, Hailiang Huang, Julian Maller, Alicia R. Martin, Joanna Martin, Manuel Mattheisen, Jennifer Moran, Jonatan Pallesen, Duncan S. Palmer, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Timothy Poterba, Jesper Buchhave Poulsen, Stephan Ripke, Andrew J. Schork, Wesley K. Thompson, Patrick Turley, and Raymond K. Walters., Norman, Utku, Çicek, A. Ercüment, Betancur, Catalina, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki

Subjects
Male, INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, genetic structures, MESH: Neurons, Genome-wide association study, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Whole Exome Sequencing, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, Neurobiology, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Spectrum disorder, Exome, Developmental, genetics, Copy-number variation, excitatory-inhibitory balance, MESH: Cohort Studies, Exome sequencing, Genetics, Cerebral Cortex, Neurons, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Exome, autism spectrum disorder, cell type, cytoskeleton, excitatory neurons, exome sequencing, inhibitory neurons, liability, neurodevelopment, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Case-Control Studies, Phenotype, Autism spectrum disorder, Female, Single-Cell Analysis, AGED 8 YEARS, MESH: Autistic Disorder, UNITED-STATES, GENETIC RISK, Biology, MESH: Phenotype, behavioral disciplines and activities, SAND DOMAIN, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, MESH: Sex Factors, MESH: Whole Exome Sequencing, MESH: Neurobiology, mental disorders, medicine, MESH: Gene Frequency, Humans, Cell Lineage, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Autistic Disorder, Allele frequency, Case-Control Studies, Mutation, Missense, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, SPECTRUM DISORDER, COPY NUMBER VARIATION, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Mutation, Missense, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, MESH: Cell Lineage, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, DISABILITIES MONITORING NETWORK, Gene Expression Regulation, DE-NOVO MUTATIONS, Mutation, Autism, Missense, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Single-Cell Analysis
Abstract

International audience; We present the largest exome sequencing study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to date (n = 35,584 total samples, 11,986 with ASD). Using an enhanced analytical framework to integrate de novo and case-control rare variation, we identify 102 risk genes at a false discovery rate of 0.1 or less. Of these genes, 49 show higher frequencies of disruptive de novo variants in individuals ascertained to have severe neurodevelopmental delay, whereas 53 show higher frequencies in individuals ascertained to have ASD; comparing ASD cases with mutations in these groups reveals phenotypic differences. Expressed early in brain development, most risk genes have roles in regulation of gene expression or neuronal communication (i.e., mutations effect neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological changes), and 13 fall within loci recurrently hit by copy number variants. In cells from the human cortex, expression of risk genes is enriched in excitatory and inhibitory neuronal lineages, consistent with multiple paths to an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance underlying ASD.

Published
2020
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5. Pre-Post Effects of the Psychoeducational, Autism-Specific Parent Training FAUT-E

Author

Sabine Schlitt, Christina Schwenck, Lorenz Uhlmann, Juliane Medda, Christine M. Freitag, Janina Kitzerow, and Kerstin Berndt

Subjects
Parents, Autism Spectrum Disorder, medicine.medical_treatment, Caregiver Burden, Newly diagnosed, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Rearing, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Psychoeducation, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Autistic Disorder, Child, Health Education, Problem Behavior, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Checklist, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Autism spectrum disorder, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Parent training, Autism, Parental stress, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Abstract. Objective: Psychoeducational parent training is an economic way to provide care for parents of children newly diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study explores pre-post effect sizes of the manualized autism-specific parent training FAUT-E (Frankfurter Autismus-Elterntraining). Method: Two behaviorally trained therapists worked with 6–10 parents in eight group sessions. Twenty-four parents of 24 children with ASD participated in the study. Outcomes were child- and parent-related measures obtained at T0 (first measurement), T1 (second measurement), T2 (postintervention), and T3 (3 months after intervention). Results: Children showed improved behavior in the parent-rated Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) total score after therapy ( p = .001; ES T1T2 = .73) and at T3 ( p = .018; ES T1-T3 = –.51), and a lower intensity of parent-rated problem behavior at T3 ( p = .031; ES T1–T3 = –.46). Parental measures did not change. Conclusions: This study found medium pre-post effects on the child’s behavior by FAUT-E between T1 and T2/T3; these were not observed between the measurements T0–T1. FAUT-E was easy to implement and did not increase parental stress. This is in line with results of studies on other training programs to teach parents to use effective behavioral strategies with ASD.

Published
2021

7. Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism

Author

Evelise Riber, Suma Jacob, Isabela Maya Wahys Silva, Edwin H. Cook, Jennifer Reichert, Merete Nordentoft, Jiebiao Wang, Kaitlin E. Samocha, John A. Sweeney, Elaine Cristina Zachi, Brooke Sheppard, Yunin Ludena, Maureen Mulhern, Lambertus Klei, Christina M. Hultman, Branko Aleksic, Paige M. Siper, Nell Maltman, Fátima Lopes, Jesslyn Jamison, Astanand Jugessur, Timothy W. Yu, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Tarjinder Singh, Bernie Devlin, Per Magnus, Mara Parellada, Louise Gallagher, Christine Stevens, Susan L. Santangelo, David J. Cutler, Shan Dong, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Norio Ozaki, Camilla Stoltenberg, Matthew W. State, Emma Wilkinson, Lauren A. Weiss, Michael L. Cuccaro, Stephen Sanders, Aparna Bhaduri, Brian H.Y. Chung, Maria del Pilar Trelles, Ezra Susser, Somer L. Bishop, Catalina Betancur, Donna M. Werling, Sabine Schlitt, Diego Lopergolo, Abraham Reichenberg, Judith Miller, Gabriela Soares, Karoline Teufel, David M. Hougaard, Enrico Domenici, Thomas Werge, Terho Lehtimäki, Sherif Gerges, Audrey Thurm, Emily Hansen-Kiss, Christopher T. Walsh, Michael Gill, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, Aurora Currò, Utku Norman, Nancy J. Minshew, Harrison Brand, Elisa Giorgio, A. Ercument Cicek, Elaine T. Lim, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Chiara Fallerini, Caroline Dias, Miia Kaartinen, Gal Meiri, Rachel Nguyen, Isaac N. Pessah, J. Jay Gargus, Ryan N. Doan, Minshi Peng, Matthew W. Mosconi, Elizabeth E. Guerrero, Michael E. Talkowski, Iuliana Ionita-Laza, Carla Lintas, Gerry Schellenberg, Alessandra Renieri, Marcus C.Y. Chan, Stephen J. Guter, Danielle Halpern, Javier González-Peñas, Flora Tassone, So Lun Lee, Elise B. Robinson, Alfredo Brusco, Danielle de Paula Moreira, Bernardo Dalla Bernardina, Benjamin M. Neale, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Behrang Mahjani, Peter Szatmari, Elisabetta Trabetti, Lauren M. Schmitt, Kaija Puura, Mykyta Artomov, Rebecca J. Schmidt, Michael S. Breen, Mark J. Daly, Joon Yong An, Dara S. Manoach, Grace Schwartz, Hilary Coon, Christine M. Freitag, Andreas G. Chiocchetti, Eduarda Montenegro M. de Souza, Ryan L. Collins, Mafalda Barbosa, Emilie M. Wigdor, Montserrat Fernández-Prieto, Stephen W. Scherer, Anders D. Børglum, Jack A. Kosmicki, W. Ian Lipkin, Mullin H.C. Yu, Michael E. Zwick, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Kathryn Roeder, Moyra Smith, Gail E. Herman, James S. Sutcliffe, Xinyi Xu, A. Jeremy Willsey, Alexander Kolevzon, Itaru Kushima, Menachem Fromer, Jakob Grove, Patrícia Maciel, Preben Bo Mortensen, Xin He, Aarno Palotie, Silvia De Rubeis, Idan Menashe, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Pål Surén, Antonio M. Persico, Ole Mors, Sven Sandin, Lara Tang, Eric M. Morrow, Pierandrea Muglia, Angel Carracedo, Ryan Yuen, and Giovanni Battista Ferrero

