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Background: The impact of thyroid hormones on the human brain and behavior is well-established, with documented correlations between thyroid dysfunction and psychiatric disturbances. Non-thyroidal illness, often termed euthyroid sick syndrome, is characterized by altered thyroid function parameters in response to systemic or acute psychiatric illness. Limited data exist on thyroid dysfunction rates in major psychiatric disorders in the Indian population. Objective: This study aimed to assess thyroid dysfunction prevalence in depressive disorders among psychiatric outpatients, examining the correlation between endocrinopathy and depression. Methodology:A prospective study was conducted at SLN Medical College and Hospital in 2019-2020. Patients were diagnosed using ICD-10 criteria, and thyroid function tests were performed using the Chemiluminescence method. Samples were collected from newly diagnosed, non-medicated patients over 18 years, excluding those with pre-existing thyroid disorders or medications affecting thyroid function. Results: Out of 138 patients, 37.7% with depression exhibited abnormal thyroid function tests. Hypothyroidism was observed in 30.8%, hyperthyroidism in 15.2%, and nonspecific alterations in 53.9% of cases. Abnormalities were more common in females (43.8%) than males (32.3%). Elevated serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels were significantly associated with depressive patients. Discussion: The study revealed a higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in depressive disorders than reported in previous studies. Abnormalities were more prevalent in females, aligning with the higher prevalence of mood disorders in women. Non-specific alterations in iodothyronine concentrations were often associated with euthyroid sick syndrome in patients with depression. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the association between thyroid dysfunction and depressive disorders, showcasing the complexity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system's role in mood regulation. Routine thyroid screening is recommended in psychiatric evaluations, considering the potential manifestation of psychiatric disturbances in thyroid disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rising incidence of stroke in young individuals has garnered attention, yet data disparities persist. This study aims to investigate stroke cases among young individuals in the Koraput district of Odisha, considering the unique ethnic composition of the region. Methodology: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted at SLN Medical College and Hospital, spanning February 2019 to February 2020. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients aged 15-45 years meeting the WHO stroke definition. Demographic, clinical, and diagnostic data were collected, including neuroimaging and comprehensive risk factor assessments. Results: Of 370 stroke cases, 32.4% were young individuals (n=120), with a mean onset age of 33 years and a male preponderance (1.5:1). Cerebral infarction was predominant (50.8%), primarily atherosclerotic (52.4%). Alcohol abuse (68.8%) and smoking (44.3%) were significant risk factors. Intracerebral hemorrhage constituted 41.6%, predominantly affecting the basal ganglia (71.4%), with alcohol abuse as a major risk factor. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral venous thrombosis occurred in 4.2% and 3.1%, respectively, with distinct gender patterns and risk factors. Discussion: The study aligns with global trends, emphasizing the prevalence of ischemic strokes, particularly atherosclerotic, among young individuals. Traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, were associated with ischemic strokes, while alcohol consumption emerged as a significant modifiable risk factor. Hemorrhagic strokes exhibited a higher proportion among the young, with alcohol and hypertension synergy as significant risk contributors. Conclusion: Stroke in young individuals necessitates tailored investigative approaches, considering the diversity in etiology and risk factors. Beyond traditional risks, the study underscores the importance of addressing modifiable factors, especially alcohol consumption. Comprehensive population-based studies are essential to understand stroke patterns in diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acne vulgaris, a prevalent skin condition, significantly impacts the quality of life, especially during adolescence. This study aimed to investigate the clinical profile of acne vulgaris, including its prevalence, severity, scarring, relationship with androgenicity, seasonal variation, and association with smoking in a South Indian population. Methodology: The study, conducted from July 2019 to May 2020, included 300 acne vulgaris patients attending the dermatology outpatient department. Patient demographics, lesion characteristics, and associated factors were assessed. Acne vulgaris severity was graded, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 15 software. Results: The study revealed a prevalence of 1.068% among new dermatology patients. Male predominance (57%) and an increased likelihood of severe acne in patients aged 20 years or older were noted. Closed comedones were the most common lesion type, and postacne scarring was observed in 39.4% of patients. No significant correlation was found between acne severity and markers of androgenicity. Seborrheic dermatitis was the most common comorbidity, and seasonal variation was observed in 25.8% of patients. Discussion: The study's findings align with global acne epidemiology, with unique insights