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7. Reply: Imaging-based non-invasive liver disease assessment for staging liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: A systematic review supporting the AASLD Practice Guideline

Author

Duarte-Rojo, Andres, primary, Taouli, Bachir, additional, Leung, Daniel H., additional, Levine, Deborah, additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Alsawaf, Yahya, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Majzoub, Abdul Mounaem, additional, Manolopoulos, Apostolos, additional, Haffar, Samir, additional, Dundar, Ayca, additional, Murad, M. Hassan, additional, Rockey, Don C., additional, Alsawas, Mouaz, additional, and Sterling, Richard K., additional

Published
2024
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8. Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer

Author

Shumway, Dean A., primary, Corbin, Kimberly S., additional, Farah, Magdoleen H., additional, Viola, Kelly E., additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Shah, Vishal, additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Shah, Sahrish, additional, Mohammed, Khaled, additional, Bin Riaz, Irbaz, additional, Prokop, Larry J., additional, Wang, Zhen, additional, and Murad, M. Hassan, additional

Published
2023
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9. A Systematic Review Supporting the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on Vitamin D.

Author

Shah, Vishal Paresh, Nayfeh, Tarek, Alsawaf, Yahya, Saadi, Samer, Farah, Magdoleen, Zhu, Ye, Firwana, Mohammed, Seisa, Mohamed, Wang, Zhen, Scragg, Robert, Kiely, Mairead E, Lips, Paul, Mitchell, Deborah M, Demay, Marie B, Pittas, Anastassios G, and Murad, Mohammad Hassan

Subjects
VITAMIN D, RESPIRATORY infections, PREGNANT women, PREVENTIVE medicine, PREGNANCY
Abstract

Context Low vitamin D status is common and is associated with various common medical conditions. Objective To support the development of the Endocrine Society's Clinical Practice Guideline on Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease. Methods We searched multiple databases for studies that addressed 14 clinical questions prioritized by the guideline panel. Of the 14 questions, 10 clinical questions assessed the effect of vitamin D vs no vitamin D in the general population throughout the lifespan, during pregnancy, and in adults with prediabetes; 1 question assessed dosing; and 3 questions addressed screening with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to assess certainty of evidence. Results Electronic searches yielded 37 007 citations, from which we included 151 studies. In children and adolescents, low-certainty evidence suggested reduction in respiratory tract infections with empiric vitamin D. There was no significant effect on select outcomes in healthy adults aged 19 to 74 years with variable certainty of evidence. There was a very small reduction in mortality among adults older than 75 years with high certainty of evidence. In pregnant women, low-certainty evidence suggested possible benefit on various maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. In adults with prediabetes, moderate certainty of evidence suggested reduction in the rate of progression to diabetes. Administration of high-dose intermittent vitamin D may increase falls, compared to lower-dose daily dosing. We did not identify trials on the benefits and harms of screening with serum 25(OH)D. Conclusion The evidence summarized in this systematic review addresses the benefits and harms of vitamin D for the prevention of disease. The guideline panel considered additional information about individuals' and providers' values and preferences and other important decisional and contextual factors to develop clinical recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Anticoagulation in COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Rapid Guidance From Mayo Clinic

Author

McBane, Robert D., II, Torres Roldan, Victor D., Niven, Alexander S., Pruthi, Rajiv K., Franco, Pablo Moreno, Linderbaum, Jane A., Casanegra, Ana I., Oyen, Lance J., Houghton, Damon E., Marshall, Ariela L., Ou, Narith N., Siegel, Jason L., Wysokinski, Waldemar E., Padrnos, Leslie J., Rivera, Candido E., Flo, Gayle L., Shamoun, Fadi E., Silvers, Scott M., Nayfeh, Tarek, Urtecho, Meritxell, Shah, Sahrish, Benkhadra, Raed, Saadi, Samer Mohir, Firwana, Mohammed, Jawaid, Tabinda, Amin, Mustapha, Prokop, Larry J., and Murad, M. Hassan