Subjects
False discovery rate, Regulation of gene expression, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Biology, medicine.disease, Phenotype, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Autism spectrum disorder, mental disorders, medicine, Autism, Copy-number variation, Gene, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Exome sequencing, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

We present the largest exome sequencing study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to date (n=35,584 total samples, 11,986 with ASD). Using an enhanced Bayesian framework to integrate de novo and case-control rare variation, we identify 102 risk genes at a false discovery rate ≤ 0.1. Of these genes, 49 show higher frequencies of disruptive de novo variants in individuals ascertained for severe neurodevelopmental delay, while 53 show higher frequencies in individuals ascertained for ASD; comparing ASD cases with mutations in these groups reveals phenotypic differences. Expressed early in brain development, most of the risk genes have roles in regulation of gene expression or neuronal communication (i.e., mutations effect neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological changes), and 13 fall within loci recurrently hit by copy number variants. In human cortex single-cell gene expression data, expression of risk genes is enriched in both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal lineages, consistent with multiple paths to an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance underlying ASD.

Published
2019
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8. Large-scale exome sequencing study implicates both developmental and functional changes in the neurobiology of autism

Author

Shan Dong, Norio Ozaki, Ryan K. C. Yuen, David J. Cutler, Lauren A. Weiss, Catalina Betancur, Abraham Reichenberg, Hassen-Kiss E, Judith Miller, Brooke Sheppard, Yunin Ludena, Astanand Jugessur, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Donna M. Werling, Aurora Currò, Isaac N. Pessah, Giovanni Battista Ferrero, Somer L. Bishop, Utku Norman, Nancy J. Minshew, Tarjinder Singh, Bernie Devlin, Michael E. Talkowski, Carla Lintas, Susan L. Santangelo, Miia Kaartinen, Gal Meiri, Camilla Stoltenberg, Stephen Sanders, Sherif Gerges, Michael L. Cuccaro, Ryan N. Doan, Suma Jacob, Matthew W. Mosconi, Lambertus Klei, Michael E. Zwick, Kathryn Roeder, Merete Nordentoft, Lauren M. Schmitt, John A. Sweeney, Elizabeth E. Guerrero, Kaija Puura, Alessandra Renieri, Elaine T. Lim, Maureen Mulhern, Danielle de Paula Moreira, Cicek Ae, Nell Maltman, Aparna Bhaduri, Mara Parellada, Sabine Schlitt, Diego Lopergolo, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Christina M. Hultman, Jesslyn Jamison, Rebecca J. Schmidt, So Lun Lee, Iuliana Ionita-Laza, Peter Szatmari, Gerry Schellenberg, Alfredo Brusco, Christine M. Freitag, Andreas G. Chiocchetti, Javier González-Peñas, Michael S. Breen, Jakob Grove, Ryan L. Collins, Mafalda Barbosa, Emilie M. Wigdor, Elise B. Robinson, Cathy A. Stevens, Gabriela Soares, Benjamin M. Neale, Edwin H. Cook, Jiebiao Wang, David M. Hougaard, Enrico Domenici, Gail E. Herman, Patrícia Maciel, Kaitlin E. Samocha, Preben Bo Mortensen, Stephen W. Scherer, Yu Mhc, Elaine Cristina Zachi, Menachem Fromer, Antonio M. Persico, Anders D. Børglum, Minshi Peng, Megan Smith, Elisabetta Trabetti, Rachel Nguyen, Fátima Lopes, James S. Sutcliffe, Trelles Mdp, Xinyi Xu, Emma Wilkinson, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Audrey Thurm, Chiara Fallerini, Jack A. Kosmicki, Michael Gill, Paige M. Siper, Timothy W. Yu, Grace Schwartz, Thomas Werge, Terho Lehtimäki, Itaru Kushima, Jay Gargus, Dalla Bernardina B, Hilary Coon, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, Stephen J. Guter, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Matthew W. State, Per Magnus, Christopher A. Walsh, Evelise Riberi, Ezra Susser, Xin He, Aarno Palotie, Idan Menashe, Eric M. Morrow, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Pierandrea Muglia, Pål Surén, De Rubeis S, Angel Carracedo, Sven Sandin, Montse Fernández-Prieto, Lara Tang, Lipkin Wi, Ole Mors, Louise Gallagher, Montenegro M. de Souza E, Brian H.Y. Chung, Anney Rjl, Alexander Kolevzon, Dara S. Manoach, Daniel H. Geschwind, Silva Imw, Caroline Dias, Jeremy Willsey, Jennifer Reichert, Elisa Giorgio, Branko Aleksic, Flora Tassone, Satterstrom Fk, Senthil G, Karoline Teufel, Chan Mcy, Harrison Brand, Danielle Halpern, Behrang Mahjani, Mykyta Artomov, Mark J. Daly, Joon Yong An, and Lehner T

Subjects
Genetics, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurogenetics, Biology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Autism spectrum disorder, mental disorders, medicine, Autism, Medical genetics, Copy-number variation, Gene, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Exome sequencing, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

SummaryWe present the largest exome sequencing study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to date (n=35,584 total samples, 11,986 with ASD). Using an enhanced Bayesian framework to integrate de novo and case-control rare variation, we identify 102 risk genes at a false discovery rate ≤ 0.1. Of these genes, 49 show higher frequencies of disruptive de novo variants in individuals ascertained for severe neurodevelopmental delay, while 53 show higher frequencies in individuals ascertained for ASD; comparing ASD cases with mutations in these groups reveals phenotypic differences. Expressed early in brain development, most of the risk genes have roles in regulation of gene expression or neuronal communication (i.e., mutations effect neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological changes), and 13 fall within loci recurrently hit by copy number variants. In human cortex single-cell gene expression data, expression of risk genes is enriched in both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal lineages, consistent with multiple paths to an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance underlying ASD.

