95 results on '"Sabatino R"'
Search Results
2. Elimination from wastewater of antibiotics reserved for hospital settings, with a Fenton process based on zero-valent iron
- Author
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Furia, F, Minella, M, Gosetti, F, Turci, F, Sabatino, R, Di Cesare, A, Corno, G, Vione, D, Furia F., Minella M., Gosetti F., Turci F., Sabatino R., Di Cesare A., Corno G., Vione D., Furia, F, Minella, M, Gosetti, F, Turci, F, Sabatino, R, Di Cesare, A, Corno, G, Vione, D, Furia F., Minella M., Gosetti F., Turci F., Sabatino R., Di Cesare A., Corno G., and Vione D.
- Abstract
The Fenton process activated by Zero Valent Iron (ZVI-Fenton) is shown here to effectively remove antibiotics reserved for hospital settings (specifically used to treat antibiotic-resistant infections) from wastewater, thereby helping in the fight against bacterial resistance. Effective degradation of cefazolin, imipenem and vancomycin in real urban wastewater was achieved at pH 5, which is quite near neutrality when compared with classic Fenton that works effectively at pH 3–4. The possibility to operate successfully at pH 5 has several advantages compared to operation at lower pH values: (i) lower reagent costs for pH adjustment; (ii) insignificant impact on wastewater conductivity, because lesser acid is required to acidify and lesser or no base for neutralization; (iii) undetectable release of dissolved Fe, which could otherwise be an issue for wastewater quality. The cost of reagents for the treatment ranges between 0.04 and 0.07 $ m−3, which looks very suitable for practical applications. The structures of the degradation intermediates of the studied antibiotics and their likely abundance suggest that, once the primary compound is eliminated, most of the potential to trigger antibiotic action has been removed. Application of the ZVI-Fenton technique to wastewater treatment could considerably lower the possibility for antibiotics to trigger the development of resistance in bacteria.
- Published
- 2021
3. Observations concerning the British Housing Subsidy
- Author
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Sabatino, R. A.
- Published
- 1952
4. Nonlinear seismic assessment of lightly reinforced concrete intake towers
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Sabatino, R., primary, Crewe, A.J., additional, Daniell, W.E., additional, and Taylor, C.A., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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5. GN4-1 White Paper: Comparison of Authentication and Authorisation Infrastructures for Research
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Hämmerle, L., Sabatino, R., Lenggenhager, T., Mantovani, M. L., Pilt, P., Toom, L., Jensen, J., Torroglosa, E., Paetow, Stefan, Solagna, Peter, Elbers, Willem, Ceccanti, Andrea, Wegh, Bas, Hardt, Marcus, Millar, Paul, and Reetz, Johannes
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DATA processing & computer science ,ddc:004 - Published
- 2016
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6. Low Salinity Waterflooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery - Stochastic Model Calibration and Uncertainty Quantification
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Spagnuolo, M., primary, Callegaro, C., additional, Guadagnini, A., additional, and Sabatino, R., additional
- Published
- 2015
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7. Non-Linear Static Analysis of Masonry Structures by means of Equivalent Frames simplified approach
- Author
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Rizzano, Gianvittorio and Sabatino, R.
- Published
- 2010
8. Efficient Structural Uncertainty Parameterization for Risk Assessment of Large Fields
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Sabatino, R.., additional, Viviani, E.., additional, Della Rossa, E.., additional, Sala, C.., additional, and Maffioli, A.., additional
- Published
- 2014
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9. Structural Uncertainty Integration within Reservoir Risk Analysis and History Matching
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Sabatino, R.., additional, Viviani, E.., additional, Della Rossa, E.., additional, Sala, C.., additional, and Maffioli, A.., additional
- Published
- 2014
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10. L’influenza delle fasce di piano sulla resistenza di pareti in muratura
- Author
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Rizzano, Gianvittorio, Sabatino, R., and Zambrano, M.
- Published
- 2009
11. Uncertainty Analyses for Thermal Development in Heavy Oil Fields
- Author
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Sabatino, R., primary, Maffeis, I., additional, Contento, F.M., additional, Tegami, A., additional, and De Simoni, M., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. CONSIDERAZIONI SULL’USO DELLA PCR NELLA DIAGNOSTICA TUBERCOLARE DI MATERIALI NON RESPIRATORI
- Author
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Santoro, G., primary, Falca, M., additional, Sabatino, R., additional, and Cione, P., additional
- Published
- 2004
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13. IP QoS across multiple management domains: practical experiences from pan-European experiments
- Author
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Roth, R., primary, Campanella, M., additional, Leinen, S., additional, Sabatino, R., additional, Simar, N., additional, Przybylski, M., additional, Trocha, S., additional, Liakopoulos, A., additional, and Sevasti, A., additional
- Published
- 2003
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14. Counting the cycles: a comparative study of NFS performance over high speed networks.
- Author
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Hall, J., Sabatino, R., Crosby, S., Leslie, I., and Black, R.
- Published
- 1997
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15. Scalar fields and matter cosmologies
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de Ritis, R., primary, Platania, G., additional, Rubano, C., additional, and Sabatino, R., additional
- Published
- 1991
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16. Corrigendum to 'In Vitro Antioxidant Treatment of Semen Samples in Assisted Reproductive Technology: Effects of Myo-Inositol on Nemaspermic Parameters'
- Author
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Mariangela Palmieri, Palma Papale, Antonietta Della Ragione, Giuseppa Quaranta, Giovanni Russo, and Sabatino Russo
- Subjects
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Published
- 2017
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17. Non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonists based upon a 4-substituted piperidine scaffold
- Author
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Klein, S. I., Molino, B. F., Czekaj, M., Dener, J. S., Leadley, R. J., Sabatino, R., Dunwiddle, C. T., and Chu, V.
- Published
- 1996
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18. Anti-thrombotic activity of RG13965, a novel platelet fibrinogen receptor antagonist
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Bostwick, J. S., Kasiewski, C. J., Chu, V., Klein, S. I., Sabatino, R. D., Pertone, M. H., Dunwiddie, C. T., Cook, J. J., and Leadley, R. J.
