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Background: Despite the existence of physical activity policies across many countries, insufficient physical activity remains a major global public health problem. Physical inactivity is an emergent feature of complex systems; it results from a wide range of factors at multiple levels that interact to influence behavior. Traditional approaches to public policy often fail within complex systems, largely due to unpredictability in how the system will respond. Adaptive policies, which are designed to allow for uncertainty about future system behavior and to change over time, may offer a promising solution. In this paper, we introduce the concept of adaptive policies and illustrate how this innovative approach to policy making may be beneficial for reducing physical inactivity. Design: Drawing on existing literature and guiding principles for policy making, we provide 3 examples to illustrate how the concept of adaptive policies can be applied to address physical inactivity. Discussion: The examples illustrate how changes to the way policies and interventions are developed, implemented, and evaluated could help to overcome some of the limitations in existing practices. A key challenge will be engaging policymakers to take a broader perspective of the physical activity system, develop policies that are designed to be adaptable across a range of different future scenarios, and embrace uncertainty and long-term adaptability. Conclusion: Adaptive policies may support decision makers globally to achieve the widespread and sustained changes necessary to increase population levels of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercializing technological innovations is a strategic goal in entrepreneurial ventures and established firms. A fundamental decision that remains understudied in this context is the form in which the innovation is to be commercialized. The authors term this decision the firm's "product-form strategy" for the innovation. In Study 1, they employ a theories-in-use approach and, using in-depth interviews and field observations with technology entrepreneurs and angel investors, develop a theory of product-form strategy—to market the innovation as know-how, a component, or a system—and identify the primary drivers of this choice. The theory is tested using a multimethod, multicontext approach. In Study 2, the authors use proprietary investment proposals generated by entrepreneurial ventures when they seek support from angel investors. In Study 3, they test the theory using video transcriptions of technology proposals from the television show Shark Tank. In Study 4, the authors assess the internal validity of the theory with active angel investors as subjects. They find consistent support for their theory and conclude with implications for theory and managerial practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells metabolize glucose to organism-specific by-products instead of fully oxidizing it to carbon dioxide and water--a phenomenon referred to as the Warburg Effect. The benefit to a cell is not fully understood, given that partial metabolism of glucose yields an order of magnitude less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) per molecule of glucose than complete oxidation. Here, we test a previously formulated hypothesis that the benefit of the Warburg Effect is to increase ATP production rate by switching from high-yielding respiration to faster glycolysis when excess glucose is available and respiration rate becomes limited by proteome occupancy. We show that glycolysis produces ATP faster per gram of pathway protein than respiration in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and mammalian cells. We then develop a simple mathematical model of energy metabolism that uses five experimentally estimated parameters and show that this model can accurately predict absolute rates of glycolysis and respiration in all three organisms under diverse conditions, providing strong support for the validity of the ATP production rate maximization hypothesis. In addition, our measurements show that mammalian respiration produces ATP up to 10-fold slower than respiration in E. coli or S. cerevisiae, suggesting that the ATP production rate per gram of pathway protein is a highly evolvable trait that is heavily optimized in microbes. We also find that E. coli respiration is faster than fermentation, explaining the observation that E. coli, unlike S. cerevisiae or mammalian cells, never switch to pure fermentation in the presence of oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare provider leadership programs represent an intervention opportunity to support advancement of the national system of care and an evaluation of their program impacts is needed. Between 2016 and 2023, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) funded Clinical Scholars (CS), a three-year equity-centered leadership training program for US healthcare providers. CS recruited participants (referred to as Fellows) in cohorts and engaged them as members of interprofessional teams to transform their careers and the health of their communities. The aim of this study was to evaluate Fellows' perspectives on the success of CS, specifically the program elements and their importance for community well-being and sustainability. Methods: We used the mixed methods group concept mapping (GCM) approach to evaluate Fellows' perspectives on program success. First, we conducted the qualitative phases of brainstorming, sorting, and rating with Fellows. Secondly, we conducted the quantitative phases using multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis and integrated the sorting and rating information from each Fellow to develop a series of concept maps. Finally, we conducted the interpretation phase to synthesize findings. Fellows (N = 177) across five cohorts were invited to participate in the study. Results: Fifty-seven Fellows (32%) completed one or more GCM phases. A conceptual map emerged, consisting of seven thematic clusters, which showed that program value could be attributed to the following elements: "Resources", "Wicked Problem Impact Project (WPIP) Support", "Curriculum", "Thinking Bigger", "Leadership Training", "Networking", and "Teamwork." The pattern match showed that all seven clusters were highly rated by Fellows across the Community Well-being Impact and Sustainability domains. Conclusion: Study findings support the value of the RWJF-CS program strategy of long-term investment in the development of healthcare leaders with applied skills in interprofessional collaboration who will be prepared to continue addressing complex, multi-faceted challenges in the system of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regulatory processes can be stressful, anxiety provoking, and complicated for the health professional involved, the institutions they work for, and for the regulators. Methods: This paper uses a case study to describe a systems approach to comprehensively identify the agents (ie: the complainant, the health professional concerned, the regulator dedicated to the case, the institution, the healthcare profession, the public, and the regulatory authority) and 6 ethical issues that emerge during the regulatory process: potential to cause harm, not in the best interest of a person, affects autonomy, unjust, not truthful, and loss of trust. Results: A systems approach lends to a mental model in which there are dynamic interactions across these elements accompanied by positive and negative feedback loops that maintain overall stability of the whole system. Conclusions: The process can be further refined and kinder to those concerned by developing a sensitive approach to improve assessment of risks, using feedback to improve the regulatory process, adapting transparent procedures, not causing undue delays to the process, embedding regulatory activities in a patient safety system, minimizing individual blame, using non-legalistic, non-threatening and respectful communications, and directing the different actors to a support network for guidance and advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the autism field, there is increasing interest in translating evidence-based interventions (EBIs) into systems that serve young autistic children and their families. Public Early Intervention systems have been a focal point of research-based implementation efforts given that these systems are federally