Published
2018
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9. Predictable information in neural signals during resting state is reduced in autism spectrum disorder

Author

Joseph T. Lizier, Alla Brodski-Guerniero, Jochen Kaiser, Michael Wibral, Janina Kitzerow, Marcus J. Naumer, Anne Langer, Sabine Schlitt, Fernando Ferreira-Santos, Vera Moliadze, Jason S. Chan, Magdalena Schütz, Christine M. Freitag, Heike Althen, and Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rest, media_common.quotation_subject, Precuneus, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Perception, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Relevance (information retrieval), Research Articles, Default mode network, media_common, Brain Mapping, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Resting state fMRI, 05 social sciences, Brain, Magnetoencephalography, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Autism spectrum disorder, Neurology (clinical), Anatomy, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neurotypical
Abstract

The neurophysiological underpinnings of the nonsocial symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) which include sensory and perceptual atypicalities remain poorly understood. Well-known accounts of less dominant top-down influences and more dominant bottom-up processes compete to explain these characteristics. These accounts have been recently embedded in the popular framework of predictive coding theory. To differentiate between competing accounts, we studied altered information dynamics in ASD by quantifying predictable information in neural signals. Predictable information in neural signals measures the amount of stored information that is used for the next time step of a neural process. Thus, predictable information limits the (prior) information which might be available for other brain areas, for example, to build predictions for upcoming sensory information. We studied predictable information in neural signals based on resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings of 19 ASD patients and 19 neurotypical controls aged between 14 and 27 years. Using whole-brain beamformer source analysis, we found reduced predictable information in ASD patients across the whole brain, but in particular in posterior regions of the default mode network. In these regions, epoch-by-epoch predictable information was positively correlated with source power in the alpha and beta frequency range as well as autocorrelation decay time. Predictable information in precuneus and cerebellum was negatively associated with nonsocial symptom severity, indicating a relevance of the analysis of predictable information for clinical research in ASD. Our findings are compatible with the assumption that use or precision of prior knowledge is reduced in ASD patients.

Published
2018

10. Transdiagnostic deviant facial recognition for implicit negative emotion in autism and schizophrenia

Author

Sabine Schlitt, Fritz Poustka, Christine M. Freitag, Bernhard Weber, Daniela Hainz, Henrik Walter, Sven Bölte, and Angela Ciaramidaro

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Emotions, Audiology, Neuropsychological Tests, behavioral disciplines and activities, Amygdala, Brain mapping, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Autism, Facial affect recognition (FAR), Implicit FAR, Negative emotion, Schizophrenia, Attention, Awareness, Brain, Brain Mapping, Facial Expression, Facial Recognition, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Recognition (Psychology), Schizophrenia, Paranoid, Social Perception, Pharmacology, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Psychiatry and Mental Health, Biological Psychiatry, Pharmacology (medical), mental disorders, medicine, Prefrontal cortex, Facial expression, Fusiform gyrus, Recognition, Psychology, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Autism spectrum disorder, Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Impaired facial affect recognition (FAR) is observed in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and has been linked to amygdala and fusiform gyrus dysfunction. ASD patient's impairments seem to be more pronounced during implicit rather than explicit FAR, whereas for schizophrenia data are inconsistent. However, there are no studies comparing both patient groups in an identical design. The aim of this three-group study was to identify (i) whether FAR alterations are equally present in both groups, (ii) whether they are present rather during implicit or explicit FAR, (iii) and whether they are conveyed by similar or disorder-specific neural mechanisms. Using fMRI, we investigated neural activation during explicit and implicit negative and neutral FAR in 33 young-adult individuals with ASD, 20 subjects with paranoid-schizophrenia and 25 IQ- and gender-matched controls individuals. Differences in activation patterns between each clinical group and controls, respectively were found exclusively for implicit FAR in amygdala and fusiform gyrus. In addition, the ASD group additionally showed reduced activations in medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), bilateral dorso-lateral PFC, ventro-lateral PFC, posterior-superior temporal sulcus and left temporo-parietal junction. Although subjects with ASD showed more widespread altered activation patterns, a direct comparison between both patient groups did not show disorder-specific deficits in neither patient group. In summary, our findings are consistent with a common neural deficit during implicit negative facial affect recognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders.

Published
2017

11. Facial emotion recognition in paranoid schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder

Author

Sabine Schlitt, Henrik Walter, Christine M. Freitag, Sven Bölte, Angela Ciaramidaro, Michael Sachse, Daniela Hainz, and Fritz Poustka

Subjects
Adult, Male, Paranoid Disorders, Paranoid schizophrenia, Child Development Disorders, Adolescent, Autism, Emotion classification, Emotions, Facial emotion recognition, Facial identity recognition, Schizophrenia, Visual perception, Pervasive, Humans, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Young Adult, Facial Expression, Social Perception, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Biological Psychiatry, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Pattern Recognition, Visual, mental disorders, medicine, Facial expression, Cognition, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Autism spectrum disorder, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share deficits in emotion processing. In order to identify convergent and divergent mechanisms, we investigated facial emotion recognition in SZ, high-functioning ASD (HFASD), and typically developed controls (TD). Different degrees of task difficulty and emotion complexity (face, eyes; basic emotions, complex emotions) were used. Two Benton tests were implemented in order to elicit potentially confounding visuo-perceptual functioning and facial processing. Nineteen participants with paranoid SZ, 22 with HFASD and 20 TD were included, aged between 14 and 33 years. Individuals with SZ were comparable to TD in all obtained emotion recognition measures, but showed reduced basic visuo-perceptual abilities. The HFASD group was impaired in the recognition of basic and complex emotions compared to both, SZ and TD. When facial identity recognition was adjusted for, group differences remained for the recognition of complex emotions only. Our results suggest that there is a SZ subgroup with predominantly paranoid symptoms that does not show problems in face processing and emotion recognition, but visuo-perceptual impairments. They also confirm the notion of a general facial and emotion recognition deficit in HFASD. No shared emotion recognition deficit was found for paranoid SZ and HFASD, emphasizing the differential cognitive underpinnings of both disorders.

