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One health is a relatively recent issue that is increasingly gaining importance, as the importance of the impact that the environment has on human health is being recognized. Brazil being a country in which the economy is mostly based on agriculture, recognition of the impacts of agriculture on the environment, human health and animal health, as despite being areas that are worked separately, they are interconnected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Foi realizado um levantamento das publicações feitas em 2023 no perfil da Folha de São Paulo e BBC Brasil presentes na rede social Instagram, visando identificar o impacto da atividade de divulgação científica no público-alvo. Os resultados apontam uma frequência baixa de divulgação científica e foco nas pesquisas em saúde humana. A análise dos comentários revelou uma menção recorrente à política, religião e tendência à chacota com os assuntos, entretanto, mostrou que alguns usuários prezam pelas informações divulgadas. Concluiu-se que os esforços para divulgar ciência podem ser maiores, e o público alcançado por esses perfis interage e exige qualidade.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society (BRAJETS) / Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade (CETS) is the property of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society - BRAJETS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Air pollution is a problem that has been getting worse in recent decades due to the intensification of industrialization and urbanization processes, causing serious damage to the health and quality of life of city dwellers. Taking this reality into account, the general objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of doctorate theses and master's dissertations that evaluated the relationship between air pollution and human health in the State of São Paulo, defended and published among the years 2010 and 2019 in nine Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Therefore, a survey was carried out in the banks of theses and dissertations of the HEIs, with 66 works being identified, which were later read and analyzed according to a set of previously established criteria. The work identified a significant number of studies referring to the municipalities that constitute the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP), the largest Brazilian urban-industrial agglomeration, but also in numerous mediumsized urban centers spread throughout the state territory. Among the most studied pollutants are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter (MP2,5 and MP10) and carbon monoxide (CO). There is an expressive diversity of investigated diseases, which were not limited to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. A significant number of works investigated the effects of air pollution on children and the elderly, considered to be sensitive age groups. Almost all of the studies identified showed a positive correlation between the concentration of these atmospheric pollutants in the cities analyzed, at their different levels, and human health, taking into account the various diseases mentioned. For this reason, the results found reinforce the importance of systematic review works for the production of subsidies that guide the preparation and implementation of public policies for monitoring and controlling air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban interferences such as those that occurred in the municipality of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), can cause microclimatic particularities, such as: high temperatures, low moisture content and human thermal discomfort. In addition to urban interference, the climatic characteristics of the Semiarid Region of Nordestina favor thermal discomfort. Considering the human thermal comfort an essential factor for residences, a climatic study was proposed in urban residential backyards, located in pintos, Mossoró/RN, with the purpose of understanding the influence that trees can exert on the microclimate of these backyards and on thermal comfort. Data on air temperature and relative humidity were collected during 24hrs of three days of the hottest and driest climatic period and 24hrs of three days of hot and rainy by thermohygrometer devices, in two backyards, one without trees (P1) and one wooded (P2). The data were applied to the Heat Index (CI). The trees in the P2 yard softened temperatures by up to 4.5°C at 1pm on November 5 and 3.8°C also at 1pm on April 13. And they raised the moisture levels by 9% at 13hrs and 16hrs on November 5 and by 6.5% at 13:00 on April 13, compared to backyard P1, thus promoting better thermal sensations of CI. It is evident the influence that the afforestation of the P2 yard exerts on the microclimate of this yard, especially in the hottest and driest climatic period and in the most critical time intervals of the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brazil suffers from a lack of basic sanitation in many regions, intensified in the Amazon region due to its difficult access. The application of natural coagulants is a promising alternative since it eliminates the use of chemicals, is a simple, low-cost method that is easy to reproduce, and is accessible to any community, thus promoting health and environmental improvements. On the other hand, the use of chemical coagulants can cause harm to the environment and human health. Aim: Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the coagulation effect of a species of Amazonian cactus applied in the treatment of water for human consumption. Methods: For the study, about 500 grams of the aerial part of the Cereus jamacaru was collected on the banks of the BR 174 in the region of Roraima. The spines were removed in the laboratory, the plant material was washed, cut to a thickness, dried in an oven at 60 °C for 36 hours, then ground and sieved until obtaining a powder, which was tested as a natural coagulant. The water used in the study was collected from the Branco River in Boa Vista, Roraima, and characterized its initial turbidity. Results: The dosage of 0.2g of the natural cactus coagulant showed a significant reduction in the turbidity of the study water, leaving it within the potability standards established for groundwater. Discussion: Coagulation in the sanitary context is evidenced by the removal of microscopic particles associated with pathogenic microorganisms, normally found in raw water and with very low sedimentation speed. Replacing polluting chemical substances with natural coagulants in the treatment of water for human consumption contributes to the quality of life. Conclusion: The Amazonian cactus Cereus jamacaru demonstrated coagulation efficiency for analyzing the turbidity parameter of water for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esta revisão descreve o comportamento do mercúrio (Hg) no ambiente, desde sua origem até as implicações no ecossistema e na saúde humana. O Hg constitui um dos poluentes de maior risco para o equilíbrio ecológico e saúde humana, justificado pela elevada toxicidade e potencial de bioacumulação e biomagnificação através da cadeia alimentar. Nos solos a mobilidade do Hg é controlada pelas espécies do elemento e pelos atributos do solo, como pH, matéria orgânica e mineral de argila. Em plantas, o Hg afeta a fotossíntese, a absorção de nutrientes e a transpiração, porém algumas plantas desenvolveram mecanismos para tolerar esse metal, como acumular altas concentrações nas raízes sem translocá-lo para as partes aéreas. Foram abordadas as principais fontes de Hg, os métodos de determinação usados para quantificar esse metal e a ocorrência em ecossistemas e seus desdobramentos, bem como foram identificadas áreas com elevadas contaminações por diferentes fontes, com destaque para contaminação industrial e mineração. Dessa forma, mais estudos devem ser replicados, no intuito de garantir saltos para promover a redução da emissão e incorporação ao sistema, assim como recuperar as áreas já contaminadas.