- Published
- 1996
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19. Design of a New Class of Orally Active Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonists
- Author
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Klein, S. I., Molino, B. F., Czekaj, M., Gardner, C. J., Chu, V., Brown, K., Sabatino, R. D., Bostwick, J. S., Kasiewski, C., Bentley, R., Windisch, V., Perrone, M., Dunwiddie, C. T., and Leadley, R. J.
- Abstract
The integrin receptor recognition sequence Arg-Gly-Asp was successfully used as a template from which to develop a series of potent, selective, orally active, peptide-based fibrinogen receptor antagonists with a long duration of action. Simple modifications centered on the Arg and Gly residues quickly led to a modified peptide (
1 ) with significantly enhanced ability to inhibit in vitro platelet aggregation. Substitution of the guanidino group in1 by piperidine provided3 , which showed not only a further increase in potency but also a modest degree of oral efficacy. Finally, exploration of the nature of the C-terminal amino acid, with respect to its side-chain functionality and the carboxy terminus, yielded a group of molecules that showed excellent in vitro potency for inhibiting platelet aggregation, excellent integrin selectivity, a high level of oral efficacy, and an extended duration of action.- Published
- 1998
20. N-uptake, translocation and relationships among N-related traits in maize as affected by genotype
- Author
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DI FONZO, N., MOTTO, M., MAGGIORE, T., SABATINO, R., and SALAMINI, F.
- Published
- 1982
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21. THE EFFECT OF FIN DENSITY ON THE HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP PERFORMANCE OF LOW-FINNED TUBE BANKS
- Author
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Rabas, T. J., Eckels, P. W., and Sabatino, R. A.
- Abstract
Heat transfer and pressure drop data are presented for equilateral-triangular pitch tube bundles containing low-finned tubes with fin counts between 0.4 and 1.06 fins per mm. Two types of finned tubes were tested. The first was a 19-mm O.D. integral finned tube with a 1.65-mm fin height and with 0.75 and 1.06 fins per mm. The second was a 31.75-mm O.D. plain tube wound with 3.18-mm soldered fin stock and containing 0.4, 0.71, and 0.98 fins per mm. A new low-fin heat transfer correlation was developed which predicted these new data and additional data from five other sources within an error range from minus 20 percent to plus 31 percent. A necessary dimensionless group required to obtain this accuracy was the fin diameter/fin spacing ratio. Existing friction factor correlations were not successful in predicting these new pressure drop results. A new low-fin friction factor correlation was developed which predicted these data and additional published data within an error range from minus 19 percent to plus 27 percent.
- Published
- 1981
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22. Exonucleolytic proofreading by calf thymus DNA polymerase delta.
- Author
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Kunkel, T A, Sabatino, R D, and Bambara, R A
- Abstract
The fidelity of DNA synthesis by calf thymus DNA polymerase delta (pol delta) in vitro has been determined using an M13lacZ alpha nonsense codon reversion assay. Pol delta is highly accurate, producing on average less than 1 single-base substitution error for each 10(6) nucleotides polymerized. This accuracy is 10- and 500-fold greater than that of DNA polymerases alpha and beta, respectively, in the same assay. Three observations suggest that this higher fidelity results in part from proofreading of misinserted bases by the 3' to 5' exonuclease associated with pol delta. First, the exonuclease efficiently excises terminally mismatched bases. Second, both terminal mismatch excision and the fidelity of DNA synthesis by pol delta are reduced with increasing concentration of deoxynucleoside triphosphates in the synthesis reaction. These effects result from increasing the rate of polymerization relative to the rate of exonucleolytic excision and are hallmarks of exonuclease proofreading. Third, both terminal mismatch excision and fidelity decrease upon addition to the reaction mixture of adenosine monophosphate, a compound known to selectively inhibit the exonuclease but not the polymerase activity of pol delta. These results suggest that 3' to 5' exonuclease-dependent proofreading enhances the fidelity of DNA synthesis by a mammalian DNA polymerase in vitro.
- Published
- 1987
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23. Deregulation of paralogous 13 HOX genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma
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Aquino, G., Franco, R., Sabatino, R., La Mantia, E., Scognamiglio, G., Collina, F., Longo, F., Ionna, F., Losito, N. S., giuseppina liguori, Botti, G., Cantile, M., Aquino, G, Franco, Renato, Sabatino, R, Mantia, El, Scognamiglio, G, Collina, F, Longo, F, Ionna, F, Losito, N, Liguori, G, Botti, G, and Cantile, M.
24. In Vitro Antioxidant Treatment of Semen Samples in Assisted Reproductive Technology: Effects of Myo-Inositol on Nemaspermic Parameters
- Author
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Mariangela Palmieri, Palma Papale, Antonietta Della Ragione, Giuseppa Quaranta, Giovanni Russo, and Sabatino Russo
- Subjects
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Male infertility and the poor quality of sperm seem to be influenced by oxidative stress. In particular, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly produced by morphologically altered spermatozoa affect sperm motility, morphology, and integrity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Myo-Inositol (Myo-Ins) on a number of parameters such as viscosity and total and progressive motility of spermatozoa, in order to better validate its possible practical application in vitro, in order to improve the capacitation protocols commonly used in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). A total of 100 fresh and 25 thawed semen samples were analyzed in vitro prior to and after addition of Myo-Ins. Treatment of samples with Myo-Ins showed an increase in the sperm total and progressive motility in both fresh and thawed samples. Furthermore, Myo-Ins proved to be well tolerated by spermatozoa in vitro, demonstrating that it can be efficiently and safely used as antioxidant in the laboratory practice and for preparation of semen samples in ART.
- Published
- 2016
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25. Studio della funzionalità retinica nella oftalmologia-plus
- Author
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Fusco, R, Magli, Adriano, Corvino, C, and Sabatino, R.
- Published
- 1985
26. Influence of bolt preloading and flexural effects on the ultimate behaviour of bolted T-stubs
- Author
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Vincenzo Piluso, Rizzano, G., and Sabatino, R.
27. Counting the cycles: a comparative study of NFS performance over high speed networks
- Author
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Hall, J., primary, Sabatino, R., additional, Crosby, S., additional, Leslie, I., additional, and Black, R., additional
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. A comparative study of high speed networks
- Author
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Hall, J., primary, Sabatino, R., additional, Crosby, S., additional, Leslie, I., additional, and Black, R., additional
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. A comparative study of high speed networks.