into the South Indian population. Notably, post-acne scarring incidence was relatively high, suggesting population-specific characteristics. The study provides valuable data on lesion types, severity distribution, and associated factors, contributing to the understanding of acne vulgaris in this region. Conclusion: This hospital-based study contributes to the limited literature on acne vulgaris in South India, emphasizing the need for larger, population-based studies. Understanding regional variations in acne presentation and associated factors is crucial for tailored management strategies. Further research should explore hormonal abnormalities in female patients exhibiting androgenic markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anemia, characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, results in insufficient tissue oxygenation. Nutritional anemia, a prevalent issue in countries like India, particularly affects adolescents and women of reproductive age. Adolescence, crucial for adult development, imposes heightened nutritional demands. Iron deficiency, a common cause of anemia in young females, is associated with compromised leucocyte bactericidal activity. This study explores the impact of anemia on leucocyte and platelet counts. Methodology: The study involved 40 females (18-24 years) with Hb>12gm% in the control group and anemic females (Hb<6gm%) from SLN Hospital. Informed consent was obtained, and subjects were selected based on history and examination. Hemoglobin, leucocyte count, differential count, platelet count, and the L ratio were measured using an electronic cell counter. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics and SPSS, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: In anaemic females, the mean hemoglobin was 5.81±1.71, significantly lower than the control group (13.61±1.09). Total leucocyte count was higher in anaemia, with a significant rise in neutrophils and a decrease in monocytes and eosinophils. Platelet count significantly decreased, and the N/L ratio was higher in anaemia (p<0.01). Discussion: Nutritional anemia remains prevalent, impacting physical and mental well-being, especially in children and reproductive-age women. Iron's role in blood cell maturation is vital, and its deficiency compromises immune cell activity. The study aligns with prior research on increased neutrophils in anemia. Lower oxidative stress prolongs neutrophil lifespan, compensating for reduced phagocytic activity. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is associated with reversible arachidonic acid-induced platelet dysfunction, emphasizing the importance of iron replenishment. The study concludes that anemia induces hypoxia, contributing to inflammation, ischemic damage, increased myocardial workload, thrombocytopenia, altered leucocyte counts, and an elevated N/L ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dengue, a vector-borne viral disease, poses a significant public health challenge, especially in South Odisha. This cross-sectional study, conducted at SLN Medical College Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, focuses on evaluating liver function tests in 100 Dengue patients. Acknowledging the importance of hepatic involvement in Dengue, the research aims to provide valuable insights into the manifestations of the disease, potentially enhancing diagnostic and management strategies in the region. Methodology: Employing a systematic approach, this cross-sectional study enrolled 100 Dengue patients at SLN Medical College Hospital, Koraput, Odisha. Standardized liver function tests, including serum bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase, were conducted. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, offering a comprehensive overview of hepatic parameters in Dengue patients within this tertiary care setting. Results: Among the Dengue patients, 40% exhibited less than a 2-fold increase in AST levels, 28% showed a 2-10-fold rise, and 10% demonstrated more than a 10-fold increase. Overall, 22% maintained normal SGOT values, with 78% displaying elevated levels. Regarding SGPT, 20% had normal values, 35% presented with less than a 2-fold increase, 25% displayed a 2-10-fold rise, and 20% had more than a 10-fold increase from normal levels. Early-stage symptoms like vomiting and abdominal pain correlated with hepatic involvement, with statistically higher AST and ALT levels in patients developing complications such as DHF, DSS, hepatic failure, ARDS, AKI, and encephalopathy. Conclusion: This study highlights a notable prevalence of hepatic involvement in Dengue patients, underscoring the significance of vigilant monitoring, especially in cases with early symptoms and those at risk of complications. These findings offer crucial insights for tailored interventions and enhanced patient care within the tertiary care context of South Odisha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes, once perceived as a singular ailment, is now acknowledged as a diverse spectrum of diseases marked by persistent hyperglycemia. Rooted in the impaired production or function of insulin, it poses complications spanning cardiovascular, renal, neurological, ocular, and infectious conditions. Quality of life (QOL) is pivotal, reflecting healthcare objectives, with diabetes impacting QOL through various demographic and psychosocial factors. This study explores the diabetes profile and QOL in urban elderly, addressing the observed noncommunicable disease risk factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study in Koraput from March 2022 to January 2023 included 220 individuals aged 60 and above. Prevalence estimates were based