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for the growth, development and metabolism of animals, including humans. It is an integral part of a set of proteins, the selenoproteins, with antioxidant action, involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, growth regulation, cell viability, immune system functions and reproduction. This element fulfils the same function in vegetables, although it does not play an essential role in their nutrition, so it is currently included in the group of beneficial elements. It is introduced into the food chain by ingesting plants and products derived from them. Plants assimilate Se compounds, present in the soil, mainly in the form of inorganic compounds of selenate (Se6+) and selenite (Se4+). Both have water solubility and are part of the metabolic processes that occur in humans. In view of the above, the objectives of this literature review were to present information on some of the main aspects of selenium for humans and plants, describing its forms of absorption, benefits, problems related to its deficiency and its use in food biofortification. Selenium (Se) has several benefits for plants and human health, and for humans, when administered in ideal concentrations. In addition to providing a healthy diet, it can act as an antioxidant, playing an important role in protecting against viral infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mineração pode resultar em impactos adversos para os ecossistemas naturais e saúde humana. Tendo em conta os graves rompimentos que ocorreram recentemente no Brasil (nos municípios de Mariana e de Brumadinho, no estado de Minas Gerais) e a relação existente entre saúde e meio ambiente, o presente trabalho buscou levantar, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, os impactos desencadeados pelo rejeito de mineração sobre a saúde humana e ecossistemas naturais. Os impactos ambientais implicaram diretamente na alteração do metabolismo e funcionamento dos ecossistemas naturais, devido à contaminação dos compartimentos ambientais e dos prejuízos à biodiversidade. Quanto à saúde humana, foram evidentes os riscos de intoxicação, prejuízos à saúde mental, agravos de doenças existentes, arboviroses e zoonoses. Os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para o estabelecimento de estratégias e formulação de políticas públicas que visem a reversão do cenário encontrado.