mandated to provide services to children birth to three years of age with developmental delays under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Although a growing number of research studies are now training Early Intervention providers to deliver autism EBIs, this work has been conducted on a relatively small scale and has only just begun to consider the alignment of these models with Early Intervention systems and whether sufficient infrastructure exists to scale up these training efforts and to sustain their public health impact. This commentary aims to address this gap by reviewing factors that have been found to uniformly impact the scale-up of EBIs across diverse public systems (Fagan 20, 1147–1168, 2019), and to extend this framework to the implementation of EBIs within public Early Intervention systems. These factors include developer and funder capacity, the public's awareness of and support for EBIs, the system's leadership support for EBI use, the capacity for community engagement in implementation efforts, the availability of a skilled workforce capable of delivering EBIs, and the capacity for data monitoring and quality improvement. This commentary discusses how these factors may specifically impact the scale-up of autism EBIs within EI systems to support toddlers and young, autistic children, and implications for autism researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Traditional healthcare systems have suffered from different data communication, security, data processing, and compliance issues. The traditional systems are also not well equipped to handle the new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) by enabling more accurate diagnostics, personalized treatment plans, and improved patient outcomes. The existing data communication and security protocols and compliance are also not fully implemented to tackle the system's challenges. This article proposes a Tri‐Tier architecture by using data communication, AI data generative, and regulation and compliance tiers. The data communication tier is based on advanced sensing and monitoring technologies like cloud and edge‐based systems integrated with security detection mechanisms. The edge and cloud layer provides the all functions of the perception layer like smart sensing, visual sensing, and monitoring services, and can control the device's perception and behaviour. The second tier provides the AI data generative functionalities to handle real‐time synthetic medical images for predictive analytics to enhance patient care. This tier also automates routine tasks, such as administrative work and data analysis, which can free up healthcare professionals to focus on more complex tasks. The last regulation and compliance tier is responsible for handling the standards and compliance for healthcare systems. Experiments are conducted to test the data communication and security level of the proposed architecture. The results showed the suitability of existing solutions and synchronization with the proposed architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Addressing the upstream social determinants of health (e.g. built environment, education) can reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases. To do so effectively often requires system-wide collaboration. However, collaborating across multiple sectors, organizations and disciplines within a complex system can be challenging. ActEarly was a public health research consortium that aimed to improve child health by building an interdisciplinary, cross-city partnership to develop and/or evaluate upstream interventions, increase research capacity and improve collaboration between researchers, local authorities and communities. This paper explores ActEarly's experiences of navigating complexity to identify mechanisms that supported its implementation and proposes recommendations for future intersectoral and interdisciplinary population health research collaborations. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study of ActEarly, integrating findings from inductive documentary analysis of internal documents (mainly meetings minutes and reports) (n = 114) and interviews (n = 70) with 45 consortium members at three different timepoints (2018, 2021, 2023). Participants worked across different organizations, cities, roles and levels of seniority in the consortium. Findings: Clarity, Unity, Flexibility and Feasibility were seen as the key mechanisms required to support ActEarly's implementation. Clear aims, governance structures and communication were necessary to manage the uncertainty of the complex system. A unified approach, characterized by strong relationships, having a shared vision and communal access to resources supported effective collaboration. Flexibility was required to adjust to different ways of working, respond to wider system events and manage the consortium. Establishing feasible aims that responded to the limitations of the system, the available resources and research infrastructure was required for teams to deliver the work. Conclusions: Implementing multi-faceted programmes in a complex system can be challenging. We recommend that future whole-systems consortia seeking to improve population health build Clarity, Unity, Flexibility and Feasibility into their programmes, noting the complex interrelationships between these factors. Iterative reflections from all parties should support delivery amidst the uncertainty that comes with running a population health research collaboration, and strong leadership and governance should play a key role in ensuring that these are built into foundations the programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake recurrence intervals, surface-rupture extents, and interactions between faults provide insight into how faults behave and are critical for seismic hazard mitigation and earthquake forecasting. Investigating the paleoseismology of spatially related faults can reveal strain distribution and whether faults rupture as a system or independently. Summer Lake basin, a graben in the northwestern Basin and Range with four active faults (three of which have prior paleoseismic investigations), provides an opportunity to investigate fault interactions. To expand the paleoseismic record, two trenches were excavated across the previously undocumented Thousand Springs fault, exposing a normal fault zone that offsets a sequence of deep- to shallow-water lake sediments, sand dunes containing reworked Mazama ash, and other Cascades-sourced tephra. Tephra units were correlated to known units by their physical characteristics, stratigraphic sequence, glass chemistry, and two new radiocarbon dates from the uppermost lake sediments. Using trench exposures, measured vertical separations through auguring, colluvial wedges, and extrapolated offsets based on a constant sedimentation rate, we identified at least five surface-rupturing earthquakes with a total offset of 3.4 + 2/-1 m in the past ~65 ka. The oldest event (EH5) occurred at 63.8 ± 1.5 ka, event horizon 4 at 36.2 ± 12.7 ka (which could be more than one event), and event horizon 3 at 24.6 ± 0.3 ka. Event horizon 2, a warping event at our site, is likely more than one event and occurred between 7.5 and 10 ka; and the most recent event (EH1+), most likely more than one event, occurred between 3.3 and 7.7 ka. Several events correlate, within error, with events on other faults in the Summer Lake basin, suggesting that (1) the faults generally rupture together as a system, (2) the most recent earthquake may have ruptured all faults in the region, and (3) fault rupture is influenced by the rapid regression of Lake Chewaucan (~13 ka). