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Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ModaPalavra e-periódico is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Motif Academy Journal of Folklore is the property of Motif Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the fiber distribution on the surface of a kind of novel two-color yarn spun by regulating the feeding ratio of two colored rovings on a modified ring spinning frame, which is named the double-channel spinning frame. The surface distribution ratio (SDR) and the coefficient of variation of surface distribution evenness (CV sd ) of the two colored fiber strands in the yarns was used to quantify the fiber distribution feature along the yarns based on a purpose-made image acquisition device and the corresponding image processing method. The effect of the weight ratio, roving feeding position and spinning method on the mean SDR and CV sd were studied, and the testing results of the Z-twist and S-twist two-color yarns spun by a modified traditional ring spinning frame as well as the yarns spun by a modified compact spinning frame were compared with each other. The fibers of the left-hand roving are more likely to distribute in the surface of Z-twist yarn, while the fibers of the right-hand roving tend to distribute in the surface of S-twist yarn. Four linear fitting equations of the 19.4 tex Z-twist and S-twist two-color ring spun yarns and two-color compact spun yarns were developed to predict the relationships between the mean SDR and weight ratio of two colored fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the optimization algorithm used in the ship design is a hot research area. The computation efficiency and stability of the algorithm depended on the number of design variables, the algorithm parameters, and operation process. In order to improve design efficiency and stability, this paper focuses on the waterlines approximation with as less control parameters as possible applying the improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm based on NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline). The optimization model is constructed with the homogeneous coordinate component of the fitted waterline's control points as the design variables. The objective function is set to minimize the maximum relative difference between the widths of the approximated waterlines and the original ones corresponding to the same stations. The appropriate constraints are set according to the characteristics of the free segments of the waterline. The QPSO algorithm is used to solve this optimization problem. With view to the correlation among the design variables, the algorithm is improved by introducing the memory factor to ensure the design variables within the feasible region during the evolution process. Based on this improved QPSO algorithm, the waterlines of the full-scale hull form are approximated and the hull surface is constructed using the skinning algorithm with them. Compared with the related reference results, this approximation method has higher precision and can satisfy the engineering design requirements. It is indicated that it is feasible to represent the hull form using the reduced data. Furthermore, the success rate and the average relative difference comparison between the basic QPSO and the improved QPSO show the reliability and stability of the algorithm. This method proposed in this paper provides a foundation for the hull surface design based on the reduced data. Meanwhile, the improved QPSO algorithm can be used in the similar optimization problem with the design variables correlated with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of the panels created by Athos Bulcão present as its main characteristic the randomness in positioning. His tiles (modules) are designed to, by randomly placement; make it possible that several configurations emerge in his works. This article studies the relationship between these modules design and the number of possible solutions of a project that uses randomness. This will be achieved by the tiles design analysis and its combinatory possibilities, considering symmetry and rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The augmented Box–Behnken designs are used in the situations in which Box–Behnken designs (BBDs) could not estimate the response surface model due to the presence of third-order terms in the response surface models. These designs are too large for experimental use. Usually experimenters prefer small response surface designs in order to save time, cost, and resources; therefore, using combinations of fractional BBD points, factorial design points, axial design points, and complementary design points, we augment these designs and develop new third-order response surface designs known as augmented fractional BBDs (AFBBDs). These AFBBDs have less design points and are more efficient than augmented BBDs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was conducted and the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the influence to different parameters to Cd(II) detection at bismuth film/glassy carbon electrode (Bi/GCE) by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV), and the stripping peak current was used to evaluate the detection performance of each parameter combination. A three-level–three-factor full factorial (3 3 ) BBD has been conducted to investigate interaction effects. The relationship between stripping peak current and the three factors was quantitatively described