Due to the growing demand for food of animal origin, traditional production schemes have become obsolete, causing producers to look for new alternatives to increase productivity. Among the alternatives, the application of antibiotics in feed has become popular for improving animal performance, but this has led to the emergence of resistant microorganisms. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile of 37 pathogens isolated from swine and chickens intended for human consumption identified as Salmonella and E. coli to antibiotics used in human medicine through the disk diffusion technique; namely: amikacin 30 μg, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 30 μg, ampicillin 10 μg, azithromycin 15 μg, cephalexin 30 μg, colistin 10 μg, ceftriaxone 30 μg, ciprofloxacin 5 μg, doxycycline 30 μg, streptomycin 10 μg, 10 μg, gentamicin meropenem 10 μg, norfloxacin 10 μg, penicillin G 10 IU, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 25 μg, and vancomycin 30 μg. Some antibiotics recurrently used to treat serious infections showed low efficacy against the analyzed isolates; Among these antibiotics with little efficiency, vancomycin and penicillin G stood out. Vancomycin had an inhibitory effect in only two isolates, one of which showed partial resistance to the antibiotic. Penicillin G showed a partial inhibitory effect in most of the isolates tested, and 13 isolates showed total resistance to the antibiotic. The results showed that most of the bacterial isolates tested showed total or partial resistance to almost all antibiotics. From the analysis of the results, it was possible to perceive that the bacteria present in the food production chain showed a high profile of antimicrobial resistance, a fact that can cause damage to the health of the consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that knowledge of hazardous substance pictograms is fundamental in the promotion of attitudes to minimize impacts on health and the environment, this study was carried out with the following aims: i) to assess the level of comprehension of hazardous substance pictograms, as defined by Professional Higher Technical Course students at a higher education institution; ii) to understand the way the training strategy that was followed with the students contributed to a conceptual change in the interpretation of hazardous substance pictograms, and; iii) to underline the importance of hazardous substance pictogram comprehension in minimizing the risk of environmental, workplace accidents and occupational disease. Comprehension of these pictograms by 669 students was assessed before and after training on the subject. Data analysis by a pictogram, as a function of the area of training, age and having, or not, the status of student worker or not, was performed through descriptive statistics tools and hypothesis testing. The average level of correct understanding of the pictograms after training (61.19%) was higher than observed before training (30.75%). Training on chemical hazards is essential for the improvement of understanding of the corresponding pictograms and should be valued and addressed in school curricula beginning with mandatory education and continuing through to the higher education level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O abastecimento de água em Santarém é favorecido pela a ocorrência do aquífero Alter do Chão, cuja captação da água é realizada por poços e distribuída sem tratamento para a população. A expansão urbana acelerada e a falta de serviços de saneamento básico, vem comprometendo a qualidade da água o que poderá acarretar implicações para a saúde. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e físico–química da água de consumo em Santarém e as implicações para a saúde. Selecionou-se 30 poços domiciliares e coletou-se 60 amostras de água durante a estação seca e chuvosa. Os valores foram comparados com as recomendações da Portaria 2914/11 do Ministério da Saúde e verificado diferenças estatísticas nos parâmetros obtidos entre as estações. A maior parte dos parâmetros avaliados estiveram em concordância com a legislação, entretanto, valores de pH apontaram água ácida o que poderá acarretar perturbações gástricas e intestinais nos consumidores. Em 33% e 40% das amostras durante a estação seca e chuvosa, respectivamente, apresentaram nitrato elevado, demostrando deficiências sanitárias. Em 37% das amostras coletadas durante a estação seca e 33% durante a chuvosa apresentaram concentrações superiores ao recomendado de alumínio, sendo que estudos tem demonstrado uma relação ainda em debate entre exposição crônica ao alumínio e a doença neurológicas. Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os parâmetros nas estações analisadas. Conclui-se que a água consumida nos domicílios, apresenta-se com alguns parâmetros de qualidade em desacordo, evidenciando que a população está exposta a riscos microbiológicos e químicos através do seu consumo.

A cabra doméstica (Capra aegagrushircus) foi um dos primeiros ruminantes domesticados pelo homem e possui características vantajosas, tais como crescimento rápido, alta progênie, alta adaptabilidade e resistência a condições climáticas e ambientais extremas. A procura do leite de cabra vem crescendo nos últimos tempos por se apresentar como uma alternativa bastante nutritiva para o ser humano sobretudo pela presença de componentes bioativos nesse alimento. O objetivo desta revisão literária é abordar sobre essa atividade biológica vantajosa para a alimentação humana mencionando inclusive estratégias utilizadas para influenciar na concentração dos compostos bioativos presentes no leite caprino. É possível verificar que o leite de cara é capaz de modular processos metabólicos e levar a alguns efeitos benéficos para a saúde humana, como regulação do sistema imunológico, ação antioxidante, atividade antibacteriana, prevenção de lesões musculares em atletas de alto rendimento, melhorar a digestibilidade, efeito antiaterogênico e propriedades anticarcinogênicas. A presença destes compostos classifica o leite de cabra como um alimento funcional , o qual pode sofrer alterações em sua composição principalmente pela dieta do animal, mas também por alterações na temperatura e clima no local de produção, e com o sistema de produção. Dessa forma, é possível inferir que o leite de cabra vem se mostrando uma alternativa às necessidades nutricionais humanas devido à presença em sua composição natural de compostos bioativos.