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we have estimated the coda Q (QC) and the geometrical spreading factor (gamma) for the Saurashtra region that is located in the western part of the Deccan Volcanic Province, Gujarat, India. The waveform data from the seismic network operated by the Institute of Seismological Research, Gandhinagar, are used for the analysis. We have used records of a total of 221 local earthquakes with epicentral distances less than 70 km from the seismic stations. The moment magnitude range of the earthquakes is 2.5-5.3, and the depth range is 1-22 km. The QC has been estimated at five central frequencies (1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 20 Hz) using 20, 30, and 40 s window lengths for vertical, north-south, and east-west components, respectively. The obtained QC values show that the attenuation in the region has a strong dependence on frequency and points toward a heterogeneous medium. The geometrical spreading factors are also estimated for two cases, that is, with and without Q at the same central frequencies and window lengths. The average geometrical spreading factors with Q are 1.37, 1.48, 1.40, 1.08, and 1.04, at central frequencies 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 20 Hz, respectively, whereas it is 1.59, 1.53, 1.47, 1.19, and 1.14, respectively, in the absence of Q. The estimated values also indicate that the medium is heterogeneous in the Saurashtra region. The estimated region-specific coda Q and the geometrical spreading factor may help in the modeling of strong ground motions and assessment of the seismic hazard for the Saurashtra region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IEEE Circuits and Systems (CAS) Society celebrates its 75th anniversary in 2024, showcasing its evolution from a Circuit Theory Group to a leading global technological force. This year, the Society introduces a commemorative logo that encapsulates its innovative spirit and a Promotion Toolkit to amplify the celebratory atmosphere across all chapters. The 75th CAS Society’s Global Celebration is set to engage members worldwide, with a virtual event on May 21st, 2024, featuring photo and video contests highlighting member creativity and experiences. The pinnacle of the celebration was at IEEE ISCAS 2024, where the 2nd Edition of “A Short History of Circuits and Systems” was launched, and contributions were recognized during the IEEE CAS Society Award ceremony. The Society, with 15,236 members and a strong global presence, continues to foster innovation and collaboration through its conferences, publications, and community programs, reflecting its commitment to advancing technology for the betterment of humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapidly changing world with a high degree of uncertainty in the context of climate change requires sustainable and resilient infrastructures, for which engineers are jointly responsible. For this purpose, engineering students need to acquire competencies such as dealing with complexity and uncertainty, systems thinking and anticipatory thinking, which are linked to resilience. However, research has shown that engineering education falls short of providing future professionals with these competencies. This case study aims to give a holistic view of a teaching approach to address these shortcomings in the context of problem- and case-based learning. Based on a pre-post survey and reflective diaries, students' perception of their competency development and their learning progress are analyzed and discussed, following a mixed-methods approach. Findings indicate that both perception of competencies related to systems resilience, such as analyzing scenarios and evaluating crisis approaches, and interpersonal competencies, such as communication and resolving conflicts have significantly improved during the course. At the same time, the former were less pronounced before the course and developed the most during the course. The results underline the need for fostering engineering students' ability to dealing with resilience issues in order to design resilient infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of authorship in the age of machine learning or artificial intelligence (AI) suggests a taxonomic system that places art objects along a spectrum in terms of authorship: from pure human creation, which draws directly from the interior world of affect, emotions and ideas, through to co-evolved works created with tools and collective production and finally to works that are largely devoid of human involvement. Human and machine production can be distinguished in terms of motivation, with human production being driven by consciousness and the processing of subjective experience and machinic production being driven by algorithms and the processing of data. However, the expansion of AI entangles the artist in ever more complex webs of production and dissemination, whereby the boundaries between the work of the artist and the work of the networked technologies are increasingly distributed and obscured. From this perspective, AI-generated works are not solely the products of an independent machinic agency but operate in the middle of the spectrum of authorship between human and machine, as they are the consequences of a highly distributed model of production that sit across the algorithms and the underlying information systems and data that support them and the artists who both contribute and extract value. This highly distributed state further transforms the role of the artist from the creator of objects containing aesthetic and conceptual potential to the translator and curator of such objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to analyze and understand mutual relationships between lean and agile enabling factors in the context of the construction domain and put forth the most driving and dependent enablers for a hybrid lean–agile system (HLAS). Design/methodology/approach: A threefold research flow is adopted. First, the content analysis of literature stemmed from the identification of preliminary enablers (n = 26). Second, a questionnaire survey (n = 101) is administered to downsize enablers to ten using the relative importance index. Further, in the third phase, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and the cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification analysis were performed amid the ten key enablers through pairwise interactions from subject matter experts (n = 19). Hierarchical representation of enablers has been presented, which facilitates a conceptual model for application in the construction industry. Findings: The ISM model demonstrates a three leveled classification structure that showcases direct and transitive relationships among various enablers. "Use of project management tools" is the driving enabler, followed by "collaborative and common data platform working" and "institution of team training" are critical enablers to HLAS adoption. Originality/value: A structured way of identification of interdependent among lean–agile is a vital unique contribution to this study. The results serve as a knowledge base for practical adoption of HLAS and may prove to be influential in developing a framework for easier adoption in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our research group dedicated its idea in developing and analyzing an algorithm for transforming integrated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) groups (IUGs) using visible light communication (VLC) technology. This innovative approach is designed to enhance UAV network coordination, addressing the complex challenges of communication within these networks. The primary issue addressed is the pressing need for advanced communication mechanisms within UAV networks to ensure efficient. This is a robust data transfer and complex coordination between UAVs. The existing systems lack the required adaptability and efficiency, leading to operational inefficiencies and reduced effectiveness in UAV applications. The main results of the study are concluded in the design and implementation of the conversion algorithm. Which provides efficient and reliable data transmission and sophisticated coordination between UAVs. Through careful mathematical modeling of UAV group dynamics and extensive MATLAB simulations, the study demonstrates the algorithm's ability to effectively control UAV formations. This method gives adaptability to different operational requirements and supports collision-free maneuvers. The algorithm's innovative design and the comprehensive approach adopted in the study, including the use of VLC technology and the integration of advanced restructuring methods, enable the effective resolution of the identified communication challenges within UAV networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this research were to create a topographic model using Mathematica and hydrologic model using ArcGIS for water management aimed at preventing forest fires in the Khuan Kreng peat swamp forest. Pan basin area in Kreng Sub-district, characterized by low mountains, where the Cha-Uat canal intersects the krajood forest, was revealed by the hydrographic model. Kreng Sub-district was traversed by three main streams: Khuan canal, Hua