Published
2014
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12. Impaired Gamma-Band Activity during Perceptual Organization in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evidence for Dysfunctional Network Activity in Frontal-Posterior Cortices

Author

Christine Grützner, Wolf Singer, Sabine Schlitt, Sven Bölte, Fritz Poustka, Limin Sun, Tahmine Tozman, Christine M. Freitag, Michael Wibral, and Peter J. Uhlhaas

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, genetic structures, Photic Stimulation, media_common.quotation_subject, Statistics as Topic, Dysfunctional family, Audiology, behavioral disciplines and activities, Brain mapping, Visual processing, Perception, mental disorders, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Child, media_common, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, Spectrum Analysis, General Neuroscience, Magnetoencephalography, Articles, medicine.disease, Brain Waves, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Frontal Lobe, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Case-Control Studies, Face, Autism, Female, Nerve Net, Psychology, Gamma band, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Current theories of the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have focused on abnormal temporal coordination of neural activity in cortical circuits as a core impairment of the disorder. In the current study, we examined the possibility that gamma-band activity may be crucially involved in aberrant brain functioning in ASD. Magneto-encephalographic (MEG) data were recorded from 13 adult human participants with ASD and 16 controls during the presentation of Mooney faces. MEG data were analyzed in the 25-150 Hz frequency range and a beamforming approach was used to identify the sources of spectral power. Participants with ASD showed elevated reaction times and reduced detection rates during the perception of upright Mooney faces, while responses to inverted stimuli were in the normal range. Impaired perceptual organization in the ASD group was accompanied by a reduction in both the amplitude and phase locking of gamma-band activity. A beamforming approach identified distinct networks during perceptual organization in controls and participants with ASD. In controls, perceptual organization of Mooney faces involved increased 60-120 Hz activity in a frontoparietal network, while in the ASD group stronger activation was found in visual regions. These findings highlight the contribution of impaired gamma-band activity toward complex visual processing in ASD, suggesting atypical modulation of high-frequency power in frontoposterior networks.

Published
2012
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13. Schizophrenia and autism AS contrasting minds: Neural evidence for the hypo-hyper-intentionality hypothesis

Author

Sabine Schlitt, Bernhard Weber, Daniela Hainz, Fritz Poustka, Sven Bölte, Christine M. Freitag, Angela Ciaramidaro, Henrik Walter, and Bruno G. Bara

Subjects
Adult, Male, Autism, Intention, Mentalising, Mpfc, Psts, Schizophrenia, Adolescent, Brain, Case-Control Studies, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Functional Neuroimaging, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Prefrontal Cortex, Paranoid, Temporal Lobe, Theory of Mind, Young Adult, Social Perception, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Schizophrenia, Paranoid, Brain activity and meditation, Functional neuroimaging, Theory of mind, mental disorders, medicine, Prefrontal cortex, medicine.diagnostic_test, Regular Article, medicine.disease, Autism spectrum disorder, Psychology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroscience, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Both schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by mentalizing problems and associated neural dysfunction of the social brain. However, the deficits in mental state attribution are somehow opposed: Whereas patients with SCZ tend to over-attribute intentions to agents and physical events (“hyper-intentionality”), patients with autism treat people as devoid of intentions (“hypo-intentionality”). Here we aimed to investigate whether this hypo-hyper-intentionality hypothesis can be supported by neural evidence during a mentalizing task. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated the neural responses and functional connectivity during reading others intention. Scanning was performed in 23 individuals with ASD, 18 with paranoid SCZ and 23 gender and IQ matched control subjects. Both clinical groups showed reduced brain activation compared to controls for the contrast intentional vs physical information processing in left posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) for SCZ, and right pSTS in ASD. As predicted, these effects were caused in a group specific way: Relative increased activation for physical information processing in SCZ that was also correlated with positive PANNS score and relative decreased activation for intentional information processing in ASD. Additionally, we could demonstrate opposed connectivity patterns between the right pSTS and vMPFC in the clinical groups, ie, increased for SCZ, decreased for ASD. These findings represent opposed neural signatures in key regions of the social brain as predicted by the hyper-hypo-intentionality hypothesis.

Published
2015

14. Common variants in genes of the postsynaptic FMRP signalling pathway are risk factors for autism spectrum disorders

Author

Guillaume Huguet, Tomasz A. Jarczok, Christine M. Freitag, Jobst Meyer, Sven Bölte, Anette Voran, Michael Sachse, Gabriele Schmötzer, Sabine M. Klauck, Sabine Schlitt, Tina Kleinböck, Thomas Bourgeron, Laura M. Kämpfer, Regina Waltes, Eftichia Duketis, Richard Anney, Michael Knapp, Ellen Huy, Fritz Poustka, Andreas G. Chiocchetti, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, University of Bonn, Trinity College Dublin, Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Trier University of Applied Sciences, Institut Pasteur [Paris], German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), This work was supported by the Saarland University (T6 03 10 00-45 to C.M.F.), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (Po 255/17-4 to F.P.), the European Commission and the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung BMBF (ERA-NET NEURON project: EUHFAUTISM) (EUHFAUTISM-01EW1105 to C.M.F.), and the Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz (LOEWE): Neuronal Coordination Research Focus Frankfurt (NeFF).Furthermore, we gratefully acknowledge the families participating in the Autism Genome Project (AGP) and the main funders: Autism Speaks (USA), the Health Research Board (HRB, Ireland), the Medical Research Council (MRC, UK), Genome Canada/Ontario Genomics Institute and the Hilibrand Foundation (USA)., We thank all patients and their families for taking part in this study. In addition, we thoroughly thank Veronika Delcheva, Silvia Lindlar, Marnie Kopp, Hiacynta Jelen and Cornelia Wirth for excellent technical assistance and Heiko Zerlaut and Rusico Weber for database management., ANR-10-NEUR-0003,EUHFAUTISM(2010), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Signal Transduction, Candidate gene, Genotyping Techniques, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bioinformatics, MESH: Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, MESH: Neuronal Plasticity, Child, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Neuronal Plasticity, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Transmission disequilibrium test, MESH: European Continental Ancestry Group, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, 3. Good health, MESH: Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4, Child, Preschool, Female, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction, Adolescent, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, MESH: Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Genotyping Techniques, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, MESH: Protein Binding, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, Gene, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, MESH: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Alleles, MESH: Child, Preschool, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Gene Expression Regulation, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Splicing factor binding, Autism, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4
Abstract