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Os atuais sistemas de produção intensiva de alimentos, com uso de poucas cultivares em extensos monocutivos, associado ao uso intenso de agrotóxicos e fertilizantes químicos, vem contaminando recursos naturais, especialmente os recursos hídricos, modificando suas características e, consequentemente gerando desequilíbrio ambiental e na saúde humana. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar água tratada e não tratada do rio Taquari na cidade de Encantado/RS, durante o período de verão e inverno, com intuito de verificar a presença de princípios ativos de agrotóxicos. O método de pesquisa compreendeu duas etapas de coleta de água, na safra de verão e inverno, e posterior análises no Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LARP/UFSM). Os resultados mostram a presença dos seguintes princípios ativos atrazina em água tratada e não tratada, o qual é um herbicida utilizado principalmente em lavouras de milho na região; em agua não tratada foi identificado imidacloprido e clorpirifós, inseticidas utilizados em culturas de soja, fumo, milho, trigo e citros; carbendazim, fungicida empregado no controle de doenças em cereais e frutas e tebuconazol, fungicida empregado nas culturas de grãos. Pode-se considerar que, embora a quantidade de resíduo tenha ficado abaixo do limite máximo permitido (LMP) de segurança estabelecido pela legislação brasileira atual, não é possível assegurar baixos riscos para a saúde humana e ambiental, pois os agrotóxicos têm comprovadamente efeitos agudos e crônicos, agravados pela constante exposição, sendo a reflexão atual e apropriada, bem como sugere-se a continuidade das pesquisas e análises.

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As hortas urbanas trazem benefícios alimentares e sociais, mas os poluentes atmosféricos são nocivos à saúde. Então, surge a questão: os alimentos das hortas urbanas são seguros? Para investigar, neste estudo utilizou-se a alface crespa, a mais consumida em São Paulo e bioindicadora de metais tóxicos. A pesquisa ocorreu de agosto a outubro de 2018, em horta urbana no telhado de um grande shopping da cidade de São Paulo, cercado de intenso tráfego de veículos. Utilizaram-se dois tratamentos, cultivo a céu aberto (T1) e cultivo em estufa com controle de ar (T2), com nove repetições cada. Após 60 dias, quantificaram-se as concentrações médias, nas amostras, dos elementos arsênio (As), cádmio (Cd), cromo (Cr), chumbo (Pb) e zinco (Zn), que não ultrapassaram os limites máximos preconizados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Concluiu-se que as alfaces não oferecem riscos à saúde humana, e o tratamento T2 reduziu o teor de Zn na alface (p

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The municipality of Mossoró, a city of the Semiarid Northeast, has a high urbanization rate and is characterized by high temperatures and low levels of relative humidity throughout the year, corroborating thermal discomfort in external environments. Therefore, the interest arises in studying the behavior of air temperature and relative humidity in two residential backyards of the Abolition neighborhood, in order to verify the influence of trees on the behavior of climatic elements in backyards and, consequently, in human thermal comfort, seeking to fill a gap in preexisting research. The research took place in two backyards, one wooded (Residence 1) and the other not (Residence 2), with data collection between May 23 and 31, 2016, comprising the hot and rainy climatic period of Mossoró. After the analysis of the air temperature and relative humidity of both residences it was noticeable that Residence 1, which has afforestation in its backyard, presented lower air temperatures and higher humidity levels than Residence 2, which does not have trees, especially at the most critical time intervals. The trees present in the backyard of Residence 1 softened temperatures by up to 7.1°C at 2pm on May 29, 2016 and raised moisture levels by up to 20.8% at 2pm on May 27, 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