Pluak Chang canal, and Laem canal. Additionally, several tributary canals that interconnect, ultimately converging into the Cha-Uat Phraek Muang canal were identified. During the dry period, the water from these canals flowed into the Cha-Uat Phraek Muang canal. To mitigate the risk of fires, it was essential to install water table measuring devices and underground barrier gates at the drain points. This ensured the return of water from the Cha-Uat Phraek Muang canal to the Khuan Kreng peat swamp forest. Maintaining sufficient water table level was crucial, as the occurrence of fires was more likely when the water table dropped below the soil surface. When the swamp forest was adequately hydrated, wildfires were confined to a narrow area since they could only burn on the forest surface, which was easier to extinguish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we attempted to fit a trading system based on polynomial moving regression bands (MRB) to Nasdaq100 stocks from 2017 till the end of March 2024. Since stocks movement does not follow a linear behavior, we used multiple degree polynomial regression models to identify the stocks' trends and two standard deviations from the regression model to generate the trading signals. This way, the MRB was transformed into a momentum indicator designed to identify strong uptrends that can be used by a fully automated trading system. Our results indicate that the behavior of Nasdaq100 stocks can be tracked using all three examined polynomial models and can be traded profitably using fully automated systems based on those models. The best performing model was the model that used a four-degree polynomial MRB achieving the highest average net profit (USD 162.73). Regarding the risks involved, the third model has the lowest loss in dollar value (USD −95.52), and the highest minimum percent of profitable trades (41.51%) and profit factor (0.55) that indicates that this strategy is relatively less risky than the other two strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the state and actuator fault reconstruction problem in a class of switched linear systems subjected to unknown external disturbances according to average dwell time (ADT) technique. First, a robust switched sliding mode observer (SMO) is developed to simultaneously reconstruct the states of the switched system and the actuator faults. A novel and less conservative sufficient stability conditions are then established using the multiple quadratic Lyapunov function technique and the ADT approach. These conditions are formulated as linear matrix inequalities (LMI) to facilitate the design of the SMO. The observer gains matrices are obtained throughout the resolution of LMI using convex optimization techniques. Next, actuator faults are estimated by utilizing the concept of equivalent output injection, achieved through an analysis of the state error dynamics during the sliding motion. Finally, simulation results are considered to illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the developed method. It showcases the rapid and accurate convergence of the estimated system states and actuator fault to the real variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Alfred Adler's systemic orientation and family history. Adler had a holistic approach, viewing psychology as based on individuals' background, ge netics, physical makeup, family constellation, individual life cycle or "movement through life," and how that style was enacted with others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using satellite sensor data for studying sea surface temperature (SST) provides advantages over in situ information, such as obtaining data from large areas and remote access regions in short periods. However, differences between the SST values recorded in situ and those by satellite sensors are due to the intrinsic nature of both methods and meteorological factors. The present study aims to search the difference between SST values from in situ and satellite sensor data of 1×1 km resolution (type L4) from the Group of High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) for an annual cycle in a socio-ecological critical area known as the Gulf of Ulloa (GU). The linear regression, linear spline regression, and logic models showed an overestimated SST by satellites compared to in situ data, particularly at temperatures below 20°C. The overestimation can be attributed to the oceanic-atmospheric variations, which are consequences of upwelling and the time lag between the data record morning by in situ and night by satellite sensors. This finding may be relevant in decision-making for marine resource management and conservation in the GU. The information may help to seek the sustainability of this social-environmental system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide, affecting approximately 280 million people, with probably much higher unrecorded cases. Depression is associated with symptoms such as anhedonia, feelings of hopelessness, sleep disturbances, and even suicidal thoughts. Tragically, more than 700 000 people commit suicide each year. Although depression has been studied for many decades, the exact mechanisms that lead to depression are still unknown, and available treatments only help a fraction of patients. In the late 1960s, the serotonin hypothesis was published, suggesting that serotonin is the key player in depressive disorders. However, this hypothesis is being increasingly doubted as there is evidence for the influence of other neurotransmitters, such as noradrenaline, glutamate, and dopamine, as well as larger systemic causes such as altered activity in the limbic network or inflammatory processes. In this narrative review, we aim to contribute to the ongoing debate on the involvement of serotonin in depression. We will review the evolution of antidepressant treatments, systemic research on depression over the years, and future research applications that will help to bridge the gap between systemic research and neurotransmitter dynamics using biosensors. These new tools in combination with systemic applications, will in the future provide a deeper understanding of the serotonergic dynamics in depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic showed forcefully the fundamental importance broadband data communication and the internet has in our society. Optical communications forms the undisputable backbone of this critical infrastructure, and it is supported by an interdisciplinary research community striving to improve and develop it further. Since the first 'Roadmap of optical communications' was published in 2016, the field has seen significant progress in all areas, and time is ripe for an update of the research status. The optical communications area has become increasingly diverse, covering research in fundamental physics and materials science, high-speed electronics and photonics, signal processing and coding, and communication systems and networks. This roadmap describes state-of-the-art and future outlooks in the optical communications field. The article is divided into 20 sections on selected areas, each written by a leading expert in that area. The sections are thematically grouped into four parts with 4–6 sections each, covering, respectively, hardware, algorithms, networks and systems. Each section describes the current status, the future challenges, and development needed to meet said challenges in their area. As a whole, this roadmap provides a comprehensive and unprecedented overview of the contemporary optical communications research, and should be essential reading for researchers at any level active in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Kidney Allocation System (KAS) was implemented by United Network for Organ Sharing in 2014 to reduce allocation disparities. Research Questions: Outcomes of highly sensitized patients (calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) ≥ 97%) before and after KAS were compared to low-risk recipients (cPRA <10%) in the post-KAS era were examined. The impact on racial disparities was determined. Design: This was a retrospective study of national registry data. Two cohorts of adult candidates waitlisted for deceased donor transplantation during 3-year periods before and after KAS were identified. Results: Highly sensitized patients (N = 1238 and 4687) received a deceased donor kidney transplant between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013 and between