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Na atualidade, a visão que se tem sobre o campo é majoritariamente embasada pela produção artística (música, filmes, novelas). Em seu processo histórico, as raízes dos fenômenos que formaram o espaço da cultura caipira foram “esquecidas”. O advento da organização espacial e territorial dos centros urbanos, no século XX, evidenciou o êxodo rural de camponeses caipiras, impulsionando a introdução e aceitação da música sertaneja no espaço urbano. Puxada pela industria cultural, a música sertaneja passa ser retrato do que é o campo. Desta forma, o MST produz resistência frente a esse modelo de cultura para o campo. Este artigo busca apresentar como as diferenças na forma de conceber o território pelos agentes sociais, junto das forças do capital no espaço urbano e no espaço campesino, provocaram mudanças da cultura caipira para a cultura sertaneja. Tendo como cenário a região sudeste do Brasil, início do século XX até o final dele, é exemplificado, nas mudanças urbanas e sociais, os motivos para a concepção distorcida da cultura caipira e sua influência na forma de compreensão do território campesino. Considerou-se a pesquisa qualitativa e a revisão bibliográfica os estudos para estruturação da temática.

This paper aims to understand the schooling / (dis) qualification of workers in the countryside and the city, with the arrival of agro-industrial complex in the western region of Santa Catarina, from the formal education of youth and adult, dedicated to training simple and part of the workers. The region has a dependent relationship with large agricultural industries, like Brazil Foods (BRF), Aurora and diplomat Industrial e Comercial Ltda. Using this approach, workers of the countryside and the city, experience a dialectical relationship of (dis) qualifications, opposite the agroindustrial capital. The reported text using the method of dialectical materialism, in which capital and labor are not separate but united dialectically in capitalist production. The study area comprises the town of Xaxim in the west of Santa Catarina, characterized by the presence of an agribusiness of birds, as well as significant trade and services sector, aimed to serve mostly the needs of the agro-industrial capital.

Acetaminophen and caffeine, popular therapeutic substances used to relieve pain or alleviate the symptoms of cold. The aims of the study were the comparison of granules, in terms of dissolution rate and moreover the development of spectrophotometric method to the simultaneous determination of both active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in granules. The granules were tested by two pharmacopoeial methods of dissolution for solid dosage forms, and the dissolution profiles for each formulation were compared. A method of simultaneous determination of two medicinal substances by the double calibration method using derivative spectrophotometry was used. Considering the dissolution process carried out in the paddle apparatus, it was shown that more than 80% of acetaminophen and caffeine were released from each of the preparations in a clearly shorter time than 10 minutes. Carrying out the basket test, substances dissolved gradually, much slower than in the paddle method. The time required to release 80% of both active substances from majority of tested preparations was from 30 to 45 minutes. Application of the first derivative spectrophotometric method allows simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and caffeine in the mixture, without the need to separate them first.

Gastric lipomatosis is a condition characterized by the presence of multiple lipomas or diffuse mature adipose tissue infiltration within the gastric wall. The diffuse form is thought to be an extremely rare, with only few described cases. The lesion may be asymptomatic or associated with symptoms and signs depending on location and size. Treatment depends on clinical presentation, range and complications. In a symptomatic disease, it should be surgical, but conservative treatment is preferred for asymptomatic and solitary lesions. Among diagnostic methods, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are thought to be the most valuable.

Regional development proposed by the Bloc Mercosur Economic international politics, increased the movement in the Triple Frontier (BR, AR and PY) of properties, services and people. Relations between Brazil and Paraguay has intensified. These relations define the immigrants as subjects with full right of each side of the frontier, but they (relations) can also act on the perversity of hybrid culture immigrants and minority, by the invisibility of their intermediate situation and not provided or established legally. This article studies the braziguayan student movement from 2002 to 2011 in four public schools located in Santa Terezinha de Itaipu, the border region of the Triple Frontier. Through self-report form, the analysis of these students charts, mobility is evident, the invisibility created by the regional development. It is Faced that these strategies (mobility, invisibility) are used by the immigrant as a tactic of survival on the frontier.

Caffeine increases the analgesic properties of acetaminophen and therefore it is reasonable to use both substances together in one drug form in stronger pain. Currently, there are no commercially available pharmaceutical combination products containing acetaminophen and caffeine, which is present as granules. The aim of the study was to obtain twelve different granules with these therapeutic substances and determine the effect of various excipients on the quality of the drug form. All the granules were made by wet granulation. Two types of binders were used: polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) as well as different types of fillers. The physical properties of granules were assessed in accordance to the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia 8th ed. The highest apparent density was found in preparations containing calcium hydrophosphate (0.609 g/mL) and the lowest – containing mannitol (0.353 g/mL) as a filler. The Hausner ratio of most prepared granules ranged from 1.05 to 1.11, while the compressibility index ranged from 4.59 to 10.48%. The evaluation of properties of individual granules helped to indicate formulation with good features, which perhaps will be a good alternative to currently available painkillers with caffeine and acetaminophen.