Published
2020
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13. Imaging-based non-invasive liver disease assessment for staging liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: A systematic review supporting the AASLD Practice Guideline

Author

Duarte-Rojo, Andres, primary, Taouli, Bachir, additional, Leung, Daniel H., additional, Levine, Deborah, additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Alsawaf, Yahya, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Majzoub, Abdul Mounaem, additional, Manolopoulos, Apostolos, additional, Hafar, Samir, additional, Dundar, Ayca, additional, Murad, M. Hassan, additional, Rockey, Don C., additional, Alsawas, Mouaz, additional, and Sterling, Richard K., additional

Published
2024
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14. Accuracy of blood-based biomarkers for staging liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: A systematic review supporting the AASLD Practice Guideline

Author

Patel, Keyur, primary, Asrani, Sumeet K., additional, Fiel, Maria Isabel, additional, Levine, Deborah, additional, Leung, Daniel H., additional, Duarte-Rojo, Andres, additional, Dranoff, Jonathan A., additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Taddei, Tamar H., additional, Alsawaf, Yahya, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Majzoub, Abdul Mounaem, additional, Manolopoulos, Apostolos, additional, Alzuabi, Muayad, additional, Ding, Jingyi, additional, Sofiyeva, Nigar, additional, Murad, M. Hassan, additional, Alsawas, Mouaz, additional, Rockey, Don C., additional, and Sterling, Richard K., additional

Published
2024
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15. Non-invasive liver disease assessment to identify portal hypertension: A systematic review supporting the AASLD Practice Guideline

Author

Rockey, Don C., primary, Alsawas, Mouaz, additional, Rojo-Duarte, Andres, additional, Patel, Keyur, additional, Levine, Deborah, additional, Asrani, Sumeet K., additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Alsawaf, Yahya, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Malandris, Konstantinos, additional, Murad, M. Hassan, additional, and Sterling, Richard K., additional

Published
2024
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18. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine: Surveillance Report 3

Author

VanderPluym, Juliana H., primary, Halker Singh, Rashmi B., additional, Farah, Magdoleen H., additional, Viola, Kelly E., additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Shah, Sahrish, additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Prokop, Larry J., additional, Murad, M. Hassan, additional, and Wang, Zhen, additional

Published
2022
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19. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine: Surveillance Report 2

Author

Pluym, Juliana H. Vande, primary, Halker Singh, Rashmi B., additional, Farah, Magdoleen H., additional, Viola, Kelly E., additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Shah, Sahrish, additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Prokop, Larry J., additional, Murad, M. Hassan, additional, and Wang, Jhen, additional

Published
2022
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20. THU413 Does Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Affect Bone Loss Process In The Population Of Sleep Apnea?

Author

Chen, Yi-Ju, primary, Suresh, Annu, additional, Haile, Selam, additional, Perciuleac, Zinaida, additional, Soni, Bosky, additional, Velazquez, Adan Cuevas, additional, Amirian, Aslan, additional, Udeh, Chinyere, additional, Sangha, Lillian, additional, Ravichander, Benjamin, additional, Aljassani, Khaldoon, additional, Joshi, Renu, additional, Atrash, Anas, additional, Ramesh, Navitha, additional, Cruz, Joanna Sta, additional, and Al-saadi, Samer, additional

Published
2023
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23. Health-Related Factors Among Pilots in Aviation Accidents.