January 1, 2015 and December, 31, 2017. Racial disparity for highly sensitized patients improved, yet remained significant (P < 0.001), with Black patients comprising 40% and 41% of the highly sensitized candidates and 28% and 34% of the recipients pre- and post-KAS. While posttransplant death-censored graft failure for highly sensitized recipients was similar overall, post-KAS was associated with improved graft survival in the first year after transplant (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.78). When compared to contemporaneous lowrisk recipients, both death-censored and all-cause graft failure were similar for highly sensitized recipients and was associated with increased risk for death-censored graft failure beyond the first year (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11-1.73). Conclusion: The allocation system led to an increase in transplantation in highly sensitized candidates without compromising outcomes. Although KAS has led to more balanced transplant rates between highly sensitized Black and White patients, racial inequalities persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Regulations designed to protect children participating in clinical research often restrict the availability of research data necessary for the development of age-specific therapies and drug dosing. Few data exist on how children experience participation in clinical research, and studies investigating young children undergoing an intensive medical treatment are lacking. Methods: Mixed methods with semi-structured interviews and DISCO-RC questionnaires were used to explore young children's and their parents' experiences in clinical research participation during a kidney transplantation trajectory. Findings: Nine children and their parents were interviewed. Children's median age at kidney transplantation was 4 years (IQR 4,7); age at interview was 7 years (IQR 6,9). Thematic content analysis of interviews revealed that most children were unaware of having participated in a study. Both children and their parents frequently were unaware whether procedures were standard care or research related. The additional burden attributed to study participation varied from not at all to heavy in combination with intensive medical treatment. Positive experiences included kind healthcare professionals, effective distraction techniques, educational aspects, contributing to science and extra check-ups. Most reported negative experiences were conflicting communication, spending much time in the hospital, missing school and suboptimal planning. Venous puncture was stressful for all children, whereas the discomfort of other procedures varied. Conclusion: Pediatric clinical research design should focus on education and fun during research procedures, smart planning, consistent communication, close collaboration between clinical and research team and age appropriate distraction techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Self-Assessment Survey (SAS) 4.0, an updated measure assessing implementation fidelity of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS). A total of 627 school personnel from 33 schools in six U.S. states completed the SAS 4.0 during the 2021–2022 school year. We evaluated data demonstrating the measure's reliability (internal consistency, interrater reliability between PBIS team and non-team members), internal structure, and convergent validity for assessing implementation of Tier 1, 2, and 3 systems. We found strong internal consistency (overall and across subscales) and evidence regarding the internal structure as a four-factor measure. In addition, we found the SAS 4.0 (overall score and subscales) to be statistically significantly correlated with another widely used and empirically evaluated PBIS fidelity measure, the Tiered Fidelity Inventory (TFI). We found a statistically significant correlation between the SAS 4.0 and the SAS 3.0 for the Schoolwide Systems subscale but not other subscales. We discuss limitations given the current sample and describe implications for how PBIS teams can use the measure for school improvement and decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teras Jurnal: Jurnal Teknik Sipil is the property of Teras Jurnal: Jurnal Teknik Sipil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Addressing the upstream social determinants of health (e.g. built environment, education) can reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases. To do so effectively often requires system-wide collaboration. However, collaborating across multiple sectors, organizations and disciplines within a complex system can be challenging. ActEarly was a public health research consortium that aimed to improve child health by building an interdisciplinary, cross-city partnership to develop and/or evaluate upstream interventions, increase research capacity and improve collaboration between researchers, local authorities and communities. This paper explores ActEarly’s experiences of navigating complexity to identify mechanisms that supported its implementation and proposes recommendations for future intersectoral and interdisciplinary population health research collaborations. Methods We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study of ActEarly, integrating findings from inductive documentary analysis of internal documents (mainly meetings minutes and reports) (n = 114) and interviews (n = 70) with 45 consortium members at three different timepoints (2018, 2021, 2023). Participants worked across different organizations, cities, roles and levels of seniority in the consortium. Findings Clarity, Unity, Flexibility and Feasibility were seen as the key mechanisms required to support ActEarly’s implementation. Clear aims, governance structures and communication were necessary to manage the uncertainty of the complex system. A unified approach, characterized by strong relationships, having a shared vision and communal access to resources supported effective collaboration. Flexibility was required to adjust to different ways of working, respond to wider system events and manage the consortium. Establishing feasible aims that responded to the limitations of the system, the available resources and research infrastructure was required for teams to deliver the work. Conclusions Implementing multi-faceted programmes in a complex system can be challenging. We recommend that future whole-systems consortia seeking to improve population health build Clarity, Unity, Flexibility and Feasibility into their programmes, noting the complex interrelationships between these factors. Iterative reflections from all parties should support delivery amidst the uncertainty that comes with running a population health research collaboration, and strong leadership and governance should play a key role in ensuring that these are built into foundations the programme.

To ensure proper administration of land in Botswana, the Government of Botswana adopted Land Administration Procedures Capacity and Systems (LAPCAS). With this system, all land in the country must be registered using digital means. Despite this unique effort to improve land administration, the implementation of the policy has faced various challenges. This research explored the challenges in the implementation of LAPCAS to propose alternative ways that the Ministry of Lands and Water Affairs (MLWA) could adopt to improve the situation. This study adopted a systematic literature review approach for data collection and analysis. Although LAPCAS generated some positive impacts, it has experienced more challenges than anticipated. Challenges, including loopholes and delays, resource constraints and poor coordination, characterised the implementation of LAPCAS. These challenges have hampered the government’s overall efforts to address concerns associated with the ownership and control of land in the country. Consequently, the researchers have called for the development of a new land administration framework that is anchored on the core issues inherent in the Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA). The tenets of the FELA have been identified as critical to developing a better alternative land administration framework that the MLWA can employ to deal with challenges in the implementation of LAPCAS in Botswana. This research helps to expand the existing literature on policy actions, programmes and frameworks for effective land administration, especially in the context of Botswana.

Introduction: Gaps exist in the understanding of the etiology of poor sleep quality after lung transplantation. Research Question: What factors are associated with poor sleep quality in lung transplant recipients? Design: A quantitative, single-site, cross-sectional study used an anonymous survey based on 3 scales. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale with scores dichotomized to poor versus good sleepers based on the cutoff score > 8. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale evaluated symptoms of anxiety and depression, and the Short Form-12 measured health-related quality of life using the mental and physical component scores. Additional self-reported data included demographic and transplant-related variables. Results: The response rate was 38.4% (61/158), and 52.5% of the sample (32/61) evidenced a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score > 8, suggestive of poor sleep quality. Bivariate analyses demonstrated that poor sleep was significantly related to symptoms of depression (P <.01), anxiety (P <.01), stressors of hospitalization (P <.05), and treatment of acute rejection (P <.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that anxiety was significantly associated with poor sleep (odds ratio = 1.34, P <.05). Conclusion: Poor subjective sleep quality remains prevalent in lung transplant recipients. Individuals with anxiety symptoms were at a greater risk for poor sleep. Guidance for strategies to improve sleep quality requires further in-depth exploration before implementation of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients are at risk of hospital readmission after kidney and liver transplantation due to the complexity of posttransplant care. Currently, clinical practice relies on providers' prediction since there is a lack of specific strategies. However, the accuracy of clinicians' ability to predict readmissions using clinical judgment alone is unknown. Research Question: What is the accuracy of clinicians' ability to predict readmissions after transplantation using clinical judgment alone? Design: In 2019, clinical providers at a large, urban transplant center were electronically surveyed. Primary surgeons, nephrologists, transplant pharmacists, hepatologists, and nurses were asked, within 24 h of any kidney or liver transplant recipient discharge, to predict whether a patient would be readmitted within 30 days, and the suspected causes of readmission. Prediction accuracy was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and F-score. Kappa scores were calculated to assess agreement between transplant surgeons and other providers. Results: Overall, N = 34 unique providers were surveyed about 148 kidney and 63 liver transplant recipients, and 27.0% of kidney recipients and 25.4% of liver recipients were readmitted within 30 days. The positive predictive values were low among clinical providers, ranging from 0.25 to 0.55. Agreements between providers were weak, but higher among kidney transplant providers (range: 0.42-0.44) than for liver transplant providers (range: −0.02-0.26). Conclusion: Clinical judgment alone to predict readmission among transplant recipients may not be sufficient and a combination of clinicians' predictions, multitiered discharge surveillance strategies and data-based predictive models may better identify high-risk patients and guide interventions to reduce readmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyzes the 2007 board game Pandemic in light of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The essay explores the connections between the reality of Pandemic and the play of COVID-19. To do this, it uses Ian Bogost's interpretation of systems (both real and imagined) to invite a dialectic of reality and game simulation. The interaction of such systems, in a game whose theme became real, highlights a major tenet of game studies—the borders between reality and games are thin, blurred, and mobile, if they exist at all. Games, in their simulation of the real, are mimetic, and, in turn, reality has become gamified. The essay examines the board game and highlights its mechanics, which include cooperation and mitigation of risk. It also explores how the game and reality blur their borders in this instance of play, inviting further study into the ramifications of simulated games and the fantasy of the real. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Rural U.S. residents experience a disproportionate burden of diet and physical activity (PA) related chronic disease compared to urban residents, due to resource and economic challenges. Diverse policy approaches for chronic disease prevention have been implemented to address barriers to breastfeeding, healthy eating, and PA. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe policy supports for breastfeeding, healthy eating, and/or PA occurring in rural U.S. areas. Methods A scoping review was conducted March-June 2020 to identify policy, systems, and environment change approaches occurring in the rural U.S. for breastfeeding, healthy eating, and PA. Search procedures were guided by the PRISMA-ScR, Arksey and O’Malley’s work (2007), and a science librarian. Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Agricola were used to identify peer-reviewed research. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I were used to identify dissertation research. Grey literature searches included Google, Google Scholar, government pages, and public health, federal nutrition assistance program, Cooperative Extension Services, and related webpages. Policy results are reported and inclusion criteria were: (1) breastfeeding, healthy eating, and/or PA focus; (2) about policy factors; (3) specific to U.S. rural populations/places; and (4) English language. Outcomes (study/source design, objective(s), methods/measurement, setting, population characteristics, behavioral focus, policy-specific results) were extracted into a standardized Excel document. Results Results include 122 total sources: original research, with some sources referencing multiple behaviors, (n = 74 sources: 8 breastfeeding, 41 healthy eating, 42 PA), grey literature (n = 45 sources: 16 breastfeeding, 15 healthy eating, 27 PA), and graduate research (n = 3 sources: 1 breastfeeding, 2 healthy eating, 1 PA). Breastfeeding policy initiatives included policies or programs at hospitals, increasing access to resources, and improving culture or norms at workplaces. Healthy eating policy initiatives included increasing access to healthy foods, reducing financial burden, implementing programs, food assistance programs, and healthy food prescriptions at healthcare facilities. PA policy initiatives focused on Complete Streets, joint or shared use efforts, Safe Routes to Schools, master plans for greenways, trails, and/or transportation, school health plans, and childcare/school standards. Conclusions Results from this scoping review compile and offer commentary on existing policy solutions to improve breastfeeding, healthy eating, and/or PA in the rural U.S.

Nonexistence theorems constitute an important part of the theory of differential and partial differential equations. Motivated by the numerous applications of fractional differential equations in diverse fields, in this paper, we studied sufficient conditions for the nonexistence of solutions (or, equivalently, necessary conditions for the existence of solutions) for nonlinear fractional differential inequalities and systems in the sense of Erdélyi-Kober. Our approach is based on nonlinear capacity estimates specifically adapted to the Erdélyi-Kober fractional operators and some integral inequalities.