This paper intends to point out the possibility of using Internet photogrammetry to construct 3D models from the images obtained by means of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). The solutions may be useful for the inspection of ports as to the content of cargo, transport safety or the assessment of the technical infrastructure of port and quays. The solution can be a complement to measurements made by using laser scanning and traditional surveying methods. In this paper the authors recommend a solution useful for creating 3D models from images acquired by the UAV using non-metric images from digital cameras. The developed algorithms, created and presented software allows to generate 3D models through the Internet in two modes: anaglyph and display in shutter systems. The problem of 3D image generation in photogrammetry is solved by using epipolar images. The appropriate method was presented by Kreiling in 1976. However, it applies to photogrammetric images for which the internal orientation is known. In the case of digital images obtained with non-metric cameras it is required to use another solution based on the fundamental matrix concept, introduced by Luong in 1992. In order to determine the matrix which defines the relationship between left and right digital image it is required to have at least eight homologous points. To determine the solution it is necessary to use the SVD (singular value decomposition). By using the fundamental matrix the epipolar lines are determined, which makes the correct orientation of images making stereo pairs, possible. The appropriate mathematical bases and illustrations are included in the publication.

O objetivo do texto é discutir o modelo de escolarização que vem sendo implementado na região Oeste de Santa Catarina e como o mesmo tem levado/conduzido a um processo de (des)qualificação dos trabalhadores do campo e da cidade, com a chegada dos complexos agroindustriais na região, a partir da educação formal de jovens e adultos, voltada para a formação simples e parcial dos trabalhadores. A região tem como base a dependência de grandes grupos econômicos agroindustriais, como a Brasil Foods (BRF), a Aurora e a Diplomata Industrial e Comercial Ltda., que dominam o setor de carnes de aves/suínos e seus derivados. Na relação dialética entre o campo, a cidade e a agroindústria, os trabalhadores vêm constantemente se qualificando/desqualificando para atender aos interesses da produção e reprodução do capital impostos pelos complexos agroindustriais. Ao se qualificar/desqualificar, o trabalhador vive um processo contraditório e de confronto nas relações sociais de produção capitalistas. O capital, ao mesmo tempo em que exige maior escolarização do proletário, contraditoriamente simplifica as atividades no interior da indústria, desenvolvendo a “pedagogia capitalista” das habilidades e competências, pois expropria o saber nas relações de trabalho e internaliza as formas de produção estranhadas/alienadas. Assim, o trabalhador amplia a escolarização formal, porém permanece nas condições assalariadas da agroindústria, que busca constantemente capturar a subjetividade para o consenso das formas de produção capitalistas, envolvendo o proletário na trama das relações de controle e domínio. O estudo aqui relatado se utiliza do método do materialismo dialético, segundo o qual capital e trabalho não estão separados, mas unidos dialeticamente no processo produtivo. A área de estudo compreende o município de Xaxim, no Oeste Catarinense, caracterizado pela presença de grandes grupos agroindustriais, além de um significativo setor de comércio e serviços, voltado para atender, majoritariamente, as mencionadas agroindústrias.

A case of a 59-year-old male patient with gastric neuroendocrine tumor which was misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma, is presented. Herein, primary diagnosis was made due to the similarity of endoscopic pictures of both diseases and dues to the inappropriate interpretation of a small biopsy sample. The patient was qualified for endoscopic submucosal dissection. Microscopic examination of whole lesion, supplemented by immmunohistochemical reactions (chromogranin A, synaptophysin, cytokeratins 7 and 20, Ki67) revealed gastric neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G2.

Although the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) has been widely used for steel cutting for decades and there are hundreds of research papers or even books dealing with this technology, relatively little is known about the relation between the steel microstructure and the AWJ cutting efficiency. The steel microstructure can be significantly affected by heat treatment. Three different steel grades, carbon steel C45, micro-alloyed steel 37MnSi5 and low-alloy steel 30CrV9, were subjected to four different types of heat treatment: normalization annealing, soft annealing, quenching and quenching followed by tempering. Then, they were cut by an abrasive water jet, while identical cutting parameters were applied. The relations between the mechanical characteristics of heat-treated steels and the surface roughness parameters Ra, Rz and RSm were studied. A comparison of changes in the surface roughness parameters and Young modulus variation led to the conclusion that the modulus was not significantly responsible for the surface roughness. The changes of RSm did not prove any correlation to either the mechanical characteristics or the visible microstructure dimensions. The homogeneity of the steel microstructure appeared to be the most important factor for the cutting quality; the higher the difference in the hardness of the structural components in the inhomogeneous microstructure was, the higher were the roughness values. A more complex measurement and critical evaluation of the declination angle measurement compared to the surface roughness measurement are planned in future research.