Author

Ye Zhu, Wolf, Michael E., Alsibai, Reem A., Abbas, Alzhraa S., Alsawaf, Yahya, Saadi, Samer, Farah, Magdoleen H., Zhen Wang, and Murad, M. Hassan

Subjects
AIRCRAFT accidents, AIR pilots, LITERATURE reviews, AERONAUTICAL safety measures, MEDICAL literature, SAFETY factor in engineering
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Health-related factors can impact aviation safety. This study investigated the published, historical aviation accidents that have been investigated by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTS B) to understand medical conditions and medication use that have been determined to be causal to mishaps. METHODS: A two-part approach was adopted for this study: 1) a scoping review was conducted to provide an overview of the current medical literature addressing medical factors and flight safety; and 2) a comprehensive review of aviation accident reports from the NTS B database from January 2013 to October 2022. RESULTS: The literature review demonstrated that psychiatric, cardiovascular, and neurological medications were the major categories of medications reported in fatal aircraft accidents. Age was not found to be a risk factor. Review of the NTS B database demonstrated that, among 15,654 mishaps, medical factors were associated in 703 (4.5%) accidents. NTS B data showed that cardiovascular (1.3%), psychiatric (0.23%), and endocrine diseases (0.17%) were the most commonly reported diseases among pilots. In accident reports, cardiovascular medications (1.49%), sedating antihistamines (0.91%), and alcohol (0.70%) were the most commonly used medications at the time of the accidents. DISCUSSION: H ealth-related factors were a small yet likely underestimated proportion of the factors associated with accidents. Cardiovascular diseases and treatment were the most important factors. It is important to continue to investigate the association between health-related factors and the commission of mishaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. Partial breast irradiation compared with whole breast irradiation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Shumway, Dean A, primary, Corbin, Kimberly S, additional, Farah, Magdoleen H, additional, Viola, Kelly E, additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Shah, Vishal, additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Shah, Sahrish, additional, Mohammed, Khaled, additional, Riaz, Irbaz Bin, additional, Prokop, Larry J, additional, Murad, M Hassan, additional, and Wang, Zhen, additional

Published
2023
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27. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine

Author

Halker Singh, Rashmi B., primary, VanderPluym, Juliana H., additional, Morrow, Allison S., additional, Urtecho, Meritxell, additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Torres Roldan, Victor D., additional, Farah, Magdoleen H., additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Shah, Sahrish, additional, Abd-Rabu, Rami, additional, Daraz, Lubna, additional, Prokop, Larry J., additional, Hassan Murad, Mohammad, additional, and Wang, Zhen, additional

Published
2020
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30. A Systematic Review Supporting the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline on the Treatment of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Adults

Author

Seisa, Mohamed O, primary, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Firwana, Mohammed, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Mushannen, Ahmed, additional, Shah, Sahrish H, additional, Rajjoub, Noora S, additional, Farah, Magdoleen H, additional, Prokop, Larry J, additional, Wang, Zhen, additional, Fuleihan, Ghada El-Hajj, additional, Drake, Matthew T, additional, and Murad, Mohammad Hassan, additional

Published
2022
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32. Efficacy and Safety of MSC Cell Therapies for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Qu, Wenchun, Wang, Zhen, Engelberg-Cook, Erica, Yan, Dan, Siddik, Abu Bakar, Bu, Guojun, Allickson, Julie G, Kubrova, Eva, Caplan, Arnold I, Hare, Joshua M, Ricordi, Camillo, Pepine, Carl J, Kurtzberg, Joanne, Pascual, Jorge M, Mallea, Jorge M, Rodriguez, Ricardo L, Nayfeh, Tarek, Saadi, Samer, Durvasula, Ravindra V, Richards, Elaine M, March, Keith, Sanfilippo, Fred P, Qu, Wenchun, Wang, Zhen, Engelberg-Cook, Erica, Yan, Dan, Siddik, Abu Bakar, Bu, Guojun, Allickson, Julie G, Kubrova, Eva, Caplan, Arnold I, Hare, Joshua M, Ricordi, Camillo, Pepine, Carl J, Kurtzberg, Joanne, Pascual, Jorge M, Mallea, Jorge M, Rodriguez, Ricardo L, Nayfeh, Tarek, Saadi, Samer, Durvasula, Ravindra V, Richards, Elaine M, March, Keith, and Sanfilippo, Fred P

Abstract

MSC (a.k.a. mesenchymal stem cell or medicinal signaling cell) cell therapies show promise in decreasing mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and suggest benefits in treatment of COVID-19-related ARDS. We performed a meta-Analysis of published trials assessing the efficacy and adverse events (AE) rates of MSC cell therapy in individuals hospitalized for COVID-19. Systematic searches were performed in multiple databases through November 3, 2021. Reports in all languages, including randomized clinical trials (RCTs), non-randomized interventional trials, and uncontrolled trials, were included. Random effects model was used to pool outcomes from RCTs and non-randomized interventional trials. Outcome measures included all-cause mortality, serious adverse events (SAEs), AEs, pulmonary function, laboratory, and imaging findings. A total of 736 patients were identified from 34 studies, which included 5 RCTs (n = 235), 7 non-randomized interventional trials (n = 370), and 22 uncontrolled comparative trials (n = 131). Patients aged on average 59.4 years and 32.2% were women. When compared with the control group, MSC cell therapy was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.35-0.85, IâŠâŠ2 = 0.0%), reduction in SAEs (IRR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.90, IâŠâŠ2 = 0.0%) and no significant difference in AE rate. A sub-group with pulmonary function studies suggested improvement in patients receiving MSC. These findings support the potential for MSC cell therapy to decrease all-cause mortality, reduce SAEs, and improve pulmonary function compared with conventional care. Large-scale double-blinded, well-powered RCTs should be conducted to further explore these results. © 2022 Published by Oxford University Press.

Published
2022

33. A Systematic Review Supporting the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Hyperglycemia in Adults Hospitalized for Noncritical Illness or Undergoing Elective Surgical Procedures

Author

Seisa, Mohamed O, primary, Saadi, Samer, additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Muthusamy, Kalpana, additional, Shah, Sahrish H, additional, Firwana, Mohammed, additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Jawaid, Tabinda, additional, Abd-Rabu, Rami, additional, Korytkowski, Mary T, additional, Muniyappa, Ranganath, additional, Antinori-Lent, Kellie, additional, Donihi, Amy C, additional, Drincic, Andjela T, additional, Luger, Anton, additional, Torres Roldan, Victor D, additional, Urtecho, Meritxell, additional, Wang, Zhen, additional, and Murad, M Hassan, additional

Published
2022
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34. Efficacy and Safety of MSC Cell Therapies for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Qu, Wenchun, primary, Wang, Zhen, additional, Engelberg-Cook, Erica, additional, Yan, Dan, additional, Siddik, Abu Bakar, additional, Bu, Guojun, additional, Allickson, Julie G, additional, Kubrova, Eva, additional, Caplan, Arnold I, additional, Hare, Joshua M, additional, Ricordi, Camillo, additional, Pepine, Carl J, additional, Kurtzberg, Joanne, additional, Pascual, Jorge M, additional, Mallea, Jorge M, additional, Rodriguez, Ricardo L, additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Durvasula, Ravindra V, additional, Richards, Elaine M, additional, March, Keith, additional, and Sanfilippo, Fred P, additional

Published
2022
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35. Hyperglycemia Supplement-docx

Author

Seisa, Mohamed O., Saadi, Samer, Nayfeh, Tarek, Muthusamy, Kalpana, Shah, Sahrish H., firwana, Mohammed, Hassan, Bashar, Jawaid, Tabinda, Abd-Rabu, Rami, Korytkowski, Mary T., Muniyappa, Ranganath, Antinori-Lent, Kellie, Donihi, Amy C., Drincic, Andjela T., Luger, Anton, Torres Roldan, Victor D., Urtecho, Meritxell, Wang, Zhen, and Murad, M. Hassan

Abstract

Supplemental tables and figures

Published
2022
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38. A systematic review supporting the Society for Vascular Surgery Guidelines on the management of carotid artery disease

Author

Hasan, Bashar, primary, Farah, Magdoleen, additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Amin, Mustapha, additional, Malandris, Kostantinos, additional, Abd-Rabu, Rami, additional, Shah, Sahrish, additional, Rajjoub, Rami, additional, Seisa, Mohamed O., additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Hassett, Leslie, additional, Prokop, Larry J., additional, AbuRahma, Ali F., additional, and Murad, M. Hassan, additional

Published
2022
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39. A Systematic Review Supporting the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline on the Treatment of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Adults.

Author

Seisa, Mohamed O., Nayfeh, Tarek, Hasan, Bashar, Firwana, Mohammed, Saadi, Samer, Mushannen, Ahmed, Shah, Sahrish H., Rajjoub, Noora S., Farah, Magdoleen H., Prokop, Larry J., Zhen Wang, Fuleihan, Ghada El-Hajj, Drake, Matthew T., and Murad, Mohammad Hassan

Subjects
HYPERCALCEMIA, CANCER treatment, DIPHOSPHONATES
Abstract

Context: Hypercalcemia is a common complication of malignancy that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To support development of the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy in adults. Methods: We searched multiple databases for studies that addressed 8 clinical questions prioritized by a guideline panel from the Endocrine Society. Quantitative and qualitative synthesis was performed. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess certainty of evidence. Results: We reviewed 1949 citations, from which we included 21 studies. The risk of bias for most of the included studies was moderate. A higher proportion of patients who received bisphosphonate achieved resolution of hypercalcemia when compared to placebo. The incidence rate of adverse events was significantly higher in the bisphosphonate group. Comparing denosumab to bisphosphonate, there was no significant difference in the rate of patients who achieved resolution of hypercalcemia. Two-thirds of patients with refractory/recurrent hypercalcemia of malignancy who received denosumab following bisphosphonate therapy achieved resolution of hypercalcemia. Addition of calcitonin to bisphosphonate therapy did not affect the resolution of hypercalcemia, time to normocalcemia, or hypocalcemia. Only indirect evidence was available to address questions on the management of hypercalcemia in tumors associated with high calcitriol levels, refractory/recurrent hypercalcemia of malignancy following the use of bisphosphonates, and the use of calcimimetics in the treatment of hypercalcemia associated with parathyroid carcinoma. The certainty of the evidence to address all 8 clinical questions was low to very low. Conclusion: The evidence summarized in this systematic review addresses the benefits and harms of treatments of hypercalcemia of malignancy. Additional information about patients' values and preferences, and other important decisional and contextual factors is needed to facilitate the development of clinical recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. Effectiveness and Safety of MSC Cell Therapies for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Qu, Wenchun, primary, Wang, Zhen, additional, Engelberg-Cook, Erica, additional, Siddik, Abu Bakar, additional, Bu, Guojun, additional, Allickson, Julie G., additional, Kubrova, Eva, additional, Caplan, Arnold I., additional, Hare, Joshua M., additional, Ricordi, Camillo, additional, Pepine, Carl J., additional, Kurtzberg, Joanne, additional, Pascual, Jorge M., additional, Mallea, Jorge M., additional, Rodriguez, Ricardo L., additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Richards, Elaine M., additional, March, Keith, additional, and Sanfilippo, Fred P., additional

Published
2021
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42. Thresholds for interpreting the fragility index derived from sample of randomised controlled trials in cardiology: a meta-epidemiologic study

Author

Murad, Mohammad Hassan, Kara Balla, Abdalla, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Shaikh, Asim, Saadi, Samer, and Wang, Zhen