- Author
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Hall, J., Sabatino, R., Crosby, S., Leslie, I., and Black, R.
- Published
- 1998
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30. Durability of Humoral Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Citizens of Ariano Irpino (Campania, Italy): A Longitudinal Observational Study With an 11.5-Month Follow-Up
- Author
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Annachiara Coppola, Carlo Buonerba, Davide Cardinale, Gabriella Lo Conte, Donato Sansone, Giuseppe Rofrano, Sabato De Vita, Maria Morgante, Maria Triassi, Luigi Atripaldi, Gianfranco Brambilla, Rocco Sabatino, Andrea Pierri, Daniela Pacella, Antonio Pizzolante, Biancamaria Pierri, Veronica Ferrucci, Massimo Zollo, Mario Capasso, Silvia Stringhini, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Sante Roperto, Pellegrino Cerino, Coppola, A., Buonerba, C., Cardinale, D., Lo Conte, G., Sansone, D., Rofrano, G., De Vita, S., Morgante, M., Triassi, M., Atripaldi, L., Brambilla, G., Sabatino, R., Pierri, A., Pacella, D., Pizzolante, A., Pierri, B., Ferrucci, V., Zollo, M., Capasso, M., Stringhini, S., Ascierto, P. A., Roperto, S., and Cerino, P.
- Subjects
Adult ,seroprevalence ,SARS-CoV-2 ,screening ,Seroepidemiologic Studie ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,antibody response ,Middle Aged ,Follow-Up Studie ,Immunity, Humoral ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Humans ,Female ,Public Health ,immunoassay ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Human ,Follow-Up Studies ,Original Research - Abstract
As of November 17, 2021, SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2), the causative agent of COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 19), has infected ~250 million people worldwide, causing around five million deaths. Titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were relatively stable for at least 9 months in a population-based study conducted in Wuhan, China, both in symptomatic and in asymptomatic individuals. In the mass screening campaign conducted in the town of Ariano Irpino (Avellino, Italy) in May, 2020, 5.7% (95% CI: 5.3-6-1) of the 13,444 asymptomatic citizens screened were positive for anti-nucleocapsid antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Among these, 422 citizens were re-tested for anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in January, 2021 and/or in April, 2021 and enrolled in this longitudinal observational study. Median (interquartile range) age of the study cohort was 46 years (29–59), with 47 (11.1%) participants of minor age, while 217 (51.4%) participants were females. There was no evidence of re-infection in any of the subjects included. Presence of anti-nuclear antibodies antibodies (Elecysis, Roche) was reported in 95.7 and 93.7% of evaluable participants in January and April, 2021. Multiple logistic regression analysis used to explore associations between age, sex and seroprevalence showed that adults vs. minors had significantly lower odds of having anti-S1 antibodies (Biorad) both in January, 2021 and in April, 2021. Our findings showed that antibodies remained detectable at least 11.5 months after infection in >90% of never symptomatic cases. Further investigation is required to establish duration of immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
- Published
- 2021
31. Clinical outcome prediction in COVID-19 patients by lymphocyte subsets analysis and monocytes’ iTNF-α expression
- Author
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Luigi Atripaldi, Anna D'Antonio, Caterina Pirozzi, Paolo A. Ascierto, Lucia Festino, Chiara De Falco, Gerardo Botti, Pellegrino Cerino, Marcello Raffone, Silvia Sale, Marcello Curvietto, Mariaelena Capone, Umberto Atripaldi, Vito Vanella, Roberto Parrella, Luigi Scarpato, Valentina Santocchio, Gabriele Madonna, Francesco Perna, Michela Spatarella, Rocco Sabatino, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Tiziana Di Matola, Lidia Atripaldi, Vincenzo Montesarchio, Marco Palla, Antonio M. Grimaldi, Madonna, G., Sale, S., Capone, M., De Falco, C., Santocchio, V., Di Matola, T., Fiorentino, G., Pirozzi, C., D'Antonio, A., Sabatino, R., Atripaldi, L., Atripaldi, U., Raffone, M., Curvietto, M., Grimaldi, A. M., Vanella, V., Festino, L., Scarpato, L., Palla, M., Spatarella, M., Perna, F., Cerino, P., Botti, G., Parrella, R., Montesarchio, V., and Ascierto, P. A.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lymphocytes ,QH301-705.5 ,Lymphocyte ,Tregs ,Biology ,Eosinophil ,medicine.disease_cause ,Monocyte ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,neutrophils ,medicine ,Biology (General) ,Coronavirus ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Neutrophil ,COVID-19 ,T lymphocyte ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,eosinophils ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,monocytes ,ITNF-α ,CD8 - Abstract
Simple Summary Several studies have explored the role of the inflammatory cells and cytokines involved in the protection or pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019. Unfortunately, the results have been controversial, and further studies are needed to better understand not only the roles but also the balance of these parameters, which are crucial data to improve prevention and treatment. As COVID-19 has a well-determined phasic progression and rapidly deteriorates approximately seven days after the onset of symptoms, it is extremely necessary to detect the clinical signs that are predictive of the outcome as early as possible. To this end, in this preliminary study, we evaluated the data relating to the monocyte intracellular TNF-α expression and lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood collected from patients at admission and every day of hospitalization until day 7. Our findings point to a modulation of the different cellular mediators of the immune system, which probably play a key role in the outcome of the coronavirus disease 2019. Abstract In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, “SARS-CoV-2”, was recognized as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have explored the changes and the role of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of the disease, but until today, the results have been controversial. Based on these premises, we conducted a retrospective assessment of monocyte intracellular TNF-α expression (iTNF-α) and on the frequencies of lymphocyte sub-populations in twenty-five patients with moderate/severe COVID-19. We found lymphopenia in all COVID-19 infected subjects compared to healthy subjects. On initial observation, in patients with favorable outcomes, we detected a high absolute eosinophil count and a high CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes ratio, while in the Exitus Group, we observed high neutrophil and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts. During infection, in patients with favorable outcomes, we observed a rise in the lymphocyte count, in the monocyte and in Treg lymphocyte counts, and in the CD4+ and in CD8+ T lymphocytes count but a reduction in the CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio. Instead, in the Exitus Group, we observed a reduction in the Treg lymphocyte counts and a decrease in iTNF-α expression. Our preliminary findings point to a modulation of the different cellular mediators of the immune system, which probably play a key role in the outcomes of COVID-19.
