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The article discusses the association of MC1R variants with melanoma risk and their interaction with sun exposure. The study analyzed data from nine melanoma case-control studies to evaluate how sun exposure modifies the effect of MC1R variants on melanoma risk. The findings suggest that there is a significant additive interaction between MC1R R variants and high sunburn frequency, indicating potential at-risk subgroups for melanoma prevention and early diagnosis interventions. The study was supported by various research grants and ethical approval was obtained for all original studies. [Extracted from the article]

Using an infrared (IR) thermal camera, we evaluated the efficacy of six arboricultural materials for preventing sunscald and frost crack. The trunks of adult Yoshino cherry (Prunus × yedoensis) and Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata) were treated with (i–iii) three paint types (white water paint [P–W], white latex paint [P–L], and quicklime [P–Q]), (iv and v) two band wrap types [brown tree wrap (B–B) and white tree wrap (B–W)], and (vi) a wound paste: thiophanate‐methyl paste (TP) in the shape of a band 10 cm thick. Outdoor IR thermographs were captured four times a day at 3 h intervals (09:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., 03:00 p.m. and 06:00 p.m.) over four consecutive days in late October 2019. Bark temperatures recorded for P–W, P–L, P–Q and B–W treatments were consistently lower than those for untreated trunks. The mean temperature difference between B–W and untreated bark (up to 4.57°C) remained pronounced between 09:00 a.m. and 06:00 p.m. for both tree species each day. Conversely, no significant differences in bark temperatures were observed under B–B and TP treatments compared with untreated bark (p = 0.01). Elevated bark temperature was observed on the south side compared with the other three cardinal directions; however, temperatures were similar in all directions at 06:00 p.m. These findings suggest that white tree wrapping may provide a viable approach to prevent sun‐induced trunk injuries, leveraging the light reflectivity of the white colour and thermal insulation properties of the wrapping material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the substantial risks associated with ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced solar dermatitis, enhancing current strategies to combat UVB regarding skin diseases is imperative. The cross-talk between ferroptosis and inflammation has been proven to be an essential factor in UVB-induced solar dermatitis, whereas detailed process of how their interaction contributes to this remains unclear. Therefore, further investigation of ferroptosis-mediated processes and identification of corresponding inhibitory approaches hold promise for repairing skin damage. Senkyunolide I (Sen I), a bioactive component mainly extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plants, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, has demonstrated efficacy in combating oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we utilized UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells as an in vitro model and C57BL/6J mice as an in vivo model of solar dermatitis. Our findings revealed the pivotal roles of autophagy and ferroptosis in inducing skin inflammation, particularly emphasizing the activation of ferroptosis through macroautophagy. Surprisingly, this mechanism operated independently of ferritinophagy, a classical autophagy-driven ferroptosis pathway. Instead, our results highlighted Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1), tightly controlled by autophagy, as a crucial mediator of ferroptosis execution and amplifier of subsequent lethal signals. Furthermore, extracellular High Mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1), released following UVB-induced ferroptotic cells from activated autophagic flux, initiated a feedback loop with TfR1, propagating ferroptosis to neighboring cells and exacerbating damage. Remarkably, Sen I administration showed a significant protective effect against UVB damage in both in vitro and in vivo models by interrupting this cascade. Consequently, we have illuminated a novel therapeutic pathway post-UVB exposure and identified Sen I as a potent natural molecule that safeguarded against UVB-induced solar dermatitis by suppressing the autophagy-ferroptosis-HMGB1-TfR1 axis, highlighting a new frontier in photoprotection. [Display omitted] • UVB triggered autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and subsequent HMGB1 release. • The released HMGB1 activated an intercellular loop with TfR1, exacerbating ferroptosis. • Sen I emerged as a promising natural therapeutic agent for UVB-induced skin lesions. • Sen I inhibited the autophagy-ferroptosis-HMGB1-TfR1 axis in anti-UVB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some studies have reported that sunburns and cutaneous melanoma (CM) risk is increasing, but a clear causal link has yet to be established. Methods: This current study conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to clarify the association and causality between sunburn history and CM using large-scale genome-wide association study data. Results: The inverse-variance weighted method result showed that sunburn might be associated with the risk of CM increasing (p = 2.21 × 10-23, OR = 1.034, 95% CI= 1.027-1.041), causally. The MR-Egger regression, weighted median method, simple mode