Background: Rural U.S. residents experience a disproportionate burden of diet and physical activity (PA) related chronic disease compared to urban residents, due to resource and economic challenges. Diverse policy approaches for chronic disease prevention have been implemented to address barriers to breastfeeding, healthy eating, and PA. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe policy supports for breastfeeding, healthy eating, and/or PA occurring in rural U.S. areas. Methods: A scoping review was conducted March-June 2020 to identify policy, systems, and environment change approaches occurring in the rural U.S. for breastfeeding, healthy eating, and PA. Search procedures were guided by the PRISMA-ScR, Arksey and O'Malley's work (2007), and a science librarian. Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Agricola were used to identify peer-reviewed research. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I were used to identify dissertation research. Grey literature searches included Google, Google Scholar, government pages, and public health, federal nutrition assistance program, Cooperative Extension Services, and related webpages. Policy results are reported and inclusion criteria were: (1) breastfeeding, healthy eating, and/or PA focus; (2) about policy factors; (3) specific to U.S. rural populations/places; and (4) English language. Outcomes (study/source design, objective(s), methods/measurement, setting, population characteristics, behavioral focus, policy-specific results) were extracted into a standardized Excel document. Results: Results include 122 total sources: original research, with some sources referencing multiple behaviors, (n = 74 sources: 8 breastfeeding, 41 healthy eating, 42 PA), grey literature (n = 45 sources: 16 breastfeeding, 15 healthy eating, 27 PA), and graduate research (n = 3 sources: 1 breastfeeding, 2 healthy eating, 1 PA). Breastfeeding policy initiatives included policies or programs at hospitals, increasing access to resources, and improving culture or norms at workplaces. Healthy eating policy initiatives included increasing access to healthy foods, reducing financial burden, implementing programs, food assistance programs, and healthy food prescriptions at healthcare facilities. PA policy initiatives focused on Complete Streets, joint or shared use efforts, Safe Routes to Schools, master plans for greenways, trails, and/or transportation, school health plans, and childcare/school standards. Conclusions: Results from this scoping review compile and offer commentary on existing policy solutions to improve breastfeeding, healthy eating, and/or PA in the rural U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Beef cattle production in the tropics is based on the grazing system. Concentrate supplementation has a significant influence on carcass gain and meat quality. Additionally, the inclusion of some lipid feedstuffs, such as rumen-protected fat (RPF), can increase the net energy for weight gain, and be an alternative to increase the productive performance and carcass traits of grazing beef cattle. Aims: This study evaluated the effects of RPF on performance, carcass traits and feeding behaviour of Nellore bulls in an intensive grazing system during the rainy season. Methods: Twenty-four Nellore bulls (initial bodyweight of 454.0 ± 46.1 kg) were used in a randomised completed block design, based on initial bodyweight. The animals were distributed in 12 paddocks (two bulls per paddock) in a continuous grazing system and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: control (n = 6), a concentrate without added protected fat provided ad libitum , and RPF (n = 6), a concentrate with the addition of 3% protected fat (Nutricorp, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil) provided ad libitum. Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with paddock as the experimental unit (12 paddocks). The principal model included fixed effect of treatment and block as a random effect. For forage characteristics, the experimental period was a considered fixed effect. The study lasted 105 days, and was divided into four periods. At the end of each period, forage collections were performed, bulls were weighed and feeding behaviour was recorded. After 105 days, the bulls were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse, and three 2.54-cm Longissimus dorsi steaks of each animal were collected to evaluate the colour, the chemical and physical composition, and the sensory analysis of the meat. Keys results: The inclusion of RPF in the concentrate did not affect (P > 0.05) the final bodyweight, average daily gain, concentrate intake and feed efficiency, but there was a tendency (P < 0.07) for higher carcass weight for the bulls that received RPF. Bulls supplemented with RPF had a greater (P < 0.05) average carcass gain. For meat quality, an effect (P < 0.01) was observed for hue (25.32 and 27.91 for control and RPF, respectively). Conclusions: The addition of 3% RPF in the concentrate ration has the potential to improve carcass traits and meat quality of beef cattle in an intensive pasture finishing system. Implications: The inclusion of RPF will increase dietary energy density of grazing beef cattle with a tendency to increase carcass gain. This can be an opportunity to increase the production per animal and income of farmers. The inclusion of rumen-protected fat in the diet of grazing beef cattle may be a strategy to increase dietary energy density, and consequently improve the performance and carcass characteristics without negative effects on ruminal microbiota and fibre digestibility. Twenty-four non-castrated animals were subjected to this test. The average daily carcass gain and meat quality were improved by the inclusion of protected fat in the diet of grazing cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems thinking has been recognized as valuable to public health policy, research and practice. Commentators and reviews have highlighted that there is still much to be done to embrace its potential. Here, we highlight that much of the discourse about systems thinking in, and for, public health supports the pursuit of a narrow path and is limited with respect to the lineages of Systems that are embraced. We invite readers to see the potential of systems thinking in pursuing a broader path which is motivated by a concern for alleviating health inequalities. This does not replace the narrow path but encompasses it. It prompts different considerations with respect to the nature of the transformation, partnership working and legitimacy. It also invites a different way of engaging with systems thinking and different ways of conceptualizing and managing change. The broad path both requires, and helps enhance, new ways of doing, relating, organizing, knowing and framing which are vital for the future of public health as a global concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugee young people have high rates of unmet mental health needs. Established barriers to accessing mental health care may be contextual to the host country and its support systems. The aim of this study was to establish the perspectives of refugee young people, parents, and service providers on service responses across one middle-income and one high-income country, Turkey and the UK, respectively. In Turkey, eight professionals (social work, psychology, and education), ten parents and ten young people took part. In the UK, stakeholders included four professionals (health, educational psychology, and non-statutory), seven parents and seven young people. Data were analyzed using a codebook thematic approach. Despite structural differences between the two systems, several commonalities were identified in responses. Conceptualization of mental health, stigma, shame, and parents' language acquisition acted as barriers to help-seeking in both countries, whilst schools were viewed as central to the initiation of interventions. Contextual barriers in Turkey included child marriage and labor, whilst reliance on non-governmental organizations (NGOs) facilitated joint care pathways. In the UK, providers aimed to adapt and extend care pathways through primary health care. Recommendations included designated policy, joint working, schools acting as service hubs, awareness, and training professionals on contextual knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex systems pose significant challenges to