- Published
- 2021
32. Elimination from wastewater of antibiotics reserved for hospital settings, with a Fenton process based on zero-valent iron
- Author
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Francesco Furia, Davide Vione, Raffaella Sabatino, Fabio Gosetti, Gianluca Corno, Francesco Turci, Andrea Di Cesare, Marco Minella, Furia, F, Minella, M, Gosetti, F, Turci, F, Sabatino, R, Di Cesare, A, Corno, G, and Vione, D
- Subjects
Imipenem ,Environmental Engineering ,medicine.drug_class ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Iron ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Antibiotics ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Wastewater ,01 natural sciences ,Neutralization ,CHIM/01 - CHIMICA ANALITICA ,Vancomycin ,Cefazolin ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Zerovalent iron ,Chemistry ,Degradation product ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Advanced oxidation processes ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Cefazolin, Vancomycin, Imipenem, Wastewater remediation, Advanced oxidation processes, Degradation products ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,Hospitals ,020801 environmental engineering ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Reagent ,Wastewater remediation ,Degradation (geology) ,Sewage treatment ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Degradation products ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,medicine.drug ,Advanced oxidation processe - Abstract
The Fenton process activated by Zero Valent Iron (ZVI-Fenton) is shown here to effectively remove antibiotics reserved for hospital settings (specifically used to treat antibiotic-resistant infections) from wastewater, thereby helping in the fight against bacterial resistance. Effective degradation of cefazolin, imipenem and vancomycin in real urban wastewater was achieved at pH 5, which is quite near neutrality when compared with classic Fenton that works effectively at pH 3–4. The possibility to operate successfully at pH 5 has several advantages compared to operation at lower pH values: (i) lower reagent costs for pH adjustment; (ii) insignificant impact on wastewater conductivity, because lesser acid is required to acidify and lesser or no base for neutralization; (iii) undetectable release of dissolved Fe, which could otherwise be an issue for wastewater quality. The cost of reagents for the treatment ranges between 0.04 and 0.07 $ m−3, which looks very suitable for practical applications. The structures of the degradation intermediates of the studied antibiotics and their likely abundance suggest that, once the primary compound is eliminated, most of the potential to trigger antibiotic action has been removed. Application of the ZVI-Fenton technique to wastewater treatment could considerably lower the possibility for antibiotics to trigger the development of resistance in bacteria.
- Published
- 2020
33. Genome-centric metagenomes unveiling the hidden resistome in an anchialine cave.
- Author
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Vojvoda Zeljko T, Kajan K, Jalžić B, Hu A, Cukrov N, Marguš M, Cukrov N, Marković T, Sabatino R, Di Cesare A, and Orlić S
- Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a critical global concern, posing significant challenges to human health and medical treatments. Studying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential not only in clinical settings but also in diverse environmental contexts. However, ARGs in unique environments such as anchialine caves, which connect both fresh and marine water, remain largely unexplored despite their intriguing ecological characteristics., Results: We present the first study that comprehensively explores the occurrence and distribution of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) within an anchialine cave. Utilizing metagenomic sequencing we uncovered a wide array of ARGs with the bacitracin resistance gene, bacA and multidrug resistance genes, being the most dominant. The cave's microbial community and associated resistome were significantly influenced by the salinity gradient. The discovery of novel β-lactamase variants revealed the cave's potential as a reservoir for previously undetected resistance genes. ARGs in the cave demonstrated horizontal transfer potential via plasmids, unveiling ecological implications., Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for further exploration of the resistome in unique environments like anchialine caves. The interconnected dynamics of ARGs and MGEs within anchialine caves offer valuable insights into potential reservoirs and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in natural ecosystems. This study not only advances our fundamental understanding but also highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to address antibiotic resistance in diverse ecological settings., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Anthropogenic pollution may enhance natural transformation in water, favouring the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
- Author
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Sivalingam P, Sabatino R, Sbaffi T, Corno G, Fontaneto D, Borgomaneiro G, Rogora M, Crotti E, Mapelli F, Borin S, Pilar AL, Eckert EM, and Di Cesare A
- Subjects
- Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Lakes microbiology, Genes, Bacterial drug effects, Water Pollution, Water Microbiology, Microbiota drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Plasmids genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria classification, Wastewater microbiology
- Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are crucial in the antimicrobial resistance cycle. While intracellular DNA has been extensively studied to understand human activity's impact on antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) dissemination, extracellular DNA is frequently overlooked. This study examines the effect of anthropogenic water pollution on microbial community diversity, the resistome, and ARG dissemination. We analyzed intracellular and extracellular DNA from wastewater treatment plant effluents and lake surface water by shotgun sequencing. We also conducted experiments to evaluate anthropogenic pollution's effect on transforming extracellular DNA (using Gfp-plasmids carrying ARGs) within a natural microbial community. Chemical analysis showed treated wastewater had higher anthropogenic pollution-related parameters than lake water. The richness of microbial community, antimicrobial resistome, and high-risk ARGs was greater in treated wastewaters than in lake waters both for intracellular and extracellular DNA. Except for the high-risk ARGs, richness was significantly higher in intracellular than in extracellular DNA. Several ARGs were associated with mobile genetic elements and located on plasmids. Furthermore, Gfp-plasmid transformation within a natural microbial community was enhanced by anthropogenic pollution levels. Our findings underscore anthropogenic pollution's pivotal role in shaping microbial communities and their antimicrobial resistome. Additionally, it may facilitate ARG dissemination through extracellular DNA plasmid uptake., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Plant species influences the composition of root system microbiome and its antibiotic resistance profile in a constructed wetland receiving primary treated wastewater.
