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Background Sleep duration has been shown to be associated with individual chronic diseases but its association with multimorbidity, common in older adults, remains poorly understood. We examined whether sleep duration is associated with incidence of a first chronic disease, subsequent multimorbidity and mortality using data spanning 25 years. Methods and findings Data were drawn from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study, established in 1985 on 10,308 persons employed in the London offices of the British civil service. Self-reported sleep duration was measured 6 times between 1985 and 2016, and data on sleep duration was extracted at age 50 (mean age (standard deviation) = 50.6 (2.6)), 60 (60.3 (2.2)), and 70 (69.2 (1.9)). Incidence of multimorbidity was defined as having 2 or more of 13 chronic diseases, follow-up up to March 2019. Cox regression, separate analyses at each age, was used to examine associations of sleep duration at age 50, 60, and 70 with incident multimorbidity. Multistate models were used to examine the association of sleep duration at age 50 with onset of a first chronic disease, progression to incident multimorbidity, and death. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors. A total of 7,864 (32.5% women) participants free of multimorbidity had data on sleep duration at age 50; 544 (6.9%) reported sleeping [less than or equal to]5 hours, 2,562 (32.6%) 6 hours, 3,589 (45.6%) 7 hours, 1,092 (13.9%) 8 hours, and 77 (1.0%) [greater than or equal to]9 hours. Compared to 7-hour sleep, sleep duration [less than or equal to]5 hours was associated with higher multimorbidity risk (hazard ratio: 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.12 to 1.50; p < 0.001). This was also the case for short sleep duration at age 60 (1.32, 1.13 to 1.55; p < 0.001) and 70 (1.40, 1.16 to 1.68; p < 0.001). Sleep duration [greater than or equal to]9 hours at age 60 (1.54, 1.15 to 2.06; p = 0.003) and 70 (1.51, 1.10 to 2.08; p = 0.01) but not 50 (1.39, 0.98 to 1.96; p = 0.07) was associated with incident multimorbidity. Among 7,217 participants free of chronic disease at age 50 (mean follow-up = 25.2 years), 4,446 developed a first chronic disease, 2,297 progressed to multimorbidity, and 787 subsequently died. Compared to 7-hour sleep, sleeping [less than or equal to]5 hours at age 50 was associated with an increased risk of a first chronic disease (1.20, 1.06 to 1.35; p = 0.003) and, among those who developed a first disease, with subsequent multimorbidity (1.21, 1.03 to 1.42; p = 0.02). Sleep duration [greater than or equal to]9 hours was not associated with these transitions. No association was found between sleep duration and mortality among those with existing chronic diseases. The study limitations include the small number of cases in the long sleep category, not allowing conclusions to be drawn for this category, the self-reported nature of sleep data, the potential for reverse causality that could arise from undiagnosed conditions at sleep measures, and the small proportion of non-white participants, limiting generalization of findings. Conclusions In this study, we observed short sleep duration to be associated with risk of chronic disease and subsequent multimorbidity but not with progression to death. There was no robust evidence of an increased risk of chronic disease among those with long sleep duration at age 50. Our findings suggest an association between short sleep duration and multimorbidity., Author(s): Séverine Sabia 1,2,*, Aline Dugravot 1, Damien Léger 3,4, Céline Ben Hassen 1, Mika Kivimaki 2,5, Archana Singh-Manoux 1,2 Introduction Approximately one third of human life is devoted to [...]

INTRODUCTION: We first examined the role of age at cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset for incident dementia, and then examined whether lifestyle factors at guideline‐recommended levels in individuals with CVD mitigates dementia risk. METHODS: We used population‐based data (Whitehall II: n = 10,308/baseline 1985–1988/examinations every 4–5 years). Lifestyle factors (non‐smoking, body mass index [BMI], physical activity, diet) were extracted post‐CVD. RESULTS: Over a median of 31.6 years, 3275 (32.1%) developed CVD. At age 70, risk of dementia was higher in individuals with CVD onset before (hazard ratio [HR] of incident dementia for participants with CVD before age 60, using participants without CVD at age 70 as the reference: 1.56, 95% confidence interal [CI] 1.18–2.08) but not after 60 years. In participants with CVD, a greater number of lifestyle factors at recommended levels post‐CVD was associated with a lower dementia risk (per lifestyle factor at recommended level HR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.59–0.92). DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that early onset CVD is associated with a higher dementia risk at older ages. In those with CVD, the dementia risk was lower if lifestyle factors are at recommended levels following CVD diagnosis. Highlights: CVD in midlife but not in late life is associated with a higher risk of dementia.Dementia risk in CVD patients is lower if their lifestyle factors are at recommended levels.These findings provide evidence to promote CVD prevention in midlife or earlier.Study findings also show the importance of a healthy lifestyle in those with CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The association of lipids with dementia remains a subject of debate. Using data from 7,672 participants of the Whitehall II prospective cohort study, we examined whether timing of exposure, length of follow‐up, or sex modifies this association. METHODS: Twelve markers of lipid levels were measured from fasting blood and eight among them a further five times. We performed time‐to‐event as well as trajectory analyses. RESULTS: No associations were observed in men; in women most lipids were associated with the risk of dementia, but only for events occurring after the first 20 years of follow‐up. Differences in lipid trajectories in men emerged only in the years immediately before diagnosis whereas in women total cholesterol (TC), LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), non‐HDL‐cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C), TC/HDL‐C, and LDL‐C/HDL‐C were higher in midlife among dementia cases before declining progressively. DISCUSSION: Abnormal lipid levels in midlife seem to be associated with a higher risk of dementia in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]