No cenário mundial as atividades antrópicas têm interferido de maneira crescente na saúde ambiental e humana afetando, de maneira mais intensa, áreas vulneráveis. O nordeste brasileiro caracteriza-se por um déficit hídrico marcante, além de ser uma área rica em minerais, o que leva à exploração desses recursos. A percepção ambiental da população inserida em áreas vulneráveis contribui para entender o cenário social e ambiental além de suas consequências em nível sanitário. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar o cenário ambiental e os potenciais impactos da atividade extrativista, em municípios situados no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O estudo envolveu a aplicação de questionários semiestruturados descrevendo características sociodemográficas, ambientais e sanitárias da população no município de Lajes Pintadas e na área residencial de uma mineradora em Currais Novos. Neste estudo, reportam-se diferenças significativas nos estilos de vida, ocupação e perfil sanitário incluindo ocorrência de má formação genética, aborto e câncer entre outros. Além disso, foi observado um perfil diferencial na percepção ambiental dos cenários estudados. Os resultados alcançados demostram a existência de fatores que diferenciam, ao menos em parte, a contribuição do cenário ambiental na percepção dos moradores salientando a relevância de aspectos socioeconômicos e culturais.

A informação pública, garantida por lei no Brasil, é base para a geração de conhecimento adaptativo em situações adversas, como a extrema vulnerabilidade socioambiental e seus impactos na saúde humana. O presente artigo avalia a transparência da informação pública nas áreas de saúde humana (com foco no Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS), mudanças produtivas (uso do solo) e mudanças climáticas (chuva e temperatura), utilizando dados de 5.570 municípios brasileiros, ao longo dos últimos 20 anos. A experiência da construção de uma base nacional de dados (Data Lake) a partir de informações disponibilizadas em bases públicas (ou público-privadas) – DATASUS, MapBiomas, Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet) e Hidroweb da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) – confimou que, na prática, a acessibilidade da informação pública no Brasil apresenta entraves importantes. Incluímos recomendações sobre como ela pode ser aprimorada para tornar os direitos de acesso à informação uma realidade mais concreta para o cidadão brasileiro.

The sanitary management of the production systems is carried out with the addition of antibiotics (GPA) in the food. However, these practices have increased resistance problems on the part of pathogenic bacteria. From this, the effect of the supply of L. casei on the productive parameters and gastrointestinal region of this species was evaluated. The research was carried out in the facilities and laboratories of the University of Nariño. Zootechnical parameters, blood count, blood chemistry and coprological analysis were determined. Similarly, histology and immune-histochemistry of the small intestine of the animals was performed. It was found that the bacterial supply showed productive parameters similar to those obtained with the control treatments. The results for blood and urine chemistry showed variations in reference data, however, it should be taken into account that the animals used for the evaluation have a difference in handling, given that the majority of reports are in animals of laboratory and few in production systems. In addition, there was a decrease in the presence of gastrointestinal lesions of animals with a supply of L. casei. The results demonstrated the viability of the supply of L. casei in guinea pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyfluthrin (CAS 68359-37-5) is a pyrethroid insecticide with application in the agricultural environment and as a wood preservative. The physical-chemical aspects point to the risk of cyfluthrin consumption, since it displays low solubility (6,6×10-3 mg L-1), low volatility (Kh = 5,30×10-2 Pa m3 mol-1) and high tendency to bioaccumulation (Kow = 6,0). Giving evidence for the importance of a critical review of its toxicological characteristics comparing them to the current legislation. The results obtained for the Potability Criteria were 0.06 mg L-1, the Aquatic Life Protection criterion was 0,133 ng L-1, it presents a high risk and, according to GHS, cyfluthrin constitutes Category 1 of acute toxicity. Its use is legalized in many countries and its occurrence in water is evidenced through studies, however, cyfluthrin is not nationally regulated for water for human consumption and maintenance of aquatic life, yet its partial restriction should be considered and included in the current legislation, due to its great toxic potential to aquatic beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grape juice is a product widely consumed for its nutritional characteristics and presence of phenolic compounds, which have important antioxidant activity. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic compounds content of different types of grape juice and nectars, found in commerce in two cities in Rio Grande do Sul. We selected 17 red grape juices, 6 white grape juices and 4 nectars, representing all the samples found in markets of the two cities. The antioxidant activity was determined by the free radical scavenging ability using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, and content the of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. For comparative analysis of the data, variance analysis and Students t-test for independent samples were applied. The antioxidant activity ranged from 50.14 to 97.38% and the TPC ranged from 143.83 to 1111.83 mgEAG/mL. The highest antioxidant activity was found in red juices, followed by white juices and nectars. The highest values of TPC were found in red juices, followed by nectars and white juices. This study contributes to the knowledge about TPC and biological activity of juices produced in the Northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The knowledge of the areas of risk to socio-environmental human leptospirosis can assist in the process of decision-making by managers. The quantification and mapping of this risk by means of a synthetic index enables an integrated analysis of the issue. Thus, this research aims to propose and evaluate a methodology for mapping of the risk to environmental human leptospirosis, by means of a synthetic index that considers the vulnerabilities and exposure to disease. The proposal has been applied in the Urban Agglomeration Metropolitan of Curitiba, aiming to present an analysis at the level of disaggregation intra and intrametropolitan, considering a scenario from 2007 to 2013. We used statistical techniques associated with the mapping of synthesis (multicriteria analysis, maps algebra, calculation of incidence and matrix crossroad), which culminated in the following results: 1) the methodology has proven effective for synthesizing a large number of data, which allowed to reduce complex phenomena of inter-relationships in simple messages and, 2) the greatest risk indexes socio-environmental are located both in peripheral regions, especially in the areas of conurbation, but also in regions near the center, representing pockets of poverty, especially in the city of Curitiba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing amounts of heavy metals entering aquatic environments can result in high accumulation levels of these contaminants in fish and their consumers, which pose a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. We investigated the concentrations of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) in muscle, liver, and spleen tissues of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans specimens collected from two sites on the Paraopeba River, Brazil. The level of heavy metals concentrations in the tissues was often higher in viscera (i.e. liver and spleen) than in muscle, and thus, the viscera should not be considered for human consumption. Correlations between metal concentrations and fish size were not significant. Although the levels of muscle bioaccumulation of Hg, Cd, Zn, Cr, and Pb, generally do not exceed the safe levels for human consumption, the constant presence of heavy metals in concentrations near those limits considered safe for human consumption, is a reason for concern, and populations who constantly consume fish from polluted rivers should be warned. Our findings also indicate that in a river network where certain areas are connected to other areas with high rates of environmental pollutants, people should be cautious about the regular consumption of fish, even when the fish consumed are caught in stretches of the basin where contamination levels are considered low, since many of the freshwater fish with high commercial value, such as the catfish surubim, are migratory.

