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This paper is based on an ongoing study titled "Social Based - Crowd Funding in Battling Covid - 19 and Maqasid Shariah: Some Legal and Shariah Observations in Malaysia and Indonesia." The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most serious health crises since the turn of the century. The corona pandemic has presented Islamic banks with significant challenges in dealing with this pandemic, taking into account, on the one hand, its impact on various economic sectors and regulatory authorities' decisions. However, it appears that Islamic financial institutions are at odds over how to handle Islamic banking transactions, particularly a moratorium between the bank and their clients during the pandemic, as well as the use of social-based crowdfunding activities. This investigation begins with a historical pandemic that afflicted the entire world. The purpose of this paper is to examine the position of Islamic banking transactions and social-based crowdfunding during the pandemic from a Shariah standpoint. This paper also highlights Malaysia's Islamic banking approach to social based financing and social based crowd funding by financial and non-financial institutions during the pandemic. The qualitative research method was used in this paper, which included a library-based research method. A descriptive content analysis method will be used to analyse the data. This paper is significant in that it will add to the body of knowledge and literature on the subject while also providing Shariah's perspective on the status of Shariah's commercial and socially based crowdfunding contracts. The principles of adl and Ihsan appear to have been applied, affecting Islamic banking commercial transactions and social-based crowdfunding contracts. During a pandemic, however, there is a need to strike a balance between the financial stability of the financial institution and the needs of society as a whole. As a result, Shariah parameters must be developed in such a way that financial instit

Purpose – This paper aims to develop a meaningful single-source reference for Islamic economics and finance scholars concerning zakat intellectual structure published in journals indexed by the Scopus database. Design/methodology/approach – The bibliometric method is used to describe and analyze the evolution of publication structure and its various co-relations such as co-citation, co-authorship and bibliographical coupling. Findings – The authors discuss the influential and conceptual aspects of the published literature on zakat. An interesting finding is that few papers have received more than 50 citations. The analysis revealed that the Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research is the most cited source. Nevertheless, the list of the eight most cited papers reflects that research in this field is still dearth. Further, the authors find that zakat is discussed within the context of religion, its institutional framework, its role to eradicate poverty and distribution management of zakat. The authors also identify and present 14 research directions that will further stimulate scholarly work in the zakat field. Research limitations/implications – The study confines on English papers and reviews published in journals indexed by the Scopus database only; hence, the study is representative of the moderate and high-quality papers published in this area of knowledge. Practical implications – Researchers envision that this bibliometric study will complement metanalysis and qualitative structured literature reviews as a method of reviewing and evaluating the scientific literature of this study area; thus, this may help researchers for futuristic research directions. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to tackle the zakat area from a bibliometric aspect. The authors believe that this will help scholars and researchers to stand on firm bases regarding the scientific development of this area of study.

Web 2.0 technology and social media have paved a new way for the communication for individuals and for the businesses of e-commerce firms. This technology has opened the opportunities to introduce new business model which incorporates several social aspects of individuals. As Social Networking Sites are gaining more popularity, these have formed the links between internet consumers and it has become a critical way of getting knowledge for individuals. It has introduced social commerce which is joining of three concepts; e-commerce, web 2.0 and social media. E-commerce firms have started to engage their potential consumers on social media websites for the sake of contacting potential consumers and getting feedback on their products and services. Social Commerce is expanding because of its importance in information sharing. However, emotional support is also considered important factor which is comprised of informational and emotional factors that lead to trust and then ultimately, intentions to buy. This proposed structural model was assessed through collecting data from the online buyers of Pakistan through social media. It was found that in order to generate intentions to buy through social networking sites, social support is vital component that should be focused by the online businesses. This paper is concluded with research limitations and some suggestions for future research.

This study focuses on the impact of Capital Adequacy Ratio on bank’s lending and deposit behavior and also on the importance of maintaining certain level of capital reserve. CAR is examined using two different ratios leverage ratio and risk-based capital ratio. This study is beneficial for the banking industry in determining enough CAR and to make decision for taking deposits and issuing loans. The sample of the study includes 25 banks of Pakistan; 20 conventional and 5 Islamic banks and the study period is of 10 years. Panel data methodology is used. Data is collected from secondary sources. Findings show that CAR has impact on change in capital and change in loans.

Due to the unprecedented happenings and dynamic conditions of international economic system, firms are always at the verge of bankruptcy no matter how sound they are, their sustainability is always in jeopardy. Besides, lenders are continuously raising red flags and giving consistent warnings about possible perils of corporate failure due to fragile economic conditions and increasing debt levels in both corporate and individual businesses these days. Hence there was an exigency to ‘develop indicators for monitoring long term progress and sustainability of companies. Thereof it would contribute in illustrating to business analysts, firm stakeholders about the relevance of embracing these active checks for predicting bankruptcy as a sustainable business practice. This created a bizarre cult to look into the matter seriously. For this there is no mantra, no clever feats, sure-fire quick strategies. Instead there are well-defined, simple, systematic and sophisticated models to assess sustainability of companies. Thus, to avoid the tide of massive/substantial corporate failure and any future catastrophe; there is a dire need to identify the most suitable and preeminent model that can truly forecast the likelihood of default ahead of time in given circumstances. And, mainstay of this study is to provide an answer of question in hand by comparing two most venerable model choices i.e. Altman’s Z-score and Z double prime (Z”).

Pakistan need to enhance the liquidity management framework for its growing Islamic finance industry. Sukuk is a best Shariah-compliant debt instrument for short term liquidity needs since Sukuk is highly tradable instrument with low level of market risk. In view of that, there is an increasing trend in the global issuances of corporate and sovereign Sukuk. Therefore, this case study aims to explore the issuance of Sukuk in Malaysia as an example. Malaysia is dominating the Sukuk Market and has been issuing Sukuk since 1990. The underlying structure of the proposed Sukuk model for Pakistan is Istisna that is an Islamic project bond. Pakistan has the potential to replicate the Sukuk model of Malaysia. However, it is required to have an active secondary trading market in order to develop an effective and dynamic Sukuk market.