- Author
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Riva V, Vergani L, Rashed AA, El Saadi A, Sabatino R, Di Cesare A, Crotti E, Mapelli F, and Borin S
- Abstract
Introduction: Constructed wetlands (CWs) are nature-based solutions for wastewater treatment where the root system microbiome plays a key role in terms of nutrient and pollutant removal. Nonetheless, little is known on plant-microbe interactions and bacterial population selection in CWs, which are mostly characterized in terms of engineering aspects., Methods: Here, cultivation-independent and cultivation-based analyses were applied to study the bacterial communities associated to the root systems of Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis co-occurring in the same cell of a CW receiving primary treated wastewaters., Results and Discussion: Two endophytic bacteria collections ( n = 156) were established aiming to find novel strains for microbial-assisted phytodepuration, however basing on their taxonomy the possible use of these strains was limited by their low degrading potential and/or for risks related to the One-Health concept. A sharp differentiation arose between the P. australis and T. domingensis collections, mainly represented by lactic acid bacteria (98%) and Enterobacteriaceae (69%), respectively. Hence, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to disentangle the microbiome composition in the root system fractions collected at increasing distance from the root surface. Both the fraction type and the plant species were recognized as drivers of the bacterial community structure. Moreover, differential abundance analysis revealed that, in all fractions, several bacteria families were significantly and differentially enriched in P. australis or in T. domingensis . CWs have been also reported as interesting options for the removal of emerging contaminants (e.g, antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs). In this study, ARGs were mostly present in the rhizosphere of both plant species, compared to the other analyzed fractions. Notably, qPCR data showed that ARGs (i.e., erm B, bla
TEM , tet A) and intl 1 gene (integrase gene of the class 1 integrons) were significantly higher in Phragmites than Typha rhizospheres, suggesting that macrophyte species growing in CWs can display a different ability to remove ARGs from wastewater. Overall, the results suggest the importance to consider the plant-microbiome interactions, besides engineering aspects, to select the most suitable species when designing phytodepuration systems., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Riva, Vergani, Rashed, El Saadi, Sabatino, Di Cesare, Crotti, Mapelli and Borin.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Treated wastewater: A hotspot for multidrug- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Author
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Di Cesare A, Cornacchia A, Sbaffi T, Sabatino R, Corno G, Cammà C, Calistri P, and Pomilio F
- Subjects
- Waste Disposal, Fluid, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Wastewater microbiology, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Klebsiella pneumoniae genetics, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Colistin pharmacology
- Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are hotspots for the release of antimicrobial resistant pathogenic bacteria into aquatic ecosystems, significantly contributing to the cycle of antimicrobial resistance. Special attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistant ESKAPE bacteria, which have been identified as high-priority targets for control measures. Among them, Klebsiella pneumoniae is particularly noteworthy. In this study, we collected wastewater samples from the inlet, sedimentation tank, and effluent water of a wastewater treatment plant in June, July, October, and November of 2018. We detected and characterized 42 K. pneumoniae strains using whole genome sequencing (15 from the inlet, 8 from the sedimentation tank, and 19 from the effluent). Additionally, the strains were tested for their antimicrobial resistance phenotype. Using whole genome sequencing no distinct patterns were observed in terms of their genetic profiles. All strains were resistant to tetracycline, meanwhile 60%, 47%, and 37.5% of strains isolated from the inlet, sedimentation tank, and effluent, respectively, were multidrug resistant. Some of the multidrug resistant isolates were also resistant to colistin, and nearly all tested positive for the eptB and arnT genes, which are associated with polymyxin resistance. Various antimicrobial resistance genes were linked to mobile genetic elements, and they did not correlate with detected virulence groups or defense systems. Overall, our results, although not quantitative, highlight that multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae strains, including those resistant to colistin and genetically unrelated, being discharged into aquatic ecosystems from wastewater treatment plants. This suggests the necessity of monitoring aimed at genetically characterizing these pathogenic bacteria., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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37. The integration of omics and cultivation-dependent methods could effectively determine the biological risks associated with the utilization of soil conditioners in agriculture.
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Peruzzo A, Petrin S, Boscolo Anzoletti A, Mancin M, Di Cesare A, Sabatino R, Lavagnolo MC, Beggio G, Baggio G, Danesi P, Barco L, and Losasso C
- Subjects
- Soil chemistry, Composting, Metagenomics, Fertilizers, Agriculture, Soil Microbiology, Sewage microbiology, Bacteria genetics
- Abstract
In the circular economy, reusing agricultural residues, treated biowaste, and sewage sludges-commonly referred to as soil conditioners-in agriculture is essential for converting waste into valuable resources. However, these materials can also contribute to the spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in treated soils. In this study, we analyzed different soil conditioners categorized into five groups: compost from source-separated biowaste and green waste, agro-industrial digestate, digestate from anaerobic digestion of source-separated biowaste, compost from biowaste digestate, and sludges from wastewater treatment plants. Under Italian law, only the first two categories are approved for agricultural use, despite Regulation 1009/2019/EU allowing the use of digestate from anaerobic digestion of source-separated biowaste in CE-marked fertilizers. We examined the bacterial community and associated resistome of each sample using metagenomic approaches. Additionally, we detected and isolated various pathogens to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential risks associated with sludge application in agriculture. The compost samples exhibited higher bacterial diversity and a greater abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria compared to other samples, except for wastewater treatment plant sludges, which had the highest frequency of Salmonella isolation and resistome diversity. Our findings suggest integrating omics and cultivation-dependent methods to accurately assess the biological risks of using sludge in agriculture., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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38. Parity in bacterial communities and resistomes: Microplastic and natural organic particles in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
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Di Cesare A, Sathicq MB, Sbaffi T, Sabatino R, Manca D, Breider F, Coudret S, Pinnell LJ, Turner JW, and Corno G
- Subjects
- Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Microbiota drug effects, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Environmental Monitoring, Seawater microbiology, Seawater chemistry, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria drug effects, Microplastics toxicity
- Abstract
Petroleum-based microplastic particles (MPs) are carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments, influencing the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This research characterized MP and natural organic particle (NOP) bacterial communities and resistomes in the Tyrrhenian Sea, a region impacted by plastic pollution and climate change. MP and NOP bacterial communities were similar but different from the free-living planktonic communities. Likewise, MP and NOP ARG abundances were similar but different (higher) from the planktonic communities. MP and NOP metagenome-assembled genomes contained ARGs associated with mobile genetic elements and exhibited co-occurrence with metal resistance genes. Overall, these findings show that MPs and NOPs harbor potential pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, which can aid in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Further, petroleum-based MPs do not represent novel ecological niches for allochthonous bacteria; rather, they synergize with NOPs, collectively facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance in marine ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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39. Where do the antibiotic resistance genes come from? A modulated analysis of sources and loads of resistances in Lake Maggiore.