on reported data, and a multistage random sampling technique was used. Questionnaires covered biosocial characteristics, family history, diabetes symptoms, investigations, and WHO-QOL BREF scale. Statistical tools analyzed data and drew conclusions through comparative analysis. Results: Participants (mean age 64.57 ± 4.42 years) showed 20.45% diabetes prevalence. QOL scores varied across domains, with Psychological (43.45 ± 7.52) highest and Physical (39.56 ± 8.29) lowest. Significant differences occurred in overall, physical, and environmental domains. Relationships between diabetes and sociodemographic variables, family history, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, and family history of diabetes were significant. Discussion: Urban diabetes prevalence aligns with comparable studies, emphasizing the evolving understanding of diabetes complexity. QOL dynamics revealed diverse perspectives, notably in the Environmental domain (45.34) and Physical domain (38.10), contrasting with previous studies. These variations underscore the influence of population and setting on QOL domains. Conclusion: This study illuminates diabetes complexity and its impact on QOL in the urban elderly. Findings emphasize the need for personalized interventions to address unique challenges. Insights contribute to targeted healthcare strategies for specific subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Eclampsia, characterized by generalized convulsions associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy, labor, or within 7 days post-delivery, remains a significant challenge in maternal healthcare. This study explores the incidence, management, and maternal characteristics of eclampsia, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention. Materials and Methods: A two-year prospective study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, recruiting 821 pregnant mothers with eclampsia. Patients with other causes of pregnancy-related convulsions were excluded. Data on convulsion episodes, treatment modalities, and hypertension control were analyzed. Results: The majority (66%) experienced 2 to 5 convulsion episodes, with a range from 1 to 40. Patients with more than 10 convulsions showed improved outcomes after the Loading Dose of MgSO4. Hypertension control solely through delivery was observed in 29% of cases, with additional administration of Calcigard in some instances. Conclusion: Eclampsia, more prevalent in young primigravida patients, underscores the need for enhanced antenatal care surveillance. Early detection of pre-eclampsia through regular blood pressure monitoring and urine protein screening is crucial. Sensitization of healthcare providers at grassroots levels is imperative for ensuring timely diagnosis and effective management, thus positively impacting maternal and child care outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rhinoplasty presents a unique challenge to facial cosmetic surgeons due to the intricate nasal anatomy, lack of standardization in surgical approaches, and the diverse expectations of patients. This study aims to address the growing trend of rhinoplasty among young individuals, focusing on the need for comprehensive data collection and outcome analysis. Patient-reported outcomes, particularly quality of life (QOL) assessments, are gaining significance in evaluating the success of facial cosmetic procedures. Methodology: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 30 patients with various forms of nasal deformities at SLN Medical College and Hospital, Koraput, Odisha. Surgeries were performed by senior consultants, and the outcomes were analyzed using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI). Patients were assessed using GBI questionnaires in English and Hindi at 3 and 6 months postsurgery. Inclusion criteria involved patients aged 18 to 60 with parental support and consent for rhinoplasty, while exclusion criteria included psychologically unstable patients and those medically unfit. Detailed preoperative evaluations, standardized surgeries, and postoperative assessments were conducted. Results: Among 31 patients undergoing rhinoplasty, the most common deformity was a crooked nose (38.7%). The mean total GBI score was 63.21, with significant differences observed in total scores, general benefit, and social support scores over 3 and 6 months. Descriptive analysis revealed no significant differences between male and female patients or among different forms of nasal deformities. The study indicated an overall improvement in health status, with a notable impact on general benefit and social support. Discussion: Surgeons undertaking rhinoplasty must navigate the complex interplay of nasal anatomy and psychosocial expectations. Patient satisfaction, a key metric, necessitates scrutiny of surgical outcomes. This study employs GBI, a validated post-intervention questionnaire, to comprehensively assess clinical, QOL, and psychological improvements. The positive results underscore the significance of aesthetic and functional rhinoplasty in enhancing the QOL of the study population. Conclusion: This study concludes that rhinoplasty positively impacts patients' psyches by improving their selfperception and overall well-being. Through meticulous preoperative assessment, proper patient selection, and standardized surgical procedures, rhinoplasty can achieve excellent clinical and psychological outcomes. The Glasgow Benefit Inventory emerges as a vital tool for postintervention assessment in rhinoplasty studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic hypertension, a major global health concern, contributes significantly to cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. In India, it stands as the seventh leading cause of death. Understanding the dynamics of blood pressure (BP) is crucial for effective management, especially in resource-constrained settings. This study explores the interplay between systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in hypertensive patients, investigating the variables influencing their longitudinal variations. Methods: A prospective follow-up research was conducted at the hypertension clinic in SLN Medical College and Hospital, Odisha. Structured questionnaires captured socio-demographic and clinical variables from 1100 hypertensive patients aged 18 or older, resulting in 4400 observations. Bivariate longitudinal mixed effect models were employed for joint analysis of SBP and DBP evolution over time. Results: The mean SBP and DBP decreased over the 6-month follow-up period. Significant factors influencing SBP and DBP included sex, age, diabetes, coffee consumption, alcohol use, khat chewing, and physical exercise. A joint model indicated a positive correlation between SBP and DBP developments. Discussion: The study revealed a declining trend in both SBP and DBP over time, emphasizing the impact of modifiable risk factors. Sex, age, lifestyle choices, and medical history played significant roles in influencing blood pressure parameters. Regular exercise emerged as a protective factor. Conclusion: The joint mixed effect model provided valuable insights into the correlated dynamics of SBP and DBP. Targeted prevention and management strategies should focus on modifiable risk factors identified in the study. Healthcare professionals can use these findings to tailor interventions for hypertensive patients and impede the progression of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver cirrhosis, ranked as the 13th leading cause of mortality globally, poses a significant threat with a rising mortality rate. Portal hypertension is a common consequence of liver cirrhosis, leading to various complications, with the development of esophageal varices (EV) being the most serious. EV is attributed to increased hepatic vascular resistance associated with hepatic fibrosis and regenerative nodules. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted at SLN Medical College & Hospital, a tertiary care facility, from October 2020 to December 2022. The study included patients with cirrhosis of the liver, regardless of etiology, who were admitted without a history of gastrointestinal bleeding. Results: The study population predominantly comprised males (86%), with females accounting for only 14%. Abdominal distension was the major presenting symptom (86%), followed by pedal edema (70%). Among the 50 patients studied, alcoholism was the leading cause of cirrhosis in 78%, while non-alcoholic factors contributed to 22%. Conclusion: Platelet count and spleen size exhibited variations among patients with small and large varices. Thrombocytopenia and a lower platelet count/spleen diameter (PC/SD) ratio were indicative of higher grades of varices. Identifying these non-endoscopic predictors can assist in prioritizing patients for prophylactic endoscopy, facilitating better management of esophageal varices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cryptococcus neoformans is a leading cause of adult fungal meningitis and mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. The onset of fungal meningitis typically precedes the detection of serum/plasma cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) by several weeks. Screening for Cryptococcal Antigen (CrAg) and early treatment can significantly prevent the development of fungal meningitis in HIV/AIDS patients. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 100 antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive patients, comprising 65 males and 35 females, from both ART clinics and Medicine Indoor facilities. Serum/CSF cryptococcal positivity was determined using the Latex agglutination test (Pastorex TM Cryptoplus, BIO-RAD, France) and the Lateral flow assay by IMMY Kit (US FDA approved). CD4 counts were measured using a flow cytometer (Becton- Dickinson FACS count flow cytometer). Results: The prevalence of CrAg positivity in the study was 7% (7/100), with 4% (4/100) exhibiting features of meningitis. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association of antigenemia with demographic features such as age, inpatient status, and symptomatic groups (p-value ≤ 0.05). A low CD4 count (<50) was correlated with a higher seropositivity rate of 33.3% (5/100). Clinical symptoms like headache, vomiting, and fever showed a statistically significant association with cryptococcal antigenemia. Conclusion: The study concludes that cryptococcal antigenemia is more prevalent in ART-naive HIV patients with lower CD4 counts, emphasizing the need for urgent screening and the substitution of antifungal treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with cryptococcal meningitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hansen's disease, caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae, is a chronic illness that poses various challenges to affected individuals. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and types of psychiatric illnesses among leprosy patients receiving care at a tertiary health care facility in Odisha, while also examining the association between these conditions and sociodemographic and clinical factors. Methodology: A cohort of 100 leprosy patients aged 18 to 60, diagnosed and seeking treatment at the Fakhir Mohan Medical College and Hospital, Balasore, was enrolled in the study. Mental health evaluations were conducted using a specifically designed pro-forma based on the ICD-10 Mental Illness Checklist. Result: Our findings revealed that 34% of leprosy patients exhibited co-existing mental disorders. Depression emerged as the most prevalent mental illness, closely followed by anxiety. Notably, urban residents exhibited a lower prevalence of mental illness compared to their semiurban and rural counterparts. Among leprosy patients, psychiatric issues were more common in the older adult group (51–60 years), with women being more susceptible to mental health challenges than men. Additionally, patients with the lepromatous stage of leprosy demonstrated a higher likelihood of experiencing mental disorders. Conclusion: In our study underscores the significant occurrence of serious mental co-morbidities, particularly depression and anxiety, among leprosy patients. Beyond impacting patient well-being, psychiatric comorbidities also exert a detrimental influence on prognosis and overall morbidity. Timely diagnosis and intervention for these mental health conditions can play a crucial role in improving patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Solar radiation constitutes the primary source of light globally, encompassing a broad spectrum. However, only a small percentage, approximately 2–3% of ultraviolet light (UV), around 32% of visible light, and slightly less than 66% of infrared light, reaches the Earth's surface. Photodermatoses comprise a diverse group of skin disorders either caused or exacerbated by UV radiation and/or visible light. These distinct photosensitive cutaneous conditions can be categorized into four primary groups. Idiopathic photodermatoses refer to photosensitive disorders likely mediated by autoimmunity and include polymorphous light eruption (PMLE), chronic actinic dermatitis, solar urticaria, actinic prurigo (AP), and hydroa vacciniforme (HV). Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases at SLN Medical College & Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, over a one-year period from September 2017 to August 2018. The participants comprised patients attending the Skin & Venereal Diseases Outpatient Department (OPD), those referred from other departments, and cases admitted to the wards of the Skin & Venereal Diseases department, all diagnosed with a specific idiopathic photodermatosis. The study included individuals of all age groups and both sexes, excluding those taking systemic steroids or any photosensitizing drugs. Diagnoses were primarily based on history and clinical assessments, with additional investigations (histology, blood & urine examination) in selected cases to rule out other diseases (such as lupus erythematosus and porphyrias). Results: The incidence of individual photodermatoses per 100 patients varied from 0.54 for the most common disorder (PMLE) to 0.0% for the rarest disorder (HV). The study recorded a total of 170 cases of idiopathic photodermatoses over one year, constituting a frequency of 0.61% (170 out of 28,066 cases in all skin OPD cases). The majority of PMLE cases (33.3%) were observed in the 21-30 age group. Females outnumbered males in all age groups except for the 41-50 years and >60 years categories, where sex incidence was equal. In chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD), the most commonly affected age group was 51-60 years (66.7%), with males outnumbering females in all age groups. Conclusion: Since this study was hospital-based, its results may not fully represent the disease's status in the broader community. Furthermore, being a tertiary care center, most cases originated from areas geographically distant from the local population. Consequently, the study's findings may not reflect the general population but provide an overview of the disease's general trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Men, especially as they age, are more prone to specific genitourinary conditions compared to women. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of chronic renal failure, incontinence, and kidney stones among men aged ≥45 years in India. Methods: Data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave-1, 2017-2018, were utilized. The sample included 33,097 men aged ≥45 years. Descriptive statistics reported prevalence with a 95% confidence interval. Multivariable regression analysis assessed associations between socio-demographic and behavioral factors with chronic renal failure, incontinence, and kidney stones. Results: The overall prevalence was 0.82% (95% CI: 0.71-0.93) for chronic renal failure, 3.02% (95% CI: 2.82-3.23) for incontinence, and 3.0% (95% CI: 2.79-3.20) for kidney stones. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that participants aged ≥75 years had higher odds [AOR: 1.91 (95% CI: 1.34-2.44)] of experiencing incontinence. Kidney stones were significantly associated [AOR: 1.88 (95% CI: 1.53-2.55)] with obesity. Conclusion: A noteworthy prevalence of chronic genitourinary conditions among aging men was observed, emphasizing the need for attention. The recently established Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) offer a potential avenue for timely care, warranting further strengthening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to inadequate illness control, medication nonadherence significantly increases the cost of healthcare[1]. However, there is a severe lack of formal adherence counseling as a focus of care. For patients with HIV and AIDS, we have employed a modified adherence measure that takes into account social background, treatment preparation, adherence behaviors, declaration of illness, usage of treatment partners, and assessment of potential adherence hurdles. Ninety-five (52.5%) of the one hundred and eighty-one were female, while 86 (47.5%) were men. Age was 50.83 years on average (SD: 12.54). Most of the patients (81.8%) were married and had completed at least their first year of school. 