traditional scientific and statistical methods due to their inherent unpredictability and resistance to simplification. Accurately detecting complex behavior and the uncertainty which comes with it is therefore essential. Using the context of previous studies, we introduce a new information-theoretic measure, termed "incoherence". By using an adapted Jensen-Shannon Divergence across an ensemble of outcomes, we quantify the aleatoric uncertainty of the system. First we compared this measure to established statistical tests using both continuous and discrete data. Before demonstrating how incoherence can be applied to identify key characteristics of complex systems, including sensitivity to initial conditions, criticality, and response to perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to study the p-k-Hessian problems. To our knowledge, the problems that has additional term in the p-k-Hessian operator were seldom studied in the literature. By means of monotone iteration method and Arzelà-Ascoli theorem, this paper investigates the existence of positive radially symmetric solutions of the following augmented p-k-Hessian equations S k (λ (D i (| D u | p - 2 D j u) + α I)) = a k (x) f k (u) , x ∈ R n , and p-k-Hessian systems 0.1 S k (λ (D i (| D u | p - 2 D j u) + α I)) = a k (x) f k (v) , x ∈ R n , S k (λ (D i (| D v | p - 2 D j v) + α I)) = b k (x) g k (u) , x ∈ R n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As urbanization continues to reshape transportation, the safety of cyclists in complex traffic environments has become a pressing concern. In response to this challenge, our research introduces a CycleInSight framework, which harnesses advanced deep learning and computer vision techniques to enable precise and efficient cyclist detection in diverse urban settings. Utilizing you only look once version 8 (YOLOv8) object detection algorithm, the proposed model aims to detect and localize vulnerable cyclists near vehicles equipped with onboard cameras. Our research presents comprehensive experimental results demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying vulnerable cyclists amidst dynamic and challenging traffic conditions. With an impressive average precision of 90.91%, our approach outperforms existing models while maintaining efficient inference speeds. By effectively identifying and tracking cyclists, this framework holds significant potential to enhance urban traffic safety, inform data-driven infrastructure planning, and support the development of advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonexistence theorems constitute an important part of the theory of differential and partial differential equations. Motivated by the numerous applications of fractional differential equations in diverse fields, in this paper, we studied sufficient conditions for the nonexistence of solutions (or, equivalently, necessary conditions for the existence of solutions) for nonlinear fractional differential inequalities and systems in the sense of Erdélyi-Kober. Our approach is based on nonlinear capacity estimates specifically adapted to the Erdélyi-Kober fractional operators and some integral inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper responds to Friend's (2023) critique of the Powers-BSA , a view according to which laws of nature are efficient descriptions of how modally laden properties (powers) are possibly distributed in spacetime. In the course of this response, the paper discusses the nature of scientific and metaphysical explanation, the aim of science, and the structure of modal space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions around reasons for foster care entry primarily focus on family-level service needs. However, families exist within social environments that can either increase or reduce risk for foster care entry. This qualitative study draws on interviews (n = 27), focus groups (n = 7), and open-ended survey responses (n = 548) from child-serving professionals in Indiana to identify community- and systems-level factors contributing to entry. Through qualitative coding we identified eight themes at the community- and systems-levels that direct attention toward modifiable dimensions of the social environment that can serve as targets for policy and practice reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of computing cannot be discussed without acknowledging the engineering innovations that paved its way. Today, we carry more computing power in our pockets than it took to put a man on the moon. Across the world, 'smart fever' is on the rise, revealing our strong reliance on these smart devices. Designing such powerful devices would have been impossible, however, without an understanding of electricity and how it could be utilised to provide both power and control. This article highlights some key engineering innovations and the brilliant minds behind them. We trace the transformative journey of these concepts through the timeline of technology, from their humble beginnings as mere calculation machines to the powerful smart devices we rely on today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to a special issue of Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology and Life Sciences on the topic of resilience discusses the contributing articles in terms of their flexibility in methods, models, scale, and contexts combined with their integrity in shared theoretical understanding and generative knowledge. The ubiquity of resilience is discussed, a feature of potentially any living or non-living system and substance. This breadth calls for a flexible set of models and methods, along with the quest for integrative theory to make resilience science more resilient. Since resilience involves the ability of a substance or system to persist, to repair or recover, and to evolve, any common theory would consider structural integrity (the ability to hold together), flexibility (the ability to adjust and return), time and timing. Nonlinear dynamical systems theory is proposed as the only scientific perspective capable of building this sort of common knowledge of a ubiquitous process involving these specific features. The synopsis of each article's contribution to the issue includes an analysis of the flexibility the article adds in terms of models, methods, scale, and applied context, along with the theoretical integrity produced with respect to these common features of resilient processes: flexibility, integrity, time, and timing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership is fundamentally a social process. The tendency to view leadership from the unique and private worlds of a leader's individualized experience is a hindrance to developing effective processes and healthy culture. Leaders in organizations must adapt in response to the changing internal and external ecology in which the organization is nested. The Leadership Systems Model (LSM) offers a paradigm encouraging leaders to embrace a systems perspective. The model utilizes a value-driven human centric approach that focuses on changing elements of organizational structures and processes to align outcomes with organizational values to meet intent. The model recognizes the complexity of organizations, and the multiple roles people play as leaders, followers, and teammates. With this approach, we suggest that leaders can enhance organizational performance and develop a healthy culture by applying their power to systems design, increasing engagement, and continuous improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary on Curren et al. adopts an educational policy perspective, arguing that it is important to not only 'find consensus' on well-being in education but to consider the ways that education policy supports or inhibits this outcome. It argues that a complex systems approach is essential to moving these ideas rooted in ethics and justice into policy and practice. It advocates a comprehensive cross-sector policy approach that integrates education policies at multiple levels and with policies across other sectors that are significant for well-being. It emphasizes that operationalizing these ideas at scale requires consideration of the research evidence on structural racism, gender inequities, and funding disparities, and it emphasizes the importance of focusing on relationships in educational systems and the need for policy leadership and activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]