by a multivariate regression model through the RSM. The optimal parameter combination within the studied experimental range was obtained to improve the detection performance, considering the interaction effects among Bi(III) concentration, pH and deposition potential. Under the optimal parameter combination, SWASV was applied to detect the concentration of Cd(II) on Bi/GCE, the linear calibration curve ranged from 1 to 170 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.3 μg/L (S/N = 3). The proposed analytical procedure was further applied to detect trace Cd(II) in soil samples with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We experimentally investigated the dynamic polygonal spreading of droplets on lyophilic pillar-arrayed substrates. When deposited on lyophilic rough surfaces, droplets adopt dynamic evolutions of projected shapes from initial circles to final bilayer polygons. These dynamic processes are distinguished in two regimes on the varied substrates. The bilayer structure of a droplet, induced by micropillars on the surface, was explained by the interaction between the fringe (liquid in the space among the micropillars) and the bulk (upper liquid). The evolution of polygonal shapes, following the symmetry of the pillar-arrayed surface, was analysed by the competition effects of excess driving energy and resistance which were induced by micropillars with increasing solid surface area fraction. Though the anisotropic droplets spread in different regimes, they obey the same scaling lawS ~ t2/3(Sbeing the wetted area andtbeing the spreading time), which is derived from the molecular kinetic theory. These results may expand our knowledge of the liquid dynamics on patterned surfaces and assist surface design in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Increasing the wear resistance of the traveller remains an immense challenge due to the high mechanical and thermal stress experienced by travellers during the spinning operation. Due to this exposure, surface deformation, such as scratches and coating deformations, are unavoidable. In this study, two kinds of travellers (Cr coated and uncoated) were examined according to their scanning electron microscopy images, for surface characteristics, and energy-dispersive Xray analysis, used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of traveller surfaces. In addition, the hairiness of the yarns produced using the sample travellers was measured in order to see the effects of the traveller coating on the yarn properties. For the test, two kinds of travellers, with different surface treatments, were used for the same spinning machine. Only one sample type was Cr coated. The results revealed that the surface treatment of the travellers had a significant effect on the hairiness of the yarn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to improve the dyeing behavior of cotton and jute fibers using natural product as surface modifying agents to the cationic dyes. Surface modifications have been performed on both cellulosic and jute used in this work by different types of chemical and natural products. Present study has been concerned with the evaluation of dyeing quality by controlling the percentage of dye bath exhaustion, the color yield (k/s) and the color fastness to light, washing and rubbing. In addition, optimization dyeing process was performed using a surface design with the help of Minitab 15 Software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study proposed a novel step or trapezoid surface design applicable to air-cooled heat sink under cross flow condition. A total of five heat sinks were made and tested, and the corresponding fin patterns are (a) plate fin; (b) step fin (step 1/3, 3 steps); (c) 2-step fin (step 1/2, 2 steps); (d) trapezoid fin (trap 1/3, cutting 1/3 length from the rear end) and (e) trapezoid fin (trap 1/2, cutting 1/2 length from the rear end). The design is based on the heat transfer augmentation via (1) longer perimeter of entrance region and (2) larger effective temperature difference at the rear part of the heat sink. From the test results, it is found that either step or trapezoid design can provide a higher heat transfer conductance and a lower pressure drop at a specified frontal velocity. The effective conductance of trap 1/3 design exceeds that of plate surface by approximately 38 % at a frontal velocity of 5 m s while retains a lower pressure drop of 20 % with its surface area being reduced by 20.6 %. For comparisons exploiting the overall thermal resistance versus pumping power, the resultant thermal resistance of the proposed trapezoid design 1/3, still reveals a 10 % lower thermal resistance than the plate fin surface at a specified pumping power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an interactive tool for designing physical surfaces made from flexible interlocking quadrilateral elements of a single size and shape. With the element shape fixed, the design task becomes one of finding a discrete structure—-i.e., element connectivity and binary orientations—-that leads to a desired geometry. In order to address this challenging problem of combinatorial geometry, we propose a forward modeling tool that allows the user to interactively explore the space of feasible designs. Paralleling principles from conventional modeling software, our approach leverages a library of base shapes that can be instantiated, combined, and extended using two fundamental operations: merging and extrusion. In order to assist the user in building