International audience; Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous disorders with a high heritability and complex genetic architecture. Due to the central role of the fragile X mental retardation gene 1 protein (FMRP) pathway in ASD we investigated common functional variants of ASD risk genes regulating FMRP. We genotyped ten SNPs in two German patient sets (N = 192 and N = 254 families, respectively) and report association for rs7170637 (CYFIP1; set 1 and combined sets), rs6923492 (GRM1; combined sets), and rs25925 (CAMK4; combined sets). An additional risk score based on variants with an odds ratio (OR) >1.25 in set 1 and weighted by their respective log transmitted/untransmitted ratio revealed a significant effect (OR 1.30, 95 % CI 1.11-1.53; P = 0.0013) in the combined German sample. A subsequent meta-analysis including the two German samples, the "Strict/European" ASD subsample of the Autism Genome Project (1,466 families) and a French case/control (541/366) cohort showed again association of rs7170637-A (OR 0.85, 95 % CI 0.75-0.96; P = 0.007) and rs25925-G (OR 1.31, 95 % CI 1.04-1.64; P = 0.021) with ASD. Functional analyses revealed that these minor alleles predicted to alter splicing factor binding sites significantly increase levels of an alternative mRNA isoform of the respective gene while keeping the overall expression of the gene constant. These findings underpin the role of ASD candidate genes in postsynaptic FMRP regulation suggesting that an imbalance of specific isoforms of CYFIP1, an FMRP interaction partner, and CAMK4, a transcriptional regulator of the FMRP gene, modulates ASD risk. Both gene products are related to neuronal regulation of synaptic plasticity, a pathomechanism underlying ASD and may thus present future targets for pharmacological therapies in ASD.

Published
2014
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15. Reduced Predictable Information in Brain Signals in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Michael Wibral, Joseph T. Lizier, Sabine Schlitt, Carlos Gómez, Christine M. Freitag, Peter J. Uhlhaas, Sven Bölte, Patricia Wollstadt, Roberto Hornero, Christine Grützner, and Michael Schaum

Subjects
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Bayesian probability, Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Information Theory, Time step, Information theory, behavioral disciplines and activities, Hippocampus, lcsh:RC321-571, mental disorders, medicine, Original Research Article, predictive coding, complex systems, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, medicine.diagnostic_test, Visual task, Magnetoencephalography, Mutual information, medicine.disease, Active Information Storage, Computer Science Applications, Developmental disorder, Autism spectrum disorder, Psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common developmental disorder characterized by communication difficulties and impaired social interaction. Recent results suggest altered brain dynamics as a potential cause of symptoms in ASD. Here, we aim to describe potential information-processing consequences of these alterations by measuring active information storage (AIS) – a key quantity in the theory of distributed computation in biological networks. AIS is defined as the mutual information between the semi-infinite past of a process and its next state. It measures the amount of stored information that is used for computation of the next time step of a process. AIS is high for rich but predictable dynamics. We recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals in 13 ASD patients and 14 matched control subjects in a visual task. After a beamformer source analysis, twelve task-relevant sources were obtained. For these sources, stationary baseline activity was analyzed using AIS. Our results showed a decrease of AIS values in the hippocampus of ASD patients in comparison with controls, meaning that brain signals in ASD were either less predictable, reduced in their dynamic richness or both. Our study suggests the usefulness of AIS to detect an abnormal type of dynamics in ASD. The observed changes in AIS are compatible with Bayesian theories of reduced use or precision of priors in ASD.

Published
2014
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16. Structural Alterations of the Social Brain

Author

Henrik Walter, Fritz Poustka, Sabine Schlitt, Sven Bölte, Michael Siniatchkin, Angela Ciaramidaro, Daniela Hainz, Daniel Radeloff, Christine M. Freitag, and Bernhard Weber

Subjects
Social Cognition, Male, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Autism, lcsh:Medicine, Audiology, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Biochemistry, Medicine and Health Sciences, lcsh:Science, Prefrontal cortex, Adolescent, Adult, Amygdala, Brain, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Prefrontal Cortex, Schizophrenia, Young Adult, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Medicine (all), Brain Mapping, Multidisciplinary, medicine.anatomical_structure, Autism spectrum disorder, Brain size, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Child Development Disorders, Brain Morphometry, Neuroimaging, Biology, behavioral disciplines and activities, Developmental Neuroscience, Mental Health and Psychiatry, Pervasive, mental disorders, medicine, ddc:610, Psychiatry, 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie, lcsh:R, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Voxel-based morphometry, Social cue, medicine.disease, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Cognitive Science, lcsh:Q, Voxel-Based Morphometry, Insula, Neuroscience
Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia share a substantial number of etiologic and phenotypic characteristics. Still, no direct comparison of both disorders has been performed to identify differences and commonalities in brain structure. In this voxel based morphometry study, 34 patients with autism spectrum disorder, 21 patients with schizophrenia and 26 typically developed control subjects were included to identify global and regional brain volume alterations. No global gray matter or white matter differences were found between groups. In regional data, patients with autism spectrum disorder compared to typically developed control subjects showed smaller gray matter volume in the amygdala, insula, and anterior medial prefrontal cortex. Compared to patients with schizophrenia, patients with autism spectrum disorder displayed smaller gray matter volume in the left insula. Disorder specific positive correlations were found between mentalizing ability and left amygdala volume in autism spectrum disorder, and hallucinatory behavior and insula volume in schizophrenia. Results suggest the involvement of social brain areas in both disorders. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to quantify the amount of distinct and overlapping neural correlates in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.

Published
2014
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17. Executive and visuo-motor function in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder

Author

Sabine Schlitt, Shella Schirman, Henrik Walter, Christine M. Freitag, Michael Sachse, Fritz Poustka, Daniela Hainz, Sven Bölte, and Angela Ciaramidaro

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Child Development Disorders, genetic structures, Adolescent, Inhibition (Psychology), Autism, Short-term memory, Audiology, Neuropsychological Tests, behavioral disciplines and activities, Spatial memory, Developmental psychology, Executive functions, Executive Function, Cognition, Memory, Information processing, mental disorders, medicine, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Attention, Child, Pervasive, Reaction time, Cognitive flexibility, Neuropsychology, CANTAB, medicine.disease, Movement time, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Visual Perception, Inhibition, Psychological, Autism spectrum disorder, Psychology
Abstract

This study broadly examines executive (EF) and visuo-motor function in 30 adolescent and adult individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to 28 controls matched for age, gender, and IQ. ASD individuals showed impaired spatial working memory, whereas planning, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition were spared. Pure movement execution during visuo-motor information processing also was intact. In contrast, execution time of reading, naming, and of visuo-motor information processing tasks including a choice component was increased in the ASD group. Results of this study are in line with previous studies reporting only minimal EF difficulties in older individuals with ASD when assessed by computerized tasks. The finding of impaired visuo-motor information processing should be accounted for in further neuropsychological studies in ASD.