No artigo abordou-se as Mídias no contexto das reflexões realizadas na dissertação de mestrado intitulada: “Sentidos e significados das Mídias para alunos e professores de Geografia: estudo dos aspectos didático-pedagógicos do uso das Mídias nos municípios limítrofes de Nova Santa Rosa-PR/2015-2016” e fundamentou-se com dados do trabalho de Conclusão de Curso em Geografia, intitulado: “Análise do discurso da mídia para alunos e professores de Geografia em Nova Santa Rosa-PR/2013”. Os estudos foram realizadas no período de 2013-2017. Os dados analisados são de professores e alunos do 9º ano de duas escolas públicas, uma situa-se no campo e a outra na sede. O objetivo visou interpretar o conceito de Mídias definido pelos professores e alunos. Através do método dialético foram realizadas análises na pesquisa quantitativa/qualitativa, que contou com a aplicação de questionários aos participantes. Contudo, os professores utilizam as Mídias como recursos nas aulas e necessitam analisar mais seus discursos. No geral, ambos definem as Mídias como um conjunto de meios de comunicação em massa.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados parciais do projeto de Iniciação Científica Voluntária intitulado: “A percepção da fronteira dos docentes e discentes em colégios públicos de Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR (2016/2017)”, vinculado ao Laboratório de Ensino de Geografia (LEG) e Grupo de Pesquisa Ensino e Práticas de Geografia (ENGEO) da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE). Pretende-se discutir a forma como os professores de Geografia do Colégio Estadual Antônio Maximiliano Ceretta, Colégio Estadual do Campo Nilso Franceski e Escola Estadual do Campo Porto Mendes de Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR representam a fronteira em desenho. Os professores expressaram, além do conceito, as concepções que possuem e agregam ao espaço que estão inseridos: a fronteira internacional entre Brasil e Paraguai. Acredita-se que essas percepções influenciam na construção do conceito de fronteira dos alunos em sala de aula. Para realização do trabalho, utilizou-se os questionários abertos respondidos por cinco professores de Geografia dos estabelecimentos de ensino participantes da pesquisa. Eles representaram a fronteira em desenho, responderam o que sentiram ao desenhar e o significado da sua representação. Contudo, os professores desenharam a fronteira como limite entre duas realidades distintas, agregando sentidos e significados do seu cotidiano.

Caffeine is well known alkaloid chemical compound belonging to the methyl-xanthines group. It is an active substance that is found in many cosmetic products, as it has a stimulating action on both the central nervous system and the metabolism. Commercially available topical formulations normally contain 3% of caffeine and 7% anticellulite products.

Unusual expression of interleukin-1alpha, -1beta and -6 was previously found in the epiphyseal cartilage of rat fetuses prenatally exposed to various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID, i.e., ibuprofen, piroxicam, tolmetin) and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (DFU). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of placenta in such phenomenon. Morphology of the organ, thickness of basal and labyrinth layer, immunoexpression of COX isoenzymes were examined, and confronted with maternal biochemical data and fetal developmental parameters. Higher maternal urea level, as well as lower placental weight and labyrinth thickness were found in the group of fetuses who revealed expression of genes coded the selected interleukins, when compared with the xenobiotic-exposed pups without the selected genes expression and untreated control. A significant correlation between placental weight and maternal total protein or urea level was revealed. Histological changes like inflammatory infiltration and calcification were observed sporadically. Location and intensity of COX-1 staining was similar in all cases. However, more intense COX-2 staining for majority of cells of the basal zone and in dispersed giant cells of the labyrinth was found in inflamed organs. It could be concluded that abnormal expression of the selected interleukins is associated with low placental weight and decrease of its thickness, especially labyrinth zone, as well as with high maternal urea level.

Littoral cell angioma is a rare primary, vascular tumor thought to originate from the endothelial cells lining the sinuses of the splenic red pulp (the “littoral cells”). It is a benign, usually asymptomatic lesion diagnosed incidentally. Ultrasound and tomography appearance is not characteristic and histopathological examination is required. This work provides a case-study of littoral cell angioma which was seen in a 55-year-old female who complained of non-specific upper abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed multiple hypo-attenuated splenic lesions suggestive for metastasis. A splenectomy was performed and routine microscopic examination supported by immunohistochemistry reactions with CD68, CD34 and CD31 showed littoral cell angioma.