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Di Cesare A, Mammola S, Sabatino R, Fontaneto D, Eckert EM, Rogora M, Tonsi T, and Corno G
- Subjects
- Humans, Lakes, Ecosystem, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Rivers, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents analysis, Genes, Bacterial
- Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are abundant in aquatic ecosystems affected by human activities. Understanding the fate of ARGs across different ecosystems is essential because of the significant role aquatic environments play in the cycle of antibiotic resistance. We quantified selected ARGs in Lake Maggiore, its main tributaries, and the effluent of the main wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharging directly into the lake. We linked their dynamics to the different anthropogenic impacts in each tributary's watershed. The dynamics of tetA in the lake were influenced by those of the rivers and the WWTP effluent, and by the concentration of N-NH4, related to anthropogenic pollution, while sul2 abundance in the lake was not influenced by any water inflow. The dynamics of the different ARGs varied across the different rivers. Rivers with watersheds characterized by high population density, touristic activities, and secondary industries released more ARGs, while ermB correlated with higher numbers of primary industries. This study suggests a limited contribution of treated wastewater in the spread of ARGs, indicating as prevalent origin other sources of pollution, calling for a reconsideration on what are considered the major sources of ARGs into the environment., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.)
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- 2024
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40. Traditional and biodegradable plastics host distinct and potentially more hazardous microbes when compared to both natural materials and planktonic community.
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Sabatino R, Zullo R, Di Cesare A, Piscia R, Musazzi S, Corno G, Volta P, and Galafassi S
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- Humans, Plastics, Plankton, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Polypropylenes, Microplastics, Bacteria, Biodegradable Plastics
- Abstract
Microplastic particles are persistent micropollutants that provide a substrate for the growth of bacterial biofilms, posing a threat to the environment. This study explores the changes in commercially available food containers made of conventional (polypropylene PP, polyethylene terephthalate PET), innovative biodegradable (Mater-Bi) and natural (wood and cellulose) materials, when introduced in the surface waters of Lake Maggiore for 43 days. Spectral changes revealed by FT-IR spectroscopy in PET and Mater-Bi, and changes in thermal properties of all human-made material tested indicated a degradation process occurred during environmental exposure. Despite similar bacterial richness, biofilms on PET, PP, and Mater-Bi differed from natural material biofilms and the planktonic community. Human-made material communities showed a higher proportion of potential pathogens, with PET and PP also exhibiting increased abundances of antibiotic resistance genes. Overall, these findings stress the need for dedicated strategies to curb the spread of human-made polymers in freshwaters, including innovative materials that, due to their biodegradable properties, might be perceived less hazardous for the environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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41. The diversity of the antimicrobial resistome of lake Tanganyika increases with the water depth.
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Sabatino R, Sbaffi T, Corno G, Cabello-Yeves PJ, and Di Cesare A
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- Humans, Lakes, Water, Tanzania, Genes, Bacterial, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anti-Infective Agents, Microbiota
- Abstract
The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the microbiome of freshwater communities is a consequence of thousands of years of evolution but also of the pressure exerted by anthropogenic activities, with potential negative impact on environmental and human health. In this study, we investigated the distribution of ARGs in Lake Tanganyika (LT)'s water column to define the resistome of this ancient lake. Additionally, we compared the resistome of LT with that of Lake Baikal (LB), the oldest known lake with different environmental characteristics and a lower anthropogenic pollution than LT. We found that richness and abundance of several antimicrobial resistance classes were higher in the deep water layers in both lakes. LT Kigoma region, known for its higher anthropogenic pollution, showed a greater richness and number of ARG positive MAGs compared to Mahale. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the antimicrobial resistome of LT and underscore its importance as reservoir of antimicrobial resistance. In particular, the deepest water layers of LT are the main repository of diverse ARGs, mirroring what was observed in LB and in other aquatic ecosystems. These findings suggest that the deep waters might play a crucial role in the preservation of ARGs in aquatic ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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42. Bacteriophages limitedly contribute to the antimicrobial resistome of microbial communities in wastewater treatment plants.
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Sabatino R, Sbaffi T, Sivalingam P, Corno G, Fontaneto D, and Di Cesare A
- Abstract
Bacteriophages are known as players in the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) by horizontal gene transfer. In this study, we characterized the bacteriophage community and the associated ARGs to estimate the potential for phages to spread ARGs in aquatic ecosystems analyzing the intra- and extracellular DNA isolated from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by shotgun metagenomics. We compared the phage antimicrobial resistome with the bacterial resistome and investigated the effect of the final disinfection treatment on the phage community and its resistome. Phage community was mainly composed by Siphoviridae and other members of the order Caudovirales . The final disinfection only marginally affected the composition of the phage community, and it was not possible to measure its effect on the antimicrobial resistome. Indeed, only three phage metagenome-assembled genomes (pMAGs) annotated as Siphoviridae , Padoviridae , and Myoviridae were positive for putative ARGs. Among the detected ARGs, i.e., dfr B6, rpo B mutants, and EF-Tu mutants, the first one was not annotated in the bacterial MAGs. Overall, these results demonstrate that bacteriophages limitedly contribute to the whole antimicrobial resistome. However, in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the antimicrobial resistome within a microbial community, the role of bacteriophages needs to be investigated. IMPORTANCE WWTPs are considered hotspots for the spread of ARGs by horizontal gene transfer. In this study, we evaluated the phage composition and the associated antimicrobial resistome by shotgun metagenomics of samples collected before and after the final disinfection treatment. Only a few bacteriophages carried ARGs. However, since one of the detected genes was not found in the bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes, it is necessary to investigate the phage community in order to gain a comprehensive overview of the antimicrobial resistome. This investigation could help assess the potential threats to human health.
- Published
- 2023
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43. Anthropogenic pollution drives the bacterial resistome in a complex freshwater ecosystem.