the designs, we furthermore propose a method to automatically generate assembly instructions. We demonstrate the versatility of our method by creating a diverse set of digital and physical examples that can serve as personalized lamps or decorative items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermo-capillarymigration is a phenomenon in which surface thermalgradients drive a liquid to flow from warm to cold regions withoutexternal forces. It is important to prevent the migration of liquidlubricants on rubbing surfaces. In this paper, a pattern of microdimpleswas proposed to obstruct the liquid migration induced by an omnidirectionalthermal gradient. Microdimple patterns were fabricated on the surfacesof SUS316 stainless steel. Experiments were performed to investigatethe influence of microdimple patterns with different geometric parameterson the migration behavior of paraffin oil. In particular, this studyfocused on the interfacial flowing near the microdimples. The resultsdemonstrated that microdimples have a significant obstructive effecton migration, whereas dimples have a retaining effect, and the adjacentdimples have an interacting effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present an enhanced design and manufacturing process for controlling material texture, based on the combination of fractal surfaces obtained by direct laser writing upon supporting pillars. The process stands out for its degree of detail, versatility, manufacturing speed, and optimization of material resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum dots were used as fluorescent probes to investigate nano-particle penetration into biofilms. The particle penetration behavior was found to be controlled by surface chemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of gluten-free bread creates many challenges; producing bread that will match the properties of its wheat counterpart can be difficult. Fruit by-products are know from literature to contain a high level of dietary fibre which could improve the bread properties and fibre contents of gluten-free bread. Therefore, a mathematical design was created; three variables were identified from preliminary tests (water (85-100% flour weight, OP 0-8% flour weight and proofing time 35-100min) as being crucial in the development of acceptable bread.Results illustrated longer proofing times (p<0.05) and lower orange pomace levels (OP) (p<0.001) produced a bread with a greater specific volume. OP had the most significant (p<0.0001) effect on hardness at 2h and 24h post-baking. The optimised formulation was calculated to contain 5.5% OP, 94.6% water and a proofing time of 49min. Total fibre content of the control bread (2.1%) was successfully increased to 3.9% in the OP containing bread. Substituting gluten-free flours with orange pomace flour can help improve the total dietary intake of a coeliac while not negating on the quality properties of the bread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While surface capacitance is utilized widely for sensing and actuation in miniaturized systems, relatively little attention has been paid to its enhancement using engineered surface topography. We present how an engineered surface topography, specifically a cylindrical micropillar array, gives a significant enhancement of the surface capacitance compared to a flat surface of the same area. Arrays of silicon micropillars were fabricated and measured, and the results were validated using both an approximate analytical model and a numerical finite element model. At large gaps (hundreds of microns) between a flat probe and the top surface of the array, the capacitance is comparable to that of a flat surface, while at smaller gaps (<200 μm) the contribution of the side surface leads to enhancement of the capacitance. We demonstrate that parametric variation of the array geometry and gap can result in greater than 100% enhancement, while using materials and dimensions compatible with standard microfabrication processes. Therefore, we expect that this engineered surface design can improve the performance of traditional capacitance probes as well as emerging applications such as flexible tactile sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides classical point based surface design, sphere based creation of characters and other surfaces has been introduced by some of the recently developed modeling tools in computer graphics. ZSpheres ® by Pixologic, or Spore™ by Electronic Arts are just two prominent examples of these softwares. In this paper we introduce a new sphere based modeling tool, which allows us to create smooth, tubular-like surfaces by skinning a user-defined set of spheres. The main advantage of the new method is to provide a parametric surface with more natural and smoother shape, especially at the connection of branches than the surfaces provided by the existing softwares and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, response surface designs are used (in quality improvement experiments) in estimating the optimal level combinations of the process parameters. In an industrial process, the most important problem is to predict the operating condition that optimize a response of interest, and simultaneously minimizes the process variability. In modern quality engineering, dual response surface approach was introduced to achieve this goal. Some researchers have proposed to use the generalized linear models to derive the joint mean and variance models, instead of separate mean and variance models