method, and weighted mode method results showed similar results. Conclusion: This study offers evidence of sunburn history and increased risk of CM, and it shows that there might be common genetic basics regarding sunburns and CM susceptibility in Caucasian, European, or British ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late-season dehydration (LSDN) is a physiological disorder affecting grape berry water content, resulting in dehydration. Vineyards in the Aegean Region of western Türkiye have experienced problems with LSDN, particularly during periods of high temperatures. This research examines how partial canopy covering materials affect temperature differentials inside and outside the canopy, including the determination of LSDN grape berries of Sultan 7 (Vitis vinifera L.). A partial shading net (PS) was employed to prevent LSDN in the grape berries, and shading net and polyethylene material (PSP) were deployed to assess the impact of increasing canopy temperatures on the occurrence of LSDN in grape berries. Although partial covering materials did not substantially affect grapevine yield, the control group produced the largest and the heaviest berries. In the second year, warmer conditions led to more clusters with LSDN-affected berries and increased sunburn damage on clusters. PS showed a high healthy cluster rate of 72.50%, while PSP and control showed lower rates of 63.60% and 58.10%, respectively. Throughout the study period, PS exhibited 9.02% LSDN berries, while the control and PSP showed 17.10% and 16.70% clusters with LSDN berries in the total harvested clusters, respectively. The study showed that PS treatment alleviated LSDN symptoms in clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Skin cancer rates in Canada are rising quickly, with about one-third of Canadians likely to be affected in their lifetime. Despite this alarming trend, government actions to reduce skin cancer are limited. Our study, conducted in Manitoba, found that many residents have risky sun exposure habits and lack awareness about skin cancer. Over 65% reported a history of sunburns, more than half had used tanning beds, and a large majority recently tanned for pleasure. Misconceptions are common, with over 50% believing that tans are healthy or a sign of beauty. Moreover, sun protection practices are inadequate, with less than 60% using protective clothing and under 50% using sunscreen. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health campaigns to improve awareness and promote better sun protection behaviors to prevent future skin cancers in Manitoba. The rapidly increasing skin cancer rates in Canada are alarming, with current data estimating that 1/3 of Canadians will be affected in their lifetime. Thus, deeper understanding of high-risk sun exposure behaviors is needed to help counter this trend. Only limited action has been taken by federal/provincial governments to reduce skin cancer incidence. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Manitoba, with frequency counts, means, and percentages used to encapsulate responses. Age- and gender-adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression analyses. Our study identified worrying inadequacies in sun protective behaviors and attitudes, with the threat of such high-risk behaviors amplified by a lack of skin cancer awareness. Alarming elements were noted in participants' sun exposure history (>65% reported a history of sunburns, >50% previously used a tanning bed, and >75% recently tanned for pleasure), beliefs and attitudes (>50% believe that they look better/healthier with a tan, and >40% believe that having a base tan is protective against further sun damage), and sun protection efforts (sun protective clothing was used <60% of the time, sunscreen was used by <50%, and there was a lack of knowledge about sunscreen characteristics in ~30% of respondents), in addition to significant differences being established between demographic subgroups (based on gender, age, skin phototype, income, and education attained). This study provides worrisome insight onto the grim landscape of sun protective behaviors and attitudes in Manitoba, which will inevitably translate into higher skin cancer rates and should serve as a call to action to promote targeted public health messaging in this jurisdiction and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the findings of a survey conducted at an outdoor football game to understand sun protection behaviors and barriers among spectators. The survey had a response rate of 90.6% and included questions on demographics, sun protection habits, barriers to use, and history of skin examination. The results showed that older individuals used more sun protection methods compared to younger individuals, and women were more likely to use sunscreen and get skin checks by a dermatologist. The overall rate of sunscreen use was high, but participants aged 18-23 and men were less likely to use sun protection. The article suggests targeted interventions to promote sun safety, increase skin health literacy among college-aged students, and encourage more men to adopt sun-protective practices. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents case studies addressing various clinical challenges related to melanoma and skin cancer management. Topics discussed include the initial approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the prevalence of genetic mutations in melanoma, and the impact of artificial intelligence on skin cancer diagnostics.

Background Objectives Animals Materials and Methods Results Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Protection from solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is paramount in light‐skinned pig breeds such as Yorkshire or Landrace to avoid sunburn.Determination of the UVR exposure of a pig and the sun protection abilities of shade cloths with different shade rates.Life‐sized plastic model of a Landrace pig.The model was equipped with 20 UVR meters at various anatomical positions that recorded the erythemal effective solar irradiance. A turntable enabled irradiation from different directions. Solar irradiance was measured in direct sunlight as well as under three shade cloths with different shade rates (50%, 75% and 90%) and a camouflage net. The sun protection factors (SPF) were determined as the ratio of unshaded‐to‐shaded measurements at the same solar elevation. The exposure ratio to ambient (ERTA) was calculated for each body site with respect to ambient irradiance. It allows determination of when pigs are at risk of sunburn and protection is needed.The calculated ERTA values show that some body parts may receive higher values than ambient UVR. Measurements showed that the SPF of shade cloths depends on textile denseness. Selected shade cloths reached values of 3.5 (shade rate 50%), 4.2 (75%) and 5.8 (90%). Protection by the camouflage net was poor. The highest SPF was gained on body sides where ERTA was highest.Shade cloths can protect all body sites effectively and vulnerable sites in particular. The results of our study enable an estimation of when pigs are at risk of sunburn and provide quantitative metrics for sun protection. This allows effective prevention of UVR‐caused skin damage and secondary disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter to the editor discusses a survey conducted in Japan to study sun protection behaviors among adult survivors receiving hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The study found that 83.1% of HCT survivors practiced some form of sun protection behavior, such as using sunscreen or wearing protective clothing. The prevalence of sun protection behaviors among HCT survivors in Japan was higher than in the general population. The letter emphasizes the importance of sun protection for HCT survivors, as sun exposure can worsen skin complications and increase the risk of skin cancers. The authors suggest that long-term follow-up clinics in HCT centers in Japan contribute to the higher prevalence of sun protection behaviors among HCT survivors. The study included 89 patients with a median age of 55 years, and the majority were male with acute myelogenous leukemia. The most common type of HCT was allogeneic unrelated cord blood transplantation. The study found that while the majority of survivors practiced sun protection, the use of sunscreen decreased significantly in survivors more than 5 years after HCT. The study highlights the importance of long-term attention to sun exposure and protection behaviors to reduce the risk of complications. [Extracted from the article]

Burns are a global health problem and can be caused by several factors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Exposure to UVB radiation can cause sunburn and a consequent inflammatory response characterised by pain, oedema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and erythema. Pharmacological treatments available to treat burns and the pain caused by them include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, antimicrobials and glucocorticoids, which are associated with adverse effects. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic alternatives is needed. Diosmetin, an aglycone of the flavonoid diosmin, has antinociceptive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, we evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of topical diosmetin (0.01, 0.1 and 1%) in a UVB radiation-induced sunburn model in mice. The right hind paw of the anaesthetised mice was exposed only once to UVB radiation (0.75 J/cm2) and immediately treated with diosmetin once a day for 5 days. The diosmetin antinociceptive effect was evaluated by mechanical allodynia and pain affective-motivational behaviour, while its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring paw oedema and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. Mice exposed to UVB radiation presented mechanical allodynia, increased pain affective-motivational behaviour, paw oedema and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration into the paw tissue. Topical Pemulen® TR2 1% diosmetin reduced the mechanical allodynia, the pain affective-motivational behaviour, the paw oedema and the number of polymorphonuclear cells in the mice's paw tissue similar to that presented by Pemulen® TR2 0.1% dexamethasone. These findings indicate that diosmetin has therapeutic potential and may be a promising strategy for treating patients experiencing inflammatory pain, especially those associated with sunburn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guselkumab is an anti-interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody that is approved for plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. We present a case of a 28-year-old female patient with acute onset of guttate psoriasis after a blistering sunburn. She had no personal or family history of psoriasis or chronic inflammatory skin disease. The guttate psoriasis was refractory to topical treatment. After the first dose of guselkumab (100 mg subcutaneous injection), the patient experienced near-clearance of her guttate psoriasis, with continued improvement and drug-free remission 8 months after cessation of treatment. Dermatologists could consider guselkumab as a treatment option for patients with guttate psoriasis. Future studies should examine the potential for guselkumab to induce drug-free remissions in guttate psoriasis.

The document discusses the increased risk of skin cancers, specifically basal-cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC), in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) due to immunosuppression. Treatment primarily involves surgical excision, with adjuvant radiotherapy for aggressive SCC. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are used for advanced SCC in non-immunosuppressed patients, but their use in SOTR requires careful consideration due to the risk of allograft rejection. Prevention strategies include treating precancerous lesions and implementing photoprotection measures. Future perspectives include new immunotherapies, HPV vaccination, and local blockade of tacrolimus for tumor rejection. [Extracted from the article]

This study was carried out to investigate hematological parameters and immunoglobulin levels in Van cats with solar dermatitis. The animal material of this study consisted of 20 cats of different ages (3-15 years) and gender, diagnosed with "Solar Dermatitis" as a result of the examinations, and 7 cats without any apparent disease, located in the Van Cat Research and Application Center. V. cephalica blood samples were taken from sick and healthy cats. It was determined that there was a significant decrease in Thr (platelet) and Pct (platelet platecrit) (p<0.05) and Lym (lymphocyte) value (p<0.01) and a significant increase in Neu (neutrophil) and Eo (eosinophil) values (p<0.05) in Van cats with solar dermatitis. It was determined that there was a significant increase in the Glob (globulin) value of Van cats with solar dermatitis (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in the Alb (albumin)/Glob value (p<0.01). Among the immunoglobulins, IgA value decreased in Van cats with solar dermatitis compared to healthy ones, and increased IgE and IgG values, but this decrease and increase were not significant (p>0.05), while the IgM value of Van cats with solar dermatitis increased significantly (p<0.05). As a result, it has been revealed that the probability of solar dermatitis in Van cats is higher than other cat breeds, and that solar dermatitis does not cause a significant change in hematological and biochemical parameters. In addition, hematological and biochemical [TP (total protein), Alb, Glob] parameters and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM) levels were determined for the first time in cats with solar dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grape marc is a by-product resulting from the winemaking industry that still contains beneficial compounds that can be valorized. Thus, we report here the possibility of using polyphenolic extracts of grape marc origin to obtain sun protection creams. The extractions were performed in ethanol and acetone solutions using pomace from different grape varieties (Merlot, Bläufrankisch, Fetească Neagră, Isabella) as a raw material. The obtained extracts were analyzed in order to determine the total phenolic content, the antioxidant activity, and the sun protection factor (SPF) via Mansur spectrophotometric assay. The best results were achieved using 70% ethanol in water as a solvent. The extracts with the highest potential photoprotective effects are from the Merlot variety (SPFspectrophotometric = 7.83 ± 0.76). The sunscreens were prepared using the 70% ethanolic extract of the Merlot variety evaporated to dryness, redissolved in either distilled water or ethanol. The SPF estimated in vitro via the COLIPA method showed values of 14.07 ± 1.50 and 11.46 ± 1.32 for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively, when working with a cream to polyphenolic extract a ratio of 1/1 (w/w). At the same time, the use of aqueous polyphenolic extracts ensures the better stability of creams compared with the ethanolic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Higher latitude has been associated with increased occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and with more severe disease. The aim was to study the impact of sun exposure habits on MS disease progression and health‐related quality of life. Methods: Patients from a population‐based case–control study were categorized based on sun exposure habits at diagnosis and were followed up to 15 years post‐diagnosis through the Swedish MS registry (n = 3314) with regard to changes in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Linear mixed models were used to analyse long‐term changes, while Cox regression models, with 95% confidence intervals, were used to investigate outcomes, including 24‐week confirmed diasability worsening, EDSS3, EDSS4, and physical worsening as measured by the physical component of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29. Results: Compared to average sun exposure (median value), low exposure to sunlight was associated with faster EDSS progression, increased risk of confirmed disability worsening (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48, 95% CI 1.21–1.81), increased risk of reaching EDSS 3 (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02–1.79), EDSS 4 (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01–2.20) and self‐reported physical worsening (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.00–1.62). Significant trends revealed a lower risk of unfavourable outcomes with increasing sun exposure. Conclusions: Very low levels of sun exposure are associated with worse disease progression and health‐related quality of life in patients with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Scoring System (IHS4) as a more comprehensive tool for assessing the severity of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) compared to the commonly used Hurley staging. The IHS4 takes into account different lesion types and assigns them different weights to dynamically assess the severity of HS. The study analyzed data from two phase 3 trials of secukinumab and found that the IHS4 was able to categorize patients with moderate to severe HS more accurately than Hurley staging. The findings suggest that the IHS4 may be a valuable tool for evaluating HS severity in clinical practice. [Extracted from the article]

Background Anaemia and vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) are among the most common nutritional problems. Anaemia screening is routinely performed; however, screening for VDI is not usually recommended. Objectives To study the association between anaemia and VDI and identify the risk factors for VDI. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 120 infants aged 6–12 months attending a well-child clinic at Songklanagarind Hospital between December 2020 and November 2021. Sociodemographic data and 24-h food records were also collected. Blood samples were obtained for complete blood count and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for VDI. Results The mean 25(OH)D level was 22.2 ± 8.9 ng/mL in anaemic infants and 27.2 ± 9.6 ng/mL in non-anaemic infants (P value 0.01). The median (IQR) Hb level was 11.1 g/dL (10.3, 11.4) in the VDI group and 11.4 g/dL (11, 12.1) in the non-VDI group (P value 0.002). The proportion of breastfed infants was higher in infants with anaemia (80%) (P < 0.001) and VDI (85.3%) (P < 0.001). Sunlight exposure <15 min/day (odds ratio [OR] 3.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–12.00; P = 0.020) was a risk factor, and vitamin D intake (OR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20–0.74; P = 0.004) was a protective factor for VDI. Conclusion Infants with anaemia, short duration of sunlight exposure, breastfeeding, low vitamin D intake, and low iron intake were more likely to be vitamin D insufficient. However, after adjustment in the multivariate analyses, only sunlight exposure and vitamin D intake were significantly associated with vitamin D insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunburn is possibly the main problem affecting the apple production in the Southern Hemisphere including Chile. This study focused on determining the effect of shade nets to reduce sunburn incidence and reflective mulch to improve colour on canopy microclimate, vegetative growth, fruit quality, return bloom and profitability of two apple cultivars ('Gala Baigent' and 'Fuji Raku Raku') in southern Chile. The treatments evaluated were net, mulch, net + mulch. Trees without net or mulch served as the control. Results showed that PAR transmitted under the netting was reduced in an average of 26% and the mulch increased the reflected PAR from 3% to 5% (grass row control) to 20%–37%. Shoot length, yield, fruit maturity and return bloom were not affected using either net or mulch. The incidence of sunburn under net was reduced by 76%–80%, compared to the control; however, it also reduced fruit colouration, especially in 'Fuji Raku Raku'. The use of mulch under shade net increased the amount in 27% and 9% (average of seasons) of fruit in the Premium category of colour for 'Gala Baigent' and 'Fuji Raku Raku', respectively, which is only economically justified in circumstances of high incidence of sunburn and limitations of fruit colour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit cracking and sunburn are two major disorders that can negatively impact pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) production. To address these problems, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of silica (0, 100, 300, and 500 ppm) and calcium nitrate (0, 0.75%, and 1.5%) spraying on the fruit of 'Malase-Saveh' pomegranate. The treatments were applied three times during the growing season and a factorial experiment was conducted based on the completely randomized block design. The results indicate that most of the qualitative and quantitative traits were influenced by foliar spraying of these substances. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that foliar application of silica, calcium nitrate, and their interaction significantly affected fruit cracking. The lowest fruit cracking (1.06%) was obtained by spraying 500 ppm silica and 1.5% calcium nitrate, while the highest fruit cracking (21.6%) was recorded from untreated plants. The highest fruit weight (215.4 g) was observed in the treatment 1.5% calcium nitrate. Most of the treatments had a positive effect on fruit weight and increased it compared to the control. Moreover, the treatments improved some qualitative characteristics, such as an increase in fruit acidity and decrease in sunburn disorder. Ultimately, this study concluded that combined spraying of silica with calcium is more effective than individual use and results in the highest fruit yield and quality, as well as the lowest cracking and sunburn disorders. These findings suggest there are synergistic effects between these compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association between ultraviolet light index (UVI), as a marker for UV exposure, and seasonality with rash and systemic disease activity in youth with childhood-onset systemic lupus (cSLE) from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry. Methods: We reviewed data on rash and disease activity from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2 K) scores from cSLE CARRA Registry participants with visits between 2010 and 2019 and obtained zipcode level UVI data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Our main exposures were UVI and season during the month of visit and one month prior to visit. We used mixed-effects logistic regression models to examine associations between regional UVI (by zipcode)/season and odds of rash and severe SLEDAI-2 K score (≥ 5 vs. 0–4), adjusting for age, sex, race and income. Results: Among 1222 participants, with a mean of 2.3 visits per participant, 437 visits (15%) had rash and 860 (30%) had SLEDAI-2 K score ≥ 5. There were no associations between UVI during the month prior to visit or the month of the visit and odds of rash or elevated systemic activity. However, fall season was associated with increased odds of rash (OR = 1.59, p = 0.04), but not increased disease activity. Conclusion: This study found no association between UVI and rash or UVI and disease activity. However, further studies directly measuring UV exposure and accounting for patient-level protective behavioral measures may help to better understand the complex relationship between sun exposure and SLE disease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beach holidays in areas of strong sunlight are popular and sunscreen is often the primary means of photoprotection favored by many people. The object of this study was to estimate how effective sunscreen is in preventing sunburn under high ultraviolet (UV) levels. We used a computational model to determine how the quantity, frequency, substantivity, and labeled SPF of applied sunscreens impact on the predicted erythemal response in unacclimatized skin over the course of a 7‐day holiday in a high‐solar environment. Our results indicated that sunscreen on its own may be insufficient to prevent sunburn in white skin on a sun‐seeking holiday that combines prolonged exposure with high UV levels. Nevertheless, sunscreens have a valuable role to play on a beach holiday especially if an SPF30 or higher is chosen, the product is applied liberally and uniformly, application is started early into the sun exposure period and repeated at 2‐hourly intervals throughout the day, and the product binds well to the skin. The main limitation of our investigation is that it is not an observational study but rather a computational model and while all models are wrong, some, including this one, are useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As a result of genetically being deficient of melanin, albinos are particularly susceptible to skin damage from ultraviolet rays leading to photodermatoses such as sunburns, dermatoheliosis, and cutaneous cancers. These negatively affects quality of life and cause premature death. Little is known of the photoprotective measures available to and dermatological profile of persons with albinism in Plateau state, North Central Nigeria. Objective: To describe the dermatological profile of albinos in Plateau state, Nigeria, photo exposure levels, photoprotection strategies, and factors associated with presence of photodermatoses. Patients and methods: Consenting individuals with albinism attending the sensitization event hosted by the Centre for Albinism Right and Empowerment Network were recruited. Demographic information, occupational history, solar exposure, photoprotective practices, and perceived sun exposure were all documented using semistructured questionnaires. Physical and dermatological examination, dermoscopy, and laboratory investigations were used to make diagnosis. Statistical package for social sciences, version 26, was used to carry out univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: While a wide spectrum of skin diseases was observed among the 59 albinos that participated. Photodermatoses were three times more than nonphotodermatoses. The commonest photodermatoses were solar elastosis (55.9%), solar lentigines (44.1%), actinic keratosis (27.1%), and sunburn (25.4%). Skin cancers affected 10.2% of all patients and 16.6% of persons more than or equal to 20 years. Generally, the presence of photodermatoses was associated with age and occupation while actinic keratotic changes specifically was associated with living in rural areas (P=0.035). Despite this, only seven (11.9%) owned sunscreen at the time of study with more than a third (35.2%) being ignorant of existence of sunscreen lotions. Conclusion: Continuous multifaceted programs that involve tracking, education, prevention, early detection, and treatment of photodermatoses will be planned to be targeted towards persons with albinism living in Plateau state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunscald is a postharvest peel disorder on apples and pears caused by sun stress during fruit growth. It has been shown that a newly developed sun index using wavelength associated with chlorophylls and carotenoids can be used to detect sun-stressed areas on the fruit and use it as a sun-risk predictor at harvest for sunscald development in postharvest. SUNIndx is a group of functions coded in Python to process spectral data, calculate the index, visualize it in the hyperspectral image, and generate a sunscald-risk category of ‘Granny Smith’ apples at harvest. This software can be manipulated and tailored to detect sun stress in different fresh produce crops based on hyperspectral images.

Background: Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is a photodermatosis or a type of skin condition induced by exposure to sunlight, which triggers an immunological reaction. It consists of a polymorphic rash that appears upon exposure to the sun and some people regard it as a type of 'sun allergy'. It occurs in all races, with a predilection for females. Pinpoint papular polymorphous light eruption (PP-PMLE) has been reported in Afro-Americans with a skin phototype four (IV) to six (VI), in whom PMLE expresses itself in the form of pinpoint papules. The papules are 1-2 mm in size and are located in the typical distribution of other variants of PMLE. Methods: A case of pinpoint PMLE in a 51-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient with resolved discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is reviewed retrospectively. The laboratory work-up consisted of a skin biopsy and a blood sample for antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The diagnosis of PP-PMLE was based on the history, clinical examination and histopathology. Results: The case is an HIV-positive female with PP-PMLE with resolved DLE. Skin examination showed pinpoint hypopigmented flat papules on the lateral aspects of the neck, extensor forearms and the anterior aspects of the lower legs (Figures 1-3). The lesions were scanty on the face. The size ranged from 1 mm to 2 mm. The histopathology confirmed PP-PMLE. She responded well to topical steroids, sun avoidance and sunscreen. Conclusion: PP-PMLE is not uncommon and can be missed or be mistaken for other skin diseases. To date, the researchers have not come across any literature on PP-PMLE in Africans, with most cases having been reported in Afro-Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter, published in the Archives of Dermatological Research, discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sun habits of patients with melanoma. The authors conducted a study using electronic surveys administered to patients enrolled in two registries. The study found that increased time at home during the pandemic did not result in greater sun exposure among these patients. Instead, patients with melanoma spent less time outside and experienced fewer sunburns compared to before the pandemic. Factors such as study site, urban-rural setting, time since diagnosis, climate, ultraviolet exposure, and statewide pandemic responses may have influenced these changes. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of pandemic-related health policies on melanoma risk and sun exposure. [Extracted from the article]

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has various effects on human cells and tissues, which can lead to a variety of skin diseases and cause inconvenience to people's lives. Among them, solar dermatitis is one of the important risk factors for malignant melanoma, so prevention and treatment of solar dermatitis is very necessary. Additionally, liquiritin (LQ) has anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and pro-wound healing effects of liquiritin carbomer gel cold paste (LQ-CG-CP) in vitro and in vivo. The results of MTT experiments showed no cytotoxicity of LQ at concentrations of 40 μg/mL and below and cell damage at UVB irradiation doses above 60 mJ/cm2. Moreover, LQ can promote cell migration. ELISA results also showed that LQ inhibited the elevation of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after UVB irradiation. In the mouse model of solar dermatitis, 2% LQ-CG-CP showed the best therapeutic efficacy for wound healing and relief of itching compared to MEIBAO moist burn moisturizer (MEBO). What is more, the results of skin histopathological examination show that LQ-CG-CP promotes re-epithelialization, shrinks wounds, and promotes collagen production, thus promoting wound healing. Simultaneously, LQ-CG-CP reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression. In addition, LQ-CG-CP was not observed to cause histopathological changes and blood biochemical abnormalities in mice. Overall, LQ-CG-CP has great potential for the treatment of solar dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the study of sunburn and fruit surface temperature (FST) prediction in domestic fruit trees, we examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of FST and the predominant factors influencing FST on clear summer days by measuring the FST of detached apple and satsuma mandarin fruits, and monitoring ambient summer meteorological condition. With respect to the diurnal variation in FST, we found that the maximum FST of fruit (FSTmax) occurred on the surface facing southwest to west, approximately 2 h post-meridian transit time, thereby indicating that compared with other orientations, the surface of fruit facing these directions is at higher risk of sunburn. Our observations also revealed that under clear conditions, the FSTmax of apple and satsuma mandarin fruits can be at least 15°C above the daily maximum air temperature (ATmax). We also established that in addition to ATmax, fruit size plays a key role in determining FST. Furthermore, comparative black globes measurements also revealed that under clear conditions, a large black globe warmed to a greater extent than a similar smaller globe. Our findings in this study indicate that FST appears to be influenced by both fruit size and meteorological factors, using the data of which will enable precise FST predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly lowered mortality of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients adjusting life expectancy to that of the standard population. However, CML and its treatment with TKIs causes a high disease burden. Physical exercise (PE) could be a non-pharmacological approach to reducing these and improving quality of life. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the individual disease burden as well as PE preferences of CML patients and to deduce thereof specific PE recommendations. Methods: This multicenter survey was conducted in cooperation with the LeukaNET/Leukemia-patient network including CML patients aged =18 years (German Registry of Clinical Trials, DRKS00023698). The severity of selected symptoms was assessed using the adapted Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Symptom Assessment Form: 0 (absent), 1-30 (mild), 31-70 (moderate), or 71-100 (severe). Information about patients' PE needs and preferences depending on their motivation was recorded. Results: A total of 212 questionnaires were analyzed (52% female, median age 54 years). The prevalence of moderate-to-severe symptoms was 49% for fatigue, 40% for musculoskeletal pain, and 37% for concentration problems. Other commonly reported symptoms included skin reactions (42%) and weight gain (24%). The proportion of overweight/obese patients was 52%. Half of all respondents requested more information regarding PE. Patients with CML preferred individual training (82%), located outdoors (71%), at home (47%), or in an indoor swimming pool (31%). Regarding the training frequency, sportsinactive patients preferred a frequency of 1-2 training sessions per week, whereas sports-active patients preferred 3-4 sessions per week (p <0.001). Sports-inactive patients preferred a training time of 15-45 minutes, while sports-active patients preferred 30-60 minutes (p = 0.002). Subsequently, PE recommendations were developed for patients with CML. Combined resistance and endurance training (moderate intensity twice per week for 30 minutes) was recommended for beginners. Obese patients should prioritize joint-relieving sports. To reduce the risk of skin reactions, direct sunlight and possibly water sports should be avoided, and UV protection should be used. Conclusion: Counseling and motivation of CML patients to be physically active should be part of the standard of care as well as support for implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) from the sun is a significant environmental component that impacts on human health. Excessive UVR exposure has immediate impacts like burning and tanning, as well as long-term consequences including skin damage, photo-aging, skin