Published
2013

18. Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorderspi

Author

Naisha Shah, William M. McMahon, Barbara Parrini, Jeremy R. Parr, Thomas Bourgeron, Vanessa Hus, Gudrun Nygren, Sabine M. Klauck, John B. Vincent, Nadine M. Melhem, Jillian P. Casey, Christina Corsello, Jonathan L. Haines, Andrew D. Paterson, Raffaella Tancredi, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Jonathan Green, Richard Delorme, Geraldine Dawson, Andrew Pickles, Carine Mantoulan, Alexander Kolevzon, Bridget A. Fernandez, Frederico Duque, Inês Sousa, Tara Paton, Kathryn Roeder, Joana Almeida, Richard Anney, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Joachim Hallmayer, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Sabata C. Lund, Rita M. Cantor, Daniel H. Geschwind, Janine A. Lamb, Annette Estes, Sven Bölte, Hakon Hakonarson, Gillian Hughes, Gillian Baird, John I. Nurnberger, Jessica Brian, Bernie Devlin, Roberta Igliozzi, Vera Stoppioni, Jiannis Ragoussis, Peter Szatmari, Ghazala Mirza, Eric Fombonne, Thomas H. Wassink, Emily L. Crawford, Nuala Sykes, Danielle Zurawiecki, Graham Kenny, David J. Posey, Elena Maestrini, Vlad Kustanovich, Elena Bacchelli, Veronica J. Vieland, Stephen W. Scherer, Guiomar Oliveira, Simon Wallace, John R. Gilbert, Latha Soorya, Sean Brennan, Tiago R. Magalhaes, Hilary Coon, Elizabeth A. Heron, Sabine Schlitt, Fritz Poustka, Astrid M. Vicente, Patrick Bolton, Linda Lotspeich, Nancy J. Minshew, Val C. Sheffield, Bennett L. Leventhal, Xiao-Qing Liu, Andrew Green, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Shawn Wood, Susan E. Folstein, Sean Ennis, Catarina Correia, James S. Sutcliffe, Carolyn Noakes, Ann Le Couteur, Marion Leboyer, Ann P. Thompson, Christine M. Freitag, Fred R. Volkmar, Katerina Papanikolaou, Dalila Pinto, Agatino Battaglia, Frances Lombard, Joseph Piven, Maretha de Jonge, Michael Rutter, Clara Lajonchere, Kerstin Wittemeyer, Herman van Engeland, Michael L. Cuccaro, Richard Holt, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Louise Gallagher, Jeff Munson, Ana Tryfon, John Tsiantis, Lambertus Klei, Christopher Gillberg, Penny Farrar, Joseph T. Glessner, Ellen M. Wijsman, Anthony P. Monaco, Wendy Roberts, Nadia Bolshakova, Cecilia Kim, Judith Miller, Stephen J. Guter, Susanne Thomson, Catherine Lord, Anthony J. Bailey, Miriam Law-Smith, Michael Gill, Christopher J. McDougle, Bernadette Rogé, Alison K. Merikangas, Jacob A. S. Vorstman, Suma Jacob, Judith Conroy, Kirsty Wing, Regina Regan, Jennifer L. Howe, Stanley F. Nelson, Edwin H. Cook, Catalina Betancur, Eftichia Duketis, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto, University of Toronto-The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-Department of Molecular Genetics-McLaughlin Centre, Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo (UNDA), Hospital Pediatrico de Coimbra, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Newcomen Centre, Guy's Hospital [London], Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of psychiatry, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-University of Toronto, Academic Centre on Rare Diseases (ACoRD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), BioFIG, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Autism and Communicative Disorders Centre, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University [Nashville]-Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Service de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences [Washington], University of Washington [Seattle], The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], University of Miami School of Medicine, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami [Coral Gables], Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg (GU), The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children-University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Autism Genetic Resource Exchange, Autism Speaks, Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Manchester, University of Manchester [Manchester], Service de psychiatrie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, European Network of Bipolar Research Expert Centres (ENBREC), ENBREC, Newcastle University [Newcastle]-Institute of Health & Society (Child & Adolescent Psychiatry), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University Department of Child Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Department of Medicine, Manchester, University of Manchester [Manchester]-School of Epidemiology and Health Science, Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Octogone Unité de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (Octogone), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa [Iowa City]-Howard Hughes Medical-Institute Carver College of Medicine, Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Ospedale Santa Croce, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario]-Offord Centre for Child Studies, University of Toronto, Child Study Centre, Yale University School of Medicine, University of Oxford [Oxford]-Warneford Hospital, University of Alberta, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), The Institute of Psychiatry-King‘s College London, Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California-University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris [Pisa], Autism Speaks and the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Neurology, University of California-University of California-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Institutes of Neuroscience and Health and Society, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Carver College of Medicine [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City]-University of Iowa [Iowa City], Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU)-Nationwide Children's Hospital, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP )-Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-University of Toronto-Department of Molecular Genetics-McLaughlin Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), King‘s College London-The Institute of Psychiatry, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Anney R, Klei L, Pinto D, Almeida J, Bacchelli E, Baird G, Bolshakova N, Bölte S, Bolton PF, Bourgeron T, Brennan S, Brian J, Casey J, Conroy J, Correia C, Corsello C, Crawford EL, de Jonge M, Delorme R, Duketis E, Duque F, Estes A, Farrar P, Fernandez BA, Folstein SE, Fombonne E, Gilbert J, Gillberg C, Glessner JT, Green A, Green J, Guter SJ, Heron EA, Holt R, Howe JL, Hughes G, Hus V, Igliozzi R, Jacob S, Kenny GP, Kim C, Kolevzon A, Kustanovich V, Lajonchere CM, Lamb JA, Law-Smith M, Leboyer M, Le Couteur A, Leventhal BL, Liu XQ, Lombard F, Lord C, Lotspeich L, Lund SC, Magalhaes TR, Mantoulan C, McDougle CJ, Melhem NM, Merikangas A, Minshew NJ, Mirza GK, Munson J, Noakes C, Nygren G, Papanikolaou K, Pagnamenta AT, Parrini B, Paton T, Pickles A, Posey DJ, Poustka F, Ragoussis J, Regan R, Roberts W, Roeder K, Roge B, Rutter ML, Schlitt S, Shah N, Sheffield VC, Soorya L, Sousa I, Stoppioni V, Sykes N, Tancredi R, Thompson AP, Thomson S, Tryfon A, Tsiantis J, Van Engeland H, Vincent JB, Volkmar F, Vorstman J, Wallace S, Wing K, Wittemeyer K, Wood S, Zurawiecki D, Zwaigenbaum L, Bailey AJ, Battaglia A, Cantor RM, Coon H, Cuccaro ML, Dawson G, Ennis S, Freitag CM, Geschwind DH, Haines JL, Klauck SM, McMahon WM, Maestrini E, Miller J, Monaco AP, Nelson SF, Nurnberger JI Jr, Oliveira G, Parr JR, Pericak-Vance MA, Piven J, Schellenberg GD, Scherer SW, Vicente AM, Wassink TH, Wijsman EM, Betancur C, Buxbaum JD, Cook EH, Gallagher L, Gill M, Hallmayer J, Paterson AD, Sutcliffe JS, Szatmari P, Vieland VJ, Hakonarson H, Devlin B, University of Oxford, Pôle Enfants [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), University of Oxford-Warneford Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Betancur, Catalina, and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Male, CNTNAP2, Genotype, Genome-wide association study, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Nerve Tissue Proteins, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Biology, Language Development, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), Gene Frequency, Risk Factors, mental disorders, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Copy-number variation, Allele, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Child, Molecular Biology, Allele frequency, Genetics (clinical), Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Association Studies Articles, Membrane Proteins, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Genetic architecture, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, common variant, Perturbações do Desenvolvimento Infantil e Saúde Mental, Autism, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