as in the dual response surface approach. This article illustrates (based on two real examples) how the generalized linear models approach can be used to achieve the goal. The present analyses and interpretations (related to these two examples) are completely different from all the earlier research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, technical advances in computer graphic (CG) texture mapping and surfacing processes have influenced broader cultural spheres and commercial practices. As emerging idioms from computer graphic imaging (CGI) sectors have become synonymous with related everyday terminology, the terms "skin," "surface," and "texture"-common parlance in real-world scenarios and prevalent in textile spheres-have come to intersect physical and digital meaning. Recent aspects of CGI development and use provide a particular framework for this article, which goes on to observe newly emerging textile and surface designers engaged in the creative development of digital skin and associated concepts. Imbued with science fiction, future scenarios, and advances in computer imaging software and hardware capability, these practitioners are hybridizing digital and material languages and challenging conventional approaches to design and fabrication processes. Digital media tools are instrumental in facilitating these practices. As design practitioners challenge perceived notions of textile, substrate, and skin through relatively newfound digital contexts, resulting propositions include high-tech interfaces for communication, surface embellishment, and guise. Also outlined is how such digital propositions are beginning to overlap emerging real and conceptual applications in wider industry and science realms, expanding the nature of and prospect for surface design. Resulting paradigms pertain to the virtual reinvention of skin as a conceptual material interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Biodegradability is a big advantage of magnesium-based materials in biomedical applications such as bone fixation, cardiovascular stents, and even stomach trauma repair. Different from other metals such as stainless steels and Ti alloys, the interface between the Mg-based implants and biological environment is dynamic. In order to improve the surface properties to allow better and more expeditious adaptation to the physiological surroundings, it is imperative to design and construct a surface to satisfy multiple clinical requirements such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and degradation rate. This paper reviews recent work pertaining to surface modification of Mg-based biomaterials with emphasis on surface coatings and ion implantation. The biodegradation behavior and related mechanism in the physiological environment after surface modification are also described. Surface modification is a promising means to elevate the performance of Mg-based biomaterials and expected to be extensively applied to surface design of biomaterials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Research on the novel technology of fluidized roasting reduction of low-grade pyrolusite coupling with pretreatment of stone coal has been conducted. According to the response surface design and the analysis of results, orthogonal experiments have been conducted on the major factors and effects of the factors on the manganese reduction efficiency have been studied. The quadratic model between the manganese reduction efficiency and the factors has been established. Meanwhile, the contour or 3D response surface of the manganese reduction efficiency among various factors has been presented. The maximum manganese reduction efficiency could be optimized to nearly 100 %, when the mass ratio of stone coal to pyrolusite was 2.5:1, the roasting temperature of stone coal was 1080 °C, the roasting temperature of pyrolusite was 775 °C, and the roasting time was 2 h. The results of the manganese reduction efficiency of the actual experiments were close to those of the fitting model by the verification experiments, indicating that the optimum solution has a relatively high reliability. Other low-grade pyrolusite such as Guangxi pyrolusite (China), Hunan pyrolusite (China), and Guizhou pyrolusite (China) were tested and all these materials responded well giving nearly 100 % manganese reduction efficiency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric optical fiber fabrics (POFFs) have been used in a wide range of applications, from smart clothing to medical products; therefore, it is interesting to note that there is a gap in the literature which explores the use of POFFs within the context of interior textiles. This research explores the use of illuminative interior textile surfaces as a multifunctional media that can enhance the interior environment via changes in colors, luminescence and surface design, and also act as a power-efficient light source for illumination. The development of POFFs involves several techniques, such as weaving, laser engraving, and integration of electronics. In order to obtain aesthetically pleasing surface designs and textures, and achieve favorable tactile quality, different materials are combined together. Surface printing and embroidery technologies are also adopted to enhance the surface pattern. A collection of life-sized photonic interior prototypes is created. The light sources of the prototypes are light emitting diodes (LEDs), which are considered energy saving and eco-friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]