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Immunotherapy has become a common means of cancer treatment. In immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have significant efficacy. Cancer and various opportunistic infections are common complications in patients with AIDS. Owing to the special immune situation of these patients, AIDS is regarded as an exclusion standard in most clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy, conferring immunotherapy difficulty in treating patients with AIDS. The popularity of effective antiretroviral drugs has prolonged the lifetime of people with AIDS. Therefore, exploiting the opportunity of using immunotherapy in AIDS with cancer is urgent.

The sales of cultural and creative products can bring substantial profit for the museums. Facing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, higher sales of cultural and creative products are pivotal for the sustainable development of museums. This study, based on the decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), constructed a model of factors influencing the intentions to purchase Museum’s Cultural and Creative Products and analyzed the 1,115 questionnaires returned. The empirical results showed good fit and explanatory power of the model and validated the decomposed TPB.

Mine exogenous fire monitoring methods were analyzed, and a mine exogenous fire identification method based on visible light and infrared image was proposed. ① Mine exogenous fire monitoring methods based on sensors for temperature, smoke and others need to arrange multiple points, so cost is high, and maintenance workload is large. ② Mine exogenous fire monitoring method based on visible light image has advantages of large monitoring range, simple use, low cost, small influence by distance, high resolution ratio, rich color information, clear edge texture information, easy extraction of flame structure information, etc. But it is influenced greatly by cap-lamp lights, roadway lights and red objects. ③ Mine exogenous fire monitoring method based on infrared image has advantages of large monitoring range and simple use, and can monitor fire in case of low visibility with smoke or others. But monitoring distance, mine dust, ambient temperature or humidity and emissivity of object surface all affect temperature measurement. Close-range workers, incandescent lamps and electromechanical equipment will affect fire monitoring. ④ The mine exogenous fire identification method based on visible light and infrared image improves accuracy of fire identification. When both visible light image and infrared image identify fire, it is determined to be a fire, and a fire alