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The application of state-of-the-art technologies in functional fields is complex and offers a significant challenge to user and expert teams as well as to technical teams. This chapter presents a mechanism that has been used in a project in the context of digital publications. Ensuring the traceability of digital publications (e-books and e-journals) is a critical aspect of the utmost importance for authors, publishers, and buyers. The SmartISBN project has used blockchain technology to define a protocol for the identification, tracking, and traceability of digital publications. As this was an innovative project that required communication between functional experts (authors, publishers, booksellers, etc.) and technical experts, it was necessary to identify protocols to facilitate communication. This chapter presents the protocol by which the functional tests have been defined and how this has favoured the validation of the project.

Los sistemas software son cada vez más multidisciplinares y complejos. Su implementación de forma satisfactoria se ha convertido en un desafío continuo para cualquier tipo de empresa u organismo. Llevar a cabo la “transformación digital” de una empresa u organización implica, entre otras cosas, la adopción de tecnologías digitales avanzadas al objeto de mejorar su funcionamiento, eficiencia, productos y servicios. Es decir, para las empresas y organizaciones supone la aceptación e integración de tecnologías como internet, la nube y los servicios en línea, el internet de las cosas, la automatización de procesos, el análisis masivo de datos, la inteligencia artificial, y otros avances tecnológicos. En este contexto, hace ya unos años, apareció la tecnología blockchain. Ésta constituye también una de esas tecnologías que están impulsando la comentada “transformación digital”, gracias a sus características únicas y su potencial para abordar ciertas limitaciones de los sistemas tradicionales. Además, dado su carácter transversal1, esta tecnología está permitiendo la disrupción en la economía y en la empresa más allá de las conocidas criptomonedas. Solo habría que realizar una búsqueda rápida por internet para evidenciar que estamos asistiendo a una importante apuesta del mercado hacia los desarrollos basados en esta tecnología disruptiva. Esto es debido, fundamentalmente, a su capacidad para transformar la forma en que se registran las transacciones y la manera en que se almacenan y recuperan los datos. En la tecnología blockchain, los llamados smart contracts (contratos inteligentes) podrían actuar como complemento o sustituto de los contratos legales, ya que pueden automatizar y ejecutar acuerdos de manera eficiente y transparente. Estos “contratos digitales” se registran en un lenguaje informático que es desplegado y ejecutado en una plataforma blockchain. Estos scripts contienen una serie de reglas y condiciones preestablecidas y, cuando se cumplen las mismas, el sma

En los últimos años, los avances en las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) las han hecho imprescindibles en nuestra sociedad, especialmente en el funcionamiento de muchas organizaciones. Un ejemplo sería el impacto que han tenido y tienen en la medicina. Son fundamentales para mejorar la calidad, eficacia y eficiencia de los servicios sanitarios, siendo necesario apostar por la interoperabilidad de estos sistemas tecnológicos.

En los últimos años, los avances en las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) las han hecho imprescindibles en nuestra sociedad, especialmente en el funcionamiento de muchas organizaciones. Un ejemplo sería el impacto que han tenido y tienen en la medicina. Son fundamentales para mejorar la calidad, eficacia y eficiencia de los servicios sanitarios, siendo necesario apostar por la interoperabilidad de estos sistemas tecnológicos.

The pandemic suffered in 2020 following the appearance of the SARS CoV-2 virus has marked a radical change in the way in which the basic pillars of international, and more specifically Spanish, society are understood. The existing social and economic model has had to adapt abruptly and urgently to the reality of what has happened. The impact that these changes will have after the pandemic is still unclear, but it may be surmised that many of them are here to stay. The use of information and communication technologies has been critical in the pandemic scenario and also in the health environment, where factors like telemedicine have come to play a key role for society. This work presents an initial analysis of how degrees in Medicine train students for telematic work with patients and provides a series of reflections based on the pandemic which may serve as a point of departure for future studies.

One of the key benefits of blockchain technology is its ability to keep a per manent, unalterable record of transactions. In business environments, where companies interact with each other without a centralized authority to ensure trust between them, this has led to blockchain platforms and smart contracts being proposed as a means of implementing trustworthy collaborative pro cesses. Software engineers must deal withthem to ensure the quality of smart contracts in all phases of the smart contract lifecycle, from requirements spec ifications to design and deployment. This broad scope and criticality of smart contracts in business environments means that they have to be expressed in a language that is intuitive, easy-to-use, independent of the blockchain platform employed, and oriented towards software quality assurance. In this paper we present a key component: a first outline of a UML-based smart contract meta-model that would allow us to achieve these objectives. This meta-model will be enriched in future work to represent blockchain environments and automated testing.

the code and the agreements contained therein exist across a distributed, decentralized blockchain network. In software engineering, this collaboration is usually represented by using business process models and smart contracts can be used to implement business collaborations in general and interorganizational business processes. The validation of this contract and the assurance of its quality are critical for its right application. Early testing in smart contract definition is the fact of this paper. The paper discusses the possibility to use transformation protocols to obtain derived artefacts like test case definitions and smart contract code scaffolds. Generation of derived artefacts significantly reduces the number of defects before deploying the smart contract code in the blockchain network. Transformations protocols are created using model-based software development and modelling techniques. This approach allows to simplify and improve the management and execution application of systematic mechanisms to evaluate and validate the smart contract and, particularly, the application of early testing techniques which would help to reduce the number of defects and, ultimately, the cost of the final review.

Blockchain technology promises to spark a real revolution. One of most important concepts associated with this technology is smart contracts, which enable the automatic execution of agreements and augur a world without intermediaries. The conditions and rules of ‘‘contracts’’ are established in a computer codes and trust is enforced by consensus among the participants. One relevant feature associated with smart contract is the immutability property, which establishes the non-alteration of blockchain network data after the clauses of the contract are been approved by all parties or entities involved. For this reason, smart contract development requires more effort and care than the development of other common programs. They require systematic mechanisms to collect requirements and functional specifications. In addition, it is necessary to verify and validate the agreed functionality and the implemented code before they are deployed in the blockchain platform. This article presents a systematic literature review of primary studies in the field of Software Development Life Cycle, focusing on model-based software design and testing in the blockchain domain of smart contracts. This research aims to identify gaps and/or opportunities for further research. After carried out this review, it was observed that no clear methodology exists for evaluating and validating the quality either of this software or the overall development process. This means that software developers may implement smart contract code in which bugs and serious security vulnerabilities appear when the software is delivered to their customers.

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a technological concept applied in healthcare contexts to achieve the digital interconnection of everyday objects with the Internet in order to make life easier for people. IoMT can help monitor, inform and notify not only caregivers, but provide healthcare providers with actual data to identify issues before they become critical or to allow for earlier invention. In this sense, this paper is contextualized in Assisted Repro duction Treatment (ART) processes to reduce the number of hospital visits, reduce healthcare costs and improve patientcare, as well as the productivity of the healthcare professional. So, we present an IoMT-based technological pro posal to manage and control the prescription of pharmacological treatments to patients who are carried out ART processes. In this context, we propose the integration of iMEDEA (modular system specialized in the management of electronic clinical records for ART unit) and smart speaker devices (specifically, Amazon’s Alexa), as well as the validation of our proposal in the real envi ronment offered by Inebir clinic

Blockchain technology is a chain of cryptographically linked blocks. It was designed to be immutable, so that the identity and traceability of the information entered would be guaranteed. After analyzing several traceability solutions, in the context of a Spanish company project, it was found that in order for a traceability solution to be efficient and agile, an additional layer is necessary in the blockchain. Since this need originated in the industrial sector, the subject has awakened considerable interest in the research community. This paper explains why the extra layer is essential and why it should ideally be totally independent of the information that is recorded on the blockchain network. Although data in a blockchain network is immutable, the paper also outlines the need for additional verification mechanisms capable of determining whether the raw data was correct. Finally, it includes planned future work.

BlockChain Technology (BCT) has appeared with strength and promises an authentic revolution on business, management, and organizational strategies related to utilization of advanced software systems. In fact, BCT promotes a decentralized architecture to process management and the collaborative work between entities when these ones are working together in a business process. This paper aims to know what proposals exist to improve any stage of business process management using BCT because this technology could provide benefits in this management. For this purpose, this paper presents a systematic literature review in area of Collaborative Business Processes (CBP) in BCT domain to identify opportunities and gaps for further research. This paper concludes there is a rapid and growing interest of public bodies, scientific community and software industries to know opportunities that BCT offers to improve CBP management in a decentralized manner. However, although the topic is in early stages, there are very promising lines of research and relevant open issues, but there also is lack of scientific rigor in validation process into the different studies.

Immutability - the ability for a Blockchain (BC) Ledger to remain an unalterable, permanent and indelible history of transactions - is a feature that is highlighted as a key benefit of BC. This ability is very important when several companies work collaboratively to achieve common objectives. This collaboration is usually represented by using business process models. BC is considered as a suitable technology to reduce the complexity of designing these collaborative processes using Smart Contracts. This paper discusses how to combine Model-based Software Development, modelling techniques, such as use cases models and activity diagram models based on Unified Model Languages (UML) in order to simplify and improve the modelling, management and execution of collaborative business processes between multiple companies in the BC network. This paper includes the neccessity of using transformation protocols to obtain Smart Contract code. In addition, it presents systematic mechanisms to evaluate and validate Smart Contract, applying early testing techniques, before deploying the Smart Contract code in the BC network.

Currently, there is a lack in companies developing software in relation to assessing their staff’s productivity before executing software projects, with the aim of improving effectiveness and efficiency. QuEF (Quality Evaluation Framework) is a framework that allows defining quality management tasks based on a model. The main purpose of this framework is twofold: improve an entity’s continuous quality, and given a context, decide between a set of entity’s instances on the most appropriate one. Thus, the aim of this paper is to make this framework available to evaluate productivity of professionals along software development and select the most appropriate experts to implement the suggested project. For this goal, Valortia platform, capable of carrying out this task by following the QuEF framework guidelines, is designed. Valortia is a platform to certify users' knowledge on a specific area and centralize all certification management in its model by means of providing protocols and methods for a suitable management, improving efficiency and effectiveness, reducing cost and ensuring continuous quality.

Managing documentation in a suitable way has become a critical issue for any organization. Or ganizations depend on the information they store and they are required to have appropriate mechanisms to support the functional needs of information storage, management and retrieval. Currently, there are several tools in the market, both free software and proprietary license, nor mally named Enterprise Content Management (ECM) tools, which offer relevant solutions in this context. This paper presents a comparative study among several of the most commonly used ECM tools. It starts with a systematic review of the literature to analyze possible solutions and then it defines a characterization schema instantiated in a particular case, the Regional Government of Andalusia