malignancies. The objective for this study is to determine the student's knowledge, attitude and practice regarding solar ultraviolet exposure in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done in Public Sector University; total 361 students were recruited through stratified cluster sampling from different colleges of university. Data collection was done by validated structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of outcome variables with risk factors and p-value of <0.05 as a threshold of statistical analysis. RESULTS: Most of the students were appropriate knowledge (71%), positive attitude (51%) and safe practice (54%) regarding ultraviolet solar exposure. Almost half (69%) of participants were used sun protective agents. After adjustment of covariate, female gender (OR 2.20 (95% CI 1.29-4.07) (p-value 0.004), significantly associated with in-appropriate knowledge, third year students (OR 2.93 (95% CI 1.01-8.95) p-value 0.048) were significantly associated with negative attitude. Age group 18-21 years (OR 1.75(95% CI 1.43-5.31) p-value 0.003) were significantly associated with un-safe practice regarding solar ultraviolet exposure harmful effects. CONCLUSION: This study found that knowledge level was appropriate but attitude and practice level need to improve for prevention of harmful effects of solar ultra violet ray exposure. The study encourages students to be more aware of sun protection behavior in order to avoid the long-term effects of sun exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic solar ultraviolet radiation (sUVR) exposure leads to an increased incidence of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development, particularly when accumulated over decades. Workers in certain industries, such as construction, agriculture, postal workers, and the military, are at higher risk due to cumulative sUVR exposure in their line of work. By assessing the relationship between sUVR exposure in outdoor workers and their skin cancer risk and defining methods of prevention, clinicians can offer focused sun protection counseling to this unique population. PubMed was used to perform a literature review to address the following research questions: 1. How is ultraviolet radiation measured? 2. What is the modern utility of the ultraviolet index in modifying sun protection behaviors in outdoor industry workers? 3. What is the risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer development in individuals working in outdoor occupations? 4. What is the prevalence of skin cancer among outdoor workers? 5. Is the number of nevi and solar lentigines elevated among individuals employed in outdoor occupations? The literature suggests that individuals in outdoor occupations are exposed to UV levels that often surpass safety limits for occupational UVR exposure, increasing their risk of developing skin cancer and precursor and pigmented lesions. Individuals in high‐risk occupations experience significantly higher levels of sUVR exposure than their indoor worker counterparts, increasing their risk of malignant cutaneous transformation. Accordingly, these individuals must be counseled on effective solar protection methods, and employers should advocate for actionable change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: This Mendelian randomization (MR) study identified modifiable risk factors for isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). Methods: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for 29 modifiable risk factors for iRBD in discovery and replication stages were used. GWAS data for iRBD cases were obtained from the International RBD Study Group. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was primarily employed to explore causality, with supplementary analyses used to verify the robustness of IVW findings. Co-localization analysis further substantiated causal associations identified via MR. Genetic correlations between mental illness and iRBD were identified using trait covariance, linkage disequilibrium score regression, and co-localization analyses. Results: Our study revealed causal associations between sun exposure-related factors and iRBD. Utilizing sun protection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31 [0.14, 0.69], p = 0.004), ease of sunburn (OR = 0.70 [0.57, 0.87], p = 0.001), childhood sunburn occasions (OR = 0.58 [0.39, 0.87], p = 0.008), and phototoxic dermatitis (OR = 0.78 [0.66, 0.92], p = 0.003) decreased iRBD risk. Conversely, a deep skin color increased risk (OR = 1.42 [1.04, 1.93], p = 0.026). Smoking, alcohol consumption, low education levels, and mental illness were not risk factors for iRBD. Anxiety disorders and iRBD were genetically correlated. Conclusion: Our study does not corroborate previous findings that identified smoking, alcohol use, low education, and mental illness as risk factors for iRBD. Moreover, we found that excessive sun exposure elevates iRBD risk. These findings offer new insights for screening high-risk populations and devising preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunburn is a common and high-risk precancerous skin lesion caused by overexposure to ultraviolet radiation. Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy, a specialized in-depth profiling technique, has the potential to serve as a noninvasive, in vivo metrology tool for rapid assessment of sunburn and recovery. In this study, we employ the recently developed handheld spatially offset Raman spectrometer, which demonstrates the ability to perform in vivo in-depth skin profile in areas where sunburn develops and recovers. After evaluating the similarity of different in vivo individual skin sites, we collected time-dependent spectra to investigate the evolution of sunburn under different conditions. Our findings revealed that both the skin surface and subsurface undergo diverse compositional changes during sunburn, which can be readily detected using Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy. This method also proved valuable in evaluating the efficacy of different sunscreens and sunburn resistance across various skin regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]