O rompimento da Barragem de Fundão, ocorrido em 05/11/2015, lançou no ambiente trinta e cinco milhões de m³ de rejeitos de mineração de ferro, afetando a qualidade da água devido ao volume de sólidos em suspensão. Considerando a importância do cuidado à saúde, este artigo utiliza séries temporais sobre concentrações de metais tóxicos nas águas do Rio Doce nos períodos anterior e posterior ao acidente, identificando as concentrações de metais em função do distanciamento temporal da ocorrência do desastre. Embora tenham sido identificados períodos de maior e menor toxicidade, os resultados apontam para um rápido retorno aos parâmetros de metais dissolvidos na água anteriores ao desastre, os quais já se encontravam acima dos limites legais estabelecidos. Devido aos possíveis agravos à saúde e à necessidade de se garantir a dessedentação sem risco, o monitoramento das concentrações destes metais deve continuar objeto de atenção no processo convencional de tratamento de água.

Introdução: O feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é um alimento amplamente utilizado na culinária nacional e internacional. Objetivo: Verificar as propriedades do feijão no emagrecimento. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura. Resultados: Recentemente, estudos têm apontado para a propriedade de aumento de saciedade e, com isso, diminuição do peso corporal, em animais e humanos que consumiam a farinha do feijão branco, devido ao seu alto poder de fibras, proteínas e a capacidade de inibição da alfa-amilase. Conclusão: Há necessidade de maiores estudos para a melhor compreensão das propriedades antiobesidade do feijão branco. ABSTRACT Effects of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in weight loss Introduction: The usual bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a food widely used in brasilian cuisine. Aim: To investigate the properties of the beans in weight loss. Method: an integrative literature review. Results: Recent studies have pointed to the property to increase satiety and thereby decrease in body weight in animals and humans who consumed white bean flour, due to its high fiber, protein and the ability to inhibit alpha-amylase. Conclusion: There is need for further studies to better understand the obesity counter effects properties of white beans.