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Di Cesare A, Sabatino R, Sbaffi T, Fontaneto D, Brambilla D, Beghi A, Pandolfi F, Borlandelli C, Fortino D, Biccai G, Genoni P, and Corno G
- Subjects
- Bacteria genetics, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Lakes microbiology, Rivers microbiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Ecosystem, Genes, Bacterial
- Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems in anthropogenically impacted areas are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of allochthonous origin. However, the dynamics of the different ARGs within the bacterial communities of lakes and rivers, as well as the factors that drive their selection, are not completely understood. In this study, we analysed the fate of the bacterial resistome (total content of ARGs and of metal resistance genes, MRGs) for a period of six months (summer-winter) in a continuum lake-river-lake system (Lake Varese, River Bardello, Lake Maggiore) in Northern Italy, by shotgun metagenomics. The metagenomic data were then compared with chemical, physical and microbiological data, to infer the role of anthropogenic pressure in the different sampling stations. ARGs and MRGs were more abundant and diverse in the River Bardello, characterised by the highest anthropogenic pollution. The date of sampling influenced ARGs and MRGs, with higher abundances in summer (August) than in fall or in winter, when the impact of the treated wastewater discharge in the river was limited by a higher water flow from Lake Varese. ARG and MRG abundances were significantly correlated and they co-occurred in the main network analysis modules with potential pathogenic bacteria. Different levels of anthropogenic impact selectively promoted specific ARGs while others, generally abundant in waters, were not affected by anthropogenic pressure. Reducing the level of anthropogenic pressure resulted in a rapid decrease of most ARGs. From our results, the role of anthropogenic pressure in promoting the spread of specific antibiotic resistances and of potential pathogens in aquatic ecosystem becomes clear. Finally we highlight the strict correlation between ARGs and MRGs suggesting their potential co-selection in stressed aquatic bacterial communities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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44. Extracellular DNA includes an important fraction of high-risk antibiotic resistance genes in treated wastewaters.
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Sivalingam P, Sabatino R, Sbaffi T, Fontaneto D, Corno G, and Di Cesare A
- Subjects
- Humans, Genes, Bacterial, DNA, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Wastewater, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are among the main hotspots for the release of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment. ARGs in treated wastewater can be found in the intracellular DNA (iDNA) and in the extracellular DNA (eDNA). In this study, we investigated the fate and the distribution (either in eDNA or in iDNA) of ARGs in the treated wastewaters pre and post-disinfection by shotgun metagenomics. The richness of the intracellular resistome was found to be higher than the extracellular one. However, the latter included different high risk ARGs. About 11% of the recovered metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) from the extracted DNA was positive for at least one ARG and, among them, several were positive for more ARGs. The high-risk ARG bacA was the most frequently detected gene among the MAGs. The disinfection demonstrated to be an important driver of the composition of the antibiotic resistomes. Our results demonstrated that eDNA represents an important fraction of the overall ARGs, including a number of high-risk ARGs, which reach the environment with treated wastewater effluents. The studied disinfections only marginally affect the whole antibiotic resistome but cause important shifts from intracellular to extracellular DNA, potentially threating human health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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45. Analytical performance evaluation of Lumipulse® SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay in 392 asymptomatic patients.
- Author
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Petruzziello A, Sabatino R, Catapane LA, De Falco C, Petti A, Tripaldelli E, Loquercio G, Annecchiarico A, Salzillo A, Caradonna E, and Maggi P
- Subjects
- Humans, Immunologic Tests, Emergency Service, Hospital, ROC Curve, Sensitivity and Specificity, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is one of the current public health care challenges. The main strategy adopted to prevent the spread of infection is the rapid identification of COVID-19-positive subjects. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of Lumipulse® antigen immunoassay with the real-time RT-PCR, the gold standard for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in a strictly selected asymptomatic population., Materials and Methods: A total of 392 consecutive oro-nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with no symptoms related to COVID-19 at the Emergency Department of AORN Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy to evaluate the analytical performance of Lumipulse® SARS-CoV-2 antigen compared to qualitative real-time RT-PCR in asymptomatic patients., Results: Lumipulse® SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay shows an overall agreement rate of 97% with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 98%, with a PPV and NPV of 97%. The sensitivity varies according to the cycle threshold (C
t )-value reaching 100% and 86% with 15 < Ct < 25 and Ct ≥ 25, respectively. The ROC analysis yielded an AUC value of 0.98, suggesting that the antigen test may accurately detect SARS-CoV-2., Conclusion: Our data showed that Lumipulse® SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay might be an efficient tool in the identification and limitation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in large asymptomatic populations., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2023
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46. Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the urban water cycle.
- Author
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Bonetta S, Di Cesare A, Pignata C, Sabatino R, Macrì M, Corno G, Panizzolo M, Bonetta S, and Carraro E
- Subjects
- Humans, Wastewater, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Genes, Bacterial, Bacteria genetics, Ecosystem, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists analysis, Water Cycle, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents analysis, Drinking Water analysis, Water Purification
- Abstract
This study investigates the antibiotic resistance fate in the urban water cycle, evaluating the dynamics of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in three different full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) located in the same geographical area (North-West of Italy). ARB (tetracycline-, ampicillin-, and sulfonamide-resistant bacteria) were quantified by plate counting and the abundances of selected ARGs (i.e., tetA, bla
TEM , and sulII) and intI1 gene were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Higher concentrations of ARB and ARGs were observed in the WWTPs with respect to the DWTPs identifying the WWTP as hotspot for the spread of antibiotic resistances. Although a significant reduction of ARB and ARGs was observed in WWTPs and DWTPs after the treatment, none of the detected ARB or ARGs was completely removed in drinking water. The stability of the antibiotic-resistant rates between inlet and outlet associated with the reduction of relative ARG abundances underlined that both the treatments (WWTs and DWTs) did not apply any selective pressure. The overall results highlighted the importance to investigate the antibiotic resistance dynamics in aquatic ecosystems involved in urban water cycle integrating the information obtained by culture-dependent method with the culture-independent one and the need to monitor the presence of ARB and ARGs mainly in drinking water that represents a potential route of transmission to human., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
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47. Co-treatment of landfill leachate with urban wastewater by chemical, physical and biological processes: Fenton oxidation preserves autochthonous bacterial community in the activated sludge process.