International audience; While it is apparent that rare variation can play an important role in the genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), the contribution of common variation to the risk of developing ASD is less clear. To produce a more comprehensive picture, we report Stage 2 of the Autism Genome Project genome-wide association study, adding 1301 ASD families and bringing the total to 2705 families analysed (Stages 1 and 2). In addition to evaluating the association of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we also sought evidence that common variants, en masse, might affect the risk. Despite genotyping over a million SNPs covering the genome, no single SNP shows significant association with ASD or selected phenotypes at a genome-wide level. The SNP that achieves the smallest P-value from secondary analyses is rs1718101. It falls in CNTNAP2, a gene previously implicated in susceptibility for ASD. This SNP also shows modest association with age of word/phrase acquisition in ASD subjects, of interest because features of language development are also associated with other variation in CNTNAP2. In contrast, allele scores derived from the transmission of common alleles to Stage 1 cases significantly predict case status in the independent Stage 2 sample. Despite being significant, the variance explained by these allele scores was small (Vm< 1%). Based on results from individual SNPs and their en masse effect on risk, as inferred from the allele score results, it is reasonable to conclude that common variants affect the risk for ASD but their individual effects are modest.

Published
2012
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19. A close eye on the eagle-eyed visual acuity hypothesis of autism

Author

Bernhard Weber, Sven Bölte, Henrik Walter, Angela Ciaramidaro, Volker Gapp, Daniela Hainz, Christine M. Freitag, Fritz Poustka, Shella Schirman, and Sabine Schlitt

Subjects
Eagle, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual perception, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Sensory processing, Adolescent, Vision, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Autism, Visual Acuity, Sensory system, Audiology, behavioral disciplines and activities, Developmental psychology, Attention, Bottom-up, Schizophrenia, Autistic Disorder, Female, Humans, Ocular, Visual Perception, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Perception, biology.animal, mental disorders, medicine, ddc:610, Vision, Ocular, media_common, Original Paper, biology, medicine.disease, medicine.symptom, Psychology
Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been associated with sensory hypersensitivity. A recent study reported visual acuity (VA) in ASD in the region reported for birds of prey. The validity of the results was subsequently doubted. This study examined VA in 34 individuals with ASD, 16 with schizophrenia (SCH), and 26 typically developing (TYP). Participants with ASD did not show higher VA than those with SCH and TYP. There were no substantial correlations of VA with clinical severity in ASD or SCH. This study could not confirm the eagle-eyed acuity hypothesis of ASD, or find evidence for a connection of VA and clinical phenotypes. Research needs to further address the origins and circumstances associated with altered sensory or perceptual processing in ASD.

Published
2012

20. Pilot evaluation of the Frankfurt Social Skills Training for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Author

Sabine Schlitt, Sven Bölte, Gabriele Schmötzer, Sabine Birnkammer, Fritz Poustka, Evelyn Herbrecht, Eftichia Duketis, Department of child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)

Subjects
Male, Pilot Projects, group intervention, Developmental psychology, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:150, Behavior Therapy, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Psychology, Child, Psychological Disorders, Mental Health Treatment and Prevention, communication, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, Psychiatry and Mental health, psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention, Autism spectrum disorder, Psychotherapy, Group, Female, Social Adjustment, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Psychopathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, education, effectiveness, autism, social interaction, behavioral disciplines and activities, Peer Group, 03 medical and health sciences, Social skills, medicine, Pervasive developmental disorder, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Autistic Disorder, Social Behavior, Analysis of Variance, Peer group, medicine.disease, Social relation, Psychologie, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Autism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Program Evaluation
Abstract

International audience; The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a group-based intervention aiming at improving social and communication skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Over a period of 11 months, = 17 children and adolescents received treatment according to the manualised Frankfurt Social Skills Training (KONTAKT). Parent, teacher, expert and blind expert ratings were assessed to judge outcome regarding peer interaction, autistic behaviours, adaptive functioning and family burden. The participants exhibited improvements pre to follow-up treatment, particularly in the area of autistic symptomatology. Effect sizes (partial eta squared) ranged from 0.02 to 0.69. Among other things, regression models showed a positive influence of IQ and language skills on gains in social skills. Findings indicate that KONTAKT might be useful for enhancing social skills and reducing autism-related psychopathology over time in different contexts. Nevertheless, controlled trials are needed to reassure its effectiveness.