Since ancient times, wine has been used in medicinal practices. Studies indicate that it is the combination of alcohol and polyphenolic compounds present in wine that confers this many benefits on human health. Moderate consumption of wine can protect against cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, certain cancers, type 2 diabetes, neurological disorders and metabolic syndrome. However, its exacerbated intake, as well as many other alcoholic beverages, is related to the onset or aggravation of diseases such as cirrhosis, mental disorders, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, ethanolic intoxication and cancer, in addition to being highlighted as the cause of various social problems, such as violence, traffic accidents and death. In view of the above, this article was prepared to elucidate the benefits and harms of wine consumption and to identify what would be the ideal daily dose recommended. At the end of this study, it was observed that the human health effects of wine consumption, whether good or bad, as well as the optimum daily dose, are related to several factors, such as the quality of the wine, quantity ingested and person's biotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermittent fasting is a practice of alternating periods of fasting with feeding periods, and is increasingly popular in research involving nutrition and human health. This food strategy has shown innumerable benefits to human health by preventing and improve various chronic noncommunicable diseases, thereby improving health and longevity. The objective of the study was to investigate the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting on human health through a literature review, with the research of international scientific articles in the Pubmed database. Scientific evidence has shown that intermittent fasting and its physiological mechanisms are a potential non-pharmacological intervention for improving overall health, promoting healthy aging, participating in health promotion and recovery, but more comprehensive studies are needed including individuals from all age groups, especially those investigating the long-term effects of this practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os riscos potenciais à saúde humana associados à presença de elementos traços (Ba, B, Ni, Hg, Zn, Mg, Ca, K, P, Na, Cl-, F-) e patógenos fecais foram avaliados em 12 poços de captação de água subterrânea em Capitão Gervásio de Oliveira, Piauí. A metodologia de avaliação de risco à saúde humana proposta pela Agência Americana de Proteção Ambiental foi utilizada para a estimativa numérica dos riscos relacionados à exposição ambiental por Ni, Hg, Zn, B e Ba. A determinação dos coliformes totais e de Escherichia coli foi realizada com o emprego do método Colilert. Todas as concentrações obtidas foram comparadas aos padrões de qualidade recomendados pela legislação brasileira. Os resultados mostraram que os teores da maior parte dos elementos estudados estão abaixo dos valores máximos estipulados pela legislação, com exceção do Hg, Ni e Cl-. Todos os poços estudados mostram águas inapropriadas para o consumo humano quando se considera a contaminação por coliformes. Ainda, a estimativa numérica do risco total à saúde humana indicou que o Ni e o Hg são os metais que mais efetivamente participam do acréscimo de perigo, devendo ser priorizados em ações que decresçam os teores desses metais-traço nas águas consumidas pela população.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo calcular e analisar as séries históricas mensais do Índice de Calor (IC) para Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, no período de 1968 a 2011. As variáveis meteorológicas utilizadas neste trabalho foram pressão atmosférica, temperatura do bulbo seco e temperatura do bulbo úmido, no horário das 9h (12UTC), 15h (18UTC) e 21h (00UTC). Foi realizada análise de tendência das séries históricas para o valor absoluto e a média mensais do IC através do teste de Mann-Kendall e análise de regressão linear simples para quantificar a tendência, com nível de significância de 95% (α=0,05). Para o valor máximo, no horário das 15h (18UTC), as séries históricas para os meses de janeiro e abril apresentaram acréscimo no valor do índice de calor na magnitude de 0,76°C década-1 e 0,92°C década-1, respectivamente. No horário das 21h (00 UTC), os meses de abril e novembro apresentaram aumento de 0,43°C década-1 e 0,55°C década-1, respectivamente. Porém os meses de maio e agosto apresentaram diminuição de 0,69°C década-1 e 0,31°C década-1, respectivamente.

A atividade garimpeira integra as atividades de mineração, contudo sua existência leva à ocorrência de impactos no ambiente, além de envolver a questão social de maneira mais evidente. Esta pesquisa investiga a questão garimpeira pela ótica de seus passivos ambientais, determinando a concentração de mercúrio nos sedimentos da barragem e na pilha de rejeitos de um garimpo localizado no município de Monte Alegre de Goiás (GO). Para a determinação da salubridade da área, foram realizadas análises multielementares de sedimentos e análises físico-químicas nas águas presentes no garimpo em questão. Os resultados indicam locais nos quais o monitoramento deve ser frequente e apontam uma área que deve ser isolada, dada a possibilidade de contaminação. Observa-se ainda a necessidade de realização de estudos nas áreas vizinhas com o objetivo de determinar se há condições ambientais similares.