Abstract

The fragility index (FI) was proposed as a simplified way to communicate robustness of statistically significant results and their susceptibility to a change of a handful number of events. While this index is intuitive, it is not anchored by a cut-off or a guide for interpretation. We identified cardiovascular trials published in six high impact journals from 2007 to 2021 (500 or more participants and a dichotomous statistically significant primary outcome). We estimated area under curve (AUC) to determine FI value that best predicts whether the treatment effect was precise, defined as adequately powered for a plausible relative risk reduction (RRR) of 25% or 30% or having a CI that is sufficiently narrow to exclude a risk reduction that is too small (close to the null, <0.05). The median FI of 201 included cardiovascular trials was 13 (range 1–172). FI exceeded the number of patients lost to follow-up in 46/201 (22.89%) trials. FI values of 19 and 22 predicted that trials would be precise (powered for RRR of 30% and 25%; respectively, combined with CI that excluded risk reduction <0.05). AUC for meeting these precision criteria was 0.90 (0.86–0.94). In conclusion, FI values that range 19–22 may meet various definitions of precision and can be used as a rule of thumb to suggest that a treatment effect is likely precise and less susceptible to random error. The number of patients lost to follow-up should be presented alongside FI to better illustrate fragility.

Published
2023
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43. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine in Adults

Author

VanderPluym, Juliana H., primary, Halker Singh, Rashmi B., additional, Urtecho, Meritxell, additional, Morrow, Allison S., additional, Nayfeh, Tarek, additional, Torres Roldan, Victor D., additional, Farah, Magdoleen H., additional, Hasan, Bashar, additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Shah, Sahrish, additional, Abd-Rabu, Rami, additional, Daraz, Lubna, additional, Prokop, Larry J., additional, Murad, Mohammad Hassan, additional, and Wang, Zhen, additional

Published
2021
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45. A Systematic Review Supporting the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Guidelines on the Prevention and Treatment of Adverse Events of Injectable Fillers

Author

Nayfeh, Tarek, primary, Shah, Sahrish, additional, Malandris, Konstantinos, additional, Amin, Mustapha, additional, Abd-Rabu, Rami, additional, Seisa, Mohamed O., additional, Saadi, Samer, additional, Rajjoub, Rami, additional, Firwana, Mohammed, additional, Prokop, Larry J., additional, and Murad, Mohammad H., additional

Published
2020
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48. Malaria in Pregnancy

Author

Musa, Juna, primary, Saadi, Samer, additional, Guy, Ali, additional, Madani, Kulsum, additional, Abdullahu, Blina, additional, Barakat, Benan, additional, Kola, Ina, additional, Zylalaj, Ilda, additional, Elrefaei, Amro, additional, and Musa, Dorina, additional

Published
2020
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49. Association of study design features and treatment effects in trials of chronic medical conditions: a meta-epidemiological study

Author

Wang, Zhen, Alahdab, Fares, Farah, Magdoleen, Seisa, Mohamed, Firwana, Mohammed, Rajjoub, Rami, Saadi, Samer, Jawaid, Tabinda, Nayfeh, Tarek, and Murad, Mohammad Hassan

Abstract

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of study design features and treatment effects in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating therapies for individuals with chronic medical conditions.DesignMeta-epidemiological study.SettingRCTs from meta-analyses published in the 10 general medical journals with the highest impact factor published between 1 January 2007 and 10 June 2019 and evaluated a drug, procedure or device treatment of chronic medical conditions.Main outcome measuresThe association between trial design features and the effect size, reporting a ratio of ORs (ROR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsWe included 1098 trials from 86 meta-analyses. The most common outcome in the trials was mortality (52%), followed by disease progression (16%) and adverse events (12%). Lack of blinding of patients and study personnel was associated with a larger treatment effect (ROR 1.12; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.25). There was no statistically significant association with random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessors, incomplete outcome data, whether trials were stopped early, study funding, type of interventions or with type of outcomes (objective vs subjective).ConclusionThe meta-epidemiological study did not demonstrate a clear pattern of association between risk of bias indicators and treatment effects in RCTs in chronic medical conditions. The unpredictability of the direction of bias emphasises the need to make every attempt to adhere to blinding, allocation concealment and reduce attrition bias.Trial registration numberNot applicable.

Published
2022
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