- Author
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De Carluccio M, Sabatino R, Eckert EM, Di Cesare A, Corno G, and Rizzo L
- Subjects
- Sewage, Hydrogen Peroxide chemistry, Iron chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Acclimatization, Bacteria genetics, Wastewater, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
The impact of Fenton oxidation (FO) and Air stripping (AS) pre-treatments on the bacterial community of a biological activated sludge (B-AS) process for the co-treatment of mature landfill leachate (MLL) and urban wastewater (UWW) was assessed. In this work high-throughput sequencing was used to identify changes in the composition of the bacterial communities when exposed to different landfill leachate's pre-treatments. The combination of FO and AS to increase biodegradability (BOD
5 /COD) and reduce ammonia concentration (NH3 ) respectively, allowed to successfully operate the B-AS and effectively treat MLL. In particular, BOD5 /COD resulted to be the key factor for bacterial community shifting. The microbiological community of the B-AS, mainly composed by the phylum Bacteroidota (Saprospiraceae, PHOS-HE51, Chitinophagaceae) after FO pre-treatment, shifted to Pseudomonadota (Caulobacteraceae and Hyphomicrobiaceae) when FO was not used. At the same time a drastic reduction in BOD5 removal was observed (90%-58%). On the other hand, high NH3 concentration affected the abundance of the family Saprospiraceae, known to play a key role in the degradation of complex organic compounds in B-AS. The results obtained suggest that a suitable combination of pre-treatments can reduce the negative effect of MLL on the B-AS process, reducing the pressure on autochthonous bacteria and therefore the acclimatization time of the biological process., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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48. Class 1 integron and related antimicrobial resistance gene dynamics along a complex freshwater system affected by different anthropogenic pressures.
- Author
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Corno G, Ghaly T, Sabatino R, Eckert EM, Galafassi S, Gillings MR, and Di Cesare A
- Subjects
- Humans, Anthropogenic Effects, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Genes, Bacterial, Lakes, Integrons genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
The risk for human health posed by polluted aquatic environments, and especially those carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of clinical interest, is still debated. This is because of our limited knowledge of the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in the environment, the selection mechanisms underlying the spread of ARGs, and the ecological factors potentially favoring their return to humans. The Class 1 integron is one of the most effective platforms for the dissemination of ARGs. In this study we investigated a freshwater system consisting of a lake-river-lake continuum, determining the abundance of class 1 integrons and their associated ARGs by a modulated metagenomic approach. Bacterial abundance and community composition were used to identify the potential carriers of class 1 integrons and their associated ARGs over a period of six months. Class 1 integrons and their ARG cargoes were significantly more abundant in riverine sampling sites receiving treated wastewater. Further, class 1 integrons carried ARGs ranked at the highest risk for human health (e.g., catB genes), in particular, genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides. Genera of potential pathogens, such as Pseudomonas and Escherichia-Shigella, were correlated with class 1 integrons. The lake-river-lake system demonstrated a clear relationship between the integrase gene of class 1 integrons (intI1) and anthropogenic impact, but also a strong environmental filtering that favored the elimination of intI1 once the human derived stressors were reduced. Overall, the results of this study underline the role class 1 integrons as proxy of anthropogenic pollution and suggest this genetic platform as an important driver of aminoglycoside resistance genes, including high risk ARGs, of potential concern for human health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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49. Class 1 integron and Enterococcus spp. abundances in swine farms from the " Suckling piglets" to the "Fatteners" production category.
- Author
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Di Cesare A, Frangipani E, Citterio B, Sabatino R, Corno G, Fontaneto D, Mangiaterra G, Bencardino D, Zoppi S, Di Blasio A, Desiato R, Ru G, and Marchis D
- Subjects
- Humans, Swine, Animals, Integrons genetics, Farms, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Feces microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests veterinary, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Enterococcus, Enterococcus faecium
- Abstract
Swine farms are considered a hotspot of antimicrobial resistance and may contribute to the spread of antibiotic-resistant and/or pathogenic bacteria into the environment as well as to farm workers. In this study, swine fecal samples have been collected over the primary production, selecting three categories, i.e., "Suckling piglets", "Weaning pigs" and "Fatteners", in six intensive swine farms, for two years. Feces were analysed for the detection and abundance of class 1 integrons (used as proxy of antibiotic resistance and of anthropogenic pollution), and of enterococci [fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and potentially pathogenic for humans] by quantitative Real Time PCR. Furthermore, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were isolated, analysed for the presence of the intI1 gene by Real Time PCR and genetically typed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Both enterococci and class 1 integrons were significantly more abundant in the Suckling piglets (p = 0.0316 and 0.0242, respectively). About 8% of the isolated enterococci were positive for the intI1 gene by Real Time PCR. E. faecalis and E. faecium were found genetically heterogeneous and no specific pattern could be identified as the driver for their presence along the pig primary production. These findings suggest that the "Suckling piglets" category of production represents the key point where to mitigate the risk of transmission of enterococci and class 1 integrons with associated antibiotic resistance genes to humans and spread into the environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Antibiotic resistance genes correlate with metal resistances and accumulate in the deep water layers of the Black Sea.
- Author
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Sabatino R, Cabello-Yeves PJ, Eckert EM, Corno G, Callieri C, Brambilla D, Dzhembekova N, Moncheva S, and Di Cesare A
- Subjects
- Black Sea, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Integrases genetics, Metagenomics methods, Metals, Water, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Genes, Bacterial
- Abstract
Seas and oceans are a global reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Only a few studies investigated the dynamics of ARGs along the water column of the Black Sea, a unique environment, with a peculiar geology, biology and history of anthropogenic pollution. In this study, we analyzed metagenomic data from two sampling campaigns (2013 and 2019) collected across three different sites in the Western Black Sea at depths ranging from 5 to 2000 m. The data were processed to annotate ARGs, metal resistance genes (MRGs) and integron integrase genes. The ARG abundance was significantly higher in the deep water layers and depth was the main driver of beta-diversity both for ARGs and MRGs. Moreover, ARG and MRG abundances strongly correlated (r = 0.95). The integron integrase gene abundances and composition were not influenced by the water depth and did not correlate with ARGs. The analysis of the obtained MAGs showed that some of them harbored intI gene together with several ARGs and MRGs, suggesting the presence of multidrug resistant bacteria and that MRGs and integrons could be involved in the selection of ARGs. These results demonstrate that the Black Sea is not only an important reservoir of ARGs, but also that they accumulate in the deep water layers where co-selection with MRGs could be assumed as a relevant mechanism of their persistence., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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