Published
2009
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21. Rare coding variation provides insight into the genetic architecture and phenotypic context of autism

Author

J. M., Fu, Satterstrom, F. K., Peng, M., Brand, H., Collins, R. L., Dong, S., Wamsley, B., Klei, L., Wang, L., Hao, S. P., Stevens, C. R., Cusick, C., Babadi, M., Banks, E., Collins, B., Dodge, S., Gabriel, S. B., Gauthier, L., Lee, S. K., Liang, L., Ljungdahl, A., Mahjani, B., Sloofman, L., Smirnov, A. N., Barbosa, M., Betancur, C., Brusco, A., Chung, B. H. Y., Cook, E. H., Cuccaro, M. L., Domenici, E., Ferrero, G. B., Gargus, J. J., Herman, G. E., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Maciel, P., Manoach, D. S., Passos-Bueno, M. R., Persico, A., Renieri, A., Sutcliffe, J. S., Tassone, F., Trabetti, E., Campos, G., Cardaropoli, S., Carli, D., Chan, M. C. Y., Fallerini, C., Giorgio, E., Girardi, A. C., Hansen-Kiss, E., Lee, S. L., Lintas, C., Ludena, Y., Nguyen, R., Pavinato, L., Pericak-Vance, M., Pessah, I. N., Schmidt, R. J., Smith, M., Costa, C. I. S., Trajkova, S., Wang, J. Y. T., M. H. C., Yu, Aleksic, B., Artomov, M., Benetti, E., Biscaldi-Schafer, M., Borglum, A. D., Carracedo, A., Chiocchetti, A. G., Coon, H., Doan, R. N., Fernandez-Prieto, M., Freitag, C. M., Gerges, S., Guter, S., Hougaard, D. M., Hultman, C. M., Jacob, S., Kaartinen, M., Kolevzon, A., Kushima, I., Lehtimaki, T., Rizzo, C. L., Maltman, N., Manara, M., Meiri, G., Menashe, I., Miller, J., Minshew, N., Mosconi, M., Ozaki, N., Palotie, A., Parellada, M., Puura, K., Reichenberg, A., Sandin, S., Scherer, S. W., Schlitt, S., Schmitt, L., Schneider-Momm, K., Siper, P. M., Suren, P., Sweeney, J. A., Teufel, K., del Pilar Trelles, M., Weiss, L. A., Yuen, R., Cutler, D. J., De Rubeis, S., Buxbaum, J. D., Daly, M. J., Devlin, B., Roeder, K., Sanders, S. J., Talkowski, M. E., Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Azienda Ospedalerio - Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino = University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM), University of Trento [Trento], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Nationwide Children's Hospital, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Universidade do Minho = University of Minho [Braga], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston, MA, USA], Escola Politecnica da Universidade de Sao Paulo [Sao Paulo], Università degli Studi di Messina = University of Messina (UniMe), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma / University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome ( UCBM), Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC), Broad Institute Center for Common Disease Genomics (Broad-CCDG), iPSYCH-BROAD Consortium : Branko Aleksic, Mykyta Artomov, Elisa Benetti, Monica Biscaldi-Schafer, Anders D Børglum, Angel Carracedo, Andreas G Chiocchetti, Hilary Coon, Ryan N Doan, Montserrat Fernández-Prieto, Christine M Freitag, Sherif Gerges, Stephen Guter, David M Hougaard, Christina M Hultman, Suma Jacob, Miia Kaartinen, Alexander Kolevzon, Itaru Kushima, Terho Lehtimäki, Caterina Lo Rizzo, Nell Maltman, Marianna Manara, Gal Meiri, Idan Menashe, Judith Miller, Nancy Minshew, Matthew Mosconi, Norio Ozaki, Aarno Palotie, Mara Parellada, Kaija Puura, Abraham Reichenberg, Sven Sandin, Stephen W Scherer, Sabine Schlitt, Lauren Schmitt, Katja Schneider-Momm, Paige M Siper, Pål Suren, John A Sweeney, Karoline Teufel, Maria Del Pilar Trelles, Lauren A Weiss, Ryan Yuen., and Betancur, Catalina

Subjects
Broad Institute Center for Common Disease Genomics, Autism Sequencing Consortium, DNA Copy Number Variations, Autism Spectrum Disorder, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Autism, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), iPSYCH-BROAD Consortium, autism spectrum disorders, disease gene, copy number variants, neuropsychiatric disorders, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, GENOMAS, Medical and Health Sciences, Article, Clinical Research, Genetics, Humans, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Autistic Disorder, Aetiology, Genetic association study, Pediatric, Human Genome, Neurodevelopmental disorders, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Biological Sciences, Autism spectrum disorders, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Mutation, Gene expression, Biotechnology, Developmental Biology
Abstract

International audience; Some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) carry functional mutations rarely observed in the general population. We explored the genes disrupted by these variants from joint analysis of protein-truncating variants (PTVs), missense variants and copy number variants (CNVs) in a cohort of 63,237 individuals. We discovered 72 genes associated with ASD at false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.001 (185 at FDR ≤ 0.05). De novo PTVs, damaging missense variants and CNVs represented 57.5%, 21.1% and 8.44% of association evidence, while CNVs conferred greatest relative risk. Meta-analysis with cohorts ascertained for developmental delay (DD) (n = 91,605) yielded 373 genes associated with ASD/DD at FDR ≤ 0.001 (664 at FDR ≤ 0.05), some of which differed in relative frequency of mutation between ASD and DD cohorts. The DD-associated genes were enriched in transcriptomes of progenitor and immature neuronal cells, whereas genes showing stronger evidence in ASD were more enriched in maturing neurons and overlapped with schizophrenia-associated genes, emphasizing that these neuropsychiatric disorders may share common pathways to risk.

Published
2022
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22. Training-induced plasticity of the social brain in autism spectrum disorder.

Author

Bölte S, Ciaramidaro A, Schlitt S, Hainz D, Kliemann D, Beyer A, Poustka F, Freitag C, and Walter H

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Autism Spectrum Disorder psychology, Autism Spectrum Disorder therapy, Brain Mapping methods, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Intelligence physiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Processes physiology, Psychological Tests, Psychotherapy methods, Young Adult, Autism Spectrum Disorder physiopathology, Brain physiology, Facial Recognition
Abstract

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to social brain activity and facial affect recognition (FAR)., Aims: To examine social brain plasticity in ASD., Method: Using FAR tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks for FAR, we compared 32 individuals with ASD and 25 controls. Subsequently, the participants with ASD were assigned to FAR computer-aided cognitive training or a control group., Results: The ASD group performed more poorly than controls on explicit behavioural FAR tests. In the scanner, during implicit FAR, the amygdala, fusiform gyrus and other regions of the social brain were less activated bilaterally. The training group improved on behavioural FAR tests, and cerebral response to implicit affect processing tasks increased bilaterally post-training in the social brain., Conclusions: Individuals with ASD show FAR impairments associated with hypoactivation of the social brain. Computer-based training improves explicit FAR and neuronal responses during implicit FAR, indicating neuroplasticity in the social brain in ASD., (© The Royal College of Psychiatrists, all rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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