65% of the patients we spoke with had high blood pressure. One hundred and twelve (61.88%) people took drugs while going about their normal lives, such eating. The majority of the patients, 116(64.10%), were aware of their disease and the names of the medications they were taking. The majority of patients (72.4%) have told their spouses about their disease. Many patients claim that they stick to their regimen well. 72.4 percent of people had told their spouses about their sickness. Many patients say they adhere to their regimen well on their own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All sorts of health sectors, including blood banking, have been adversely affected by the current coronavirus pandemic crisis, particularly in the collection of blood units for patients for a variety of reasons. In this blog, we attempted to share our experience, approach, and efforts done during this era to face and overcome these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disorder that causes decreased bone strength and is the leading cause of bone fracture, particularly in the elderly. There is no synthesis of evidence to inform policy regarding its prevalence and distribution in India. As a result, the goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate and summarise the prevalence of osteoporosis among Indian adults. The PRISMA criteria were used to conduct the systematic review and metaanalysis. A thorough systematic search was conducted in the following electronic databases until May 23, 2022: Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and ProQuest. Following screening, twelve eligible studies were included in the study, which reported the prevalence of osteoporosis among adults aged 18 years, as well as for subsequent methodological quality assessment and data extraction using predefined standardised tools. To generate summary estimates for prevalence with 95 percent confidence intervals, random and fixed effects meta-analysis models were used. Data from 5261 study participants were used in the included studies. In India, the prevalence of osteoporosis is 22.9 percent (95 percent CI: 14.9-32.0 percent), and that of osteopenia is 44.8 percent (95 percent CI: 38.9-50.7 percent). Females had a significantly higher prevalence of osteoporosis (26.3 percent (95 percent CI: 16.9-37.0 percent) than males (10.9 percent) (95 percent CI: 4.5-19.7). A robust and comprehensive prevalence estimate will aid in health policy decision-making and will aid in the planning and provision of necessary facilities for people suffering from osteoporosis. This is the first study to compile data on the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in India. Improved access to health services, other health systems, and policy research are required to initiate and increase the uptake of osteoporosis screening and treatment in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we wanted to evaluate the results of unstable inter-trochanteric fractures treated with primary hemi-replacement arthroplasty in elderly with regard to function restored, morbidity, associated complications, pain score in post-operative period and mortality. Materials and methods: This was a hospital based longitudinal interventional study conducted among 35 patients who presented with peri-trochanteric fractures to the Department of Orthopaedics in M.K.C.G. Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Gangnam, Odisha, over a period of one year after obtaining clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent from the study participants. Results: Most of the patients were reported with satisfactory outcome at the end of the study. Younger age group patients, male patients had better outcome. Patients with Evans type II fracture type had better outcome than the type III variety. Female patients specially having some form of co-morbidity had less favourable outcome. A significant relationship between early post-operative weight bearing and good functional outcome with fewer incidences of complications was noted. Better fracture stability led to better outcome. Our study was limited in aspects like small sample size, short duration of follow-up with variable patient characteristics. Conclusion: Primary hemi replacement arthroplasty is a good treatment option in treating unstable trochanteric fracture in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we wanted to compare clinical and functional outcomes of Rockwood's type III, IV, V, VI AC joint dislocation treated with open reduction and internal fixation via modified Weaver- Dunn procedure and autogenous tendon graft reconstruction approach. Materials and methods: This was a hospital based prospective comparative study conducted among 30 patients who presented with painful, chronic complete AC joint dislocation, aged between 18 and 60 years irrespective of sex in the Department of Orthopaedics, M.K.C.G. Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, over a period of 24 months from November 2019 to November 2021 after obtaining clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent from the study participants. Results: The difference between semitendinosus graft procedure and modified Weaver-Dunn procedure was statistically significant with regard to the mean operative time of surgery, the mean pre-operative range of abduction, post-operative range of abduction, the mean pre- operative range of flexion, post-operative range of flexion, the mean pre-operative range of external rotation and post-operative range of external rotation, and the mean CC distance. Conclusion: MWD is one of the most popular methods but anatomic reconstruction of CC ligament with autogenous STT graft is increasingly getting popular as it provides better stability, diminishes pain and better function as well as better strength is achieved with STT graft technique procedure. Statistically significant difference between the two groups was found in relation to operative time. The average operating time was more in STT group due to graft harvesting from the patient and strength of this graft obviates the need for augmentation with other non-biological devices. In the study we have seen that there is a statistically significant difference between the MWD and STT group in terms of final outcome as STT graft has better OSS, NCS and UCLA score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Orthopedic disorders are surgical cases that involve hundreds of millions of people globally that are often related to dislocations, fracture. In orthopedic patients, prevention and correction of malnutrition has major impact in preventing operative and post-op complications, particularly in the geriatric age group. Objectives 1. To study the effect of major elective orthopaedic surgery on the nutritional status of patients. 2. To analyse how the nutritional markers behave pre op, post op and at 3 months follow up in patients undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery. MATERIAL &METHODS Study Design: Hospital based prospective descriptional study. Study Area: The study was done at department of Orthopaedics, in a tertiary care hospital. Study Period: 1 year. Study Population: Patients undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery. Major orthopaedic surgery includes hip and knee joint replacement surgeries. Sample Size: 199 cases were included in our study. Ethical Consideration: Institutional Ethical committee permission was taken prior to the commencement of the study. Study tools and Data collection procedure: The nutritional assessment was done by both anthropometry (BMI) and biochemical markers (Prealbumin and Transferrin). Since MUAC and TSF were found to be highly observer dependent and inaccurate, they were not used for analysis. Similarly since prealbumin and transferrin were better predictors of the nutritional status, other biochemical markers (albumin and total lymphocyte count) were not analyzed. RESULTS The pre albumin values at pre op, post op and follow up of the Osteosynthesis patients shows a significant difference between all three values (p value 0.000). There was significant difference in the pattern of values in diabetics (p value 0.001) and when comparing the age groups (p value 0.004). CONCLUSION Age > 40 is the main patient related factor that affect the nutritional status of patients undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery. Among the comorbidities, diabetes mellitus affects the nutritional status of the patients undergoing major elective orthopaedic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted to determine and compare the prevalence of known risk factors for CHD in south Odisha's urban and rural communities. A hospital-based epidemiological study from South Odisha was carried out at MKCG Medical College Hospital. Data was collected using a coded schedule that was designed in advance after receiving oral consent. Different known risk factors for CHD were examined. Questions were asked about family history of CHD, smoking / tobacco use, alcohol consumption, exercise and mental stress. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference of the subjects were recorded. Blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and serum cholesterol for study subjects were also estimated. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia appeared to be significantly higher among urban subjects compared to rural. High prevalence has been noted for obesity and the family history of CHD among urban subjects compared to that among rural. However, the difference in prevalence was not statistically significant. Smoking / tobacco use, stress and alcohol consumption were higher among rural subjects than those found in cities. Current research clearly shows that the increasing prevalence of CHD risk factors in Odisha is a major problem for public health in India. Population-based emergency measures are needed to control the risk factors in cardiovascular risk factors to prevent CHD in Odisha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background- Type 2 diabetes is one of the major public health problems in India. Diabetes can affect almost every organ in the body, causing blindness, kidney disease, amputation, and increased risk of stroke, heart disease, peripheral neuropathy. Objectives: 1. To detect the spread of type 2 diabetes in Urban Population of Cuttack City 2. How obesity is associated with Diabetes Mellitus Methods: A community-based study was conducted from March 2013 to Feb 2014 at the SCB Medical College gym, at the Jobra urban health center. A collection sample method was used using a total of 502 participants and a pre-developed proforma interviewed. Results: The prevalence of Mellitus diabetes in the current study was 19.5%. Diabetes mellitus gradually increases over the years (X2 = 12.24, df = 3, p = 0.0066). Type Diabetes Mellitus most closely related to duration of exercise (X2 = 4.37, 1df, P = 0.03), family history of Diabetes (X2 = 136.1, 4df, p = 0.001), Weight Index (X2 = 58.18, 3df, p < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]