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Bio-yogurts are obtained from milk of various ruminant species (most often cow and goat) and are a rich source of a variety of valuable nutritional compounds and probiotic microorganisms. The objective of the study was to assess the quality of fermented goat's and cow's milk containing probiotic monocultures during refrigerated storage (5±1°C). Bio-yogurts were produced from raw material obtained from Saanen goats and Holstein Friesian Black and White cows, both kept on the organics farms. Four experimental products were produced: two from goat's milk: KBJ-L811 (with the YE-L811 yogurt starter culture and probiotics: L. acidophilus LA-5 and B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12) and KBJ-X16 (the YC-X16 yogurt culture, LA-5 and BB-12) and two analogical cow's milk variants: BJ-L811 and BJ-X16. The products underwent microbiological, physicochemical, textural and sensory evaluation. The study confirmed that the activity of yogurt and probiotic cultures in goat's and cow's products was similar. In the case of yogurt cultures, their viability was min. 8 log (cfu/g). The count of probiotic bacteria was 7.7-8.4 log (cfu/g) for Bifidobacterium sp. and 5.9-7.4 log (cfu/g) for L. acidophilus. Although the yogurt cultures did not differ in their composition of bacteria species, the resulting products showed varied quality properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is considered as a major pathogen in dogs, typically involved in skin and ear infections. Other staphylococci, as well as ß-hemolytic streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or yeast-like fungi of the genus Malassezia also play an important role in inflammation. Because of this diversity, an appropriate choice of antimicrobial agent(-s) can be difficult. A total of 474 tests were performed (including 255 pyoderma and 219 otitis externa cases). In the case of pyoderma, 82.4% of skin lesions were caused by stap hylococci. Co-infections with ß-hemolytic streptococci (17.3 %), Malassezia sp. (15.7 %) and P. aeruginosa (4.3 %) were also recorded. For external ear infections, the share of staphylococci in inflammation was lower (44.8 %) than that of Malassezia sp. (58 %). Relatively frequent co-infections with ß-hemolytic streptococci (18.8 %) and P. aeruginosa (7.8 %) were also noted. A total of 308 susceptibility tests for coagulase-positive staphylococci were performed (210 and 98 for skin and otitis externa, respectively). In ≥ 86 % of cases, amoxicillin potentiated with clavulanic acid, cephalexin and fluoroquinolones effectively inhibited the growth of all bacteria in vitro. A total of 25 isolates (24 S. pseudintermedius and one S. aureus) were considered as methicillin-resistant. The mecA gene was identified in 100 % of those strains but only 44 % of the isolates additionally carried the blaZ gene. All mecA-positive staphylococci were multidrugresistant, mainly to all ß-lactams, fluoroquinolones, linkozamides, macrolides as well as sulfonamides but always susceptible to mupirocin. Overall, multidrug-resistance varied between 6 % (otitis externa) and 9 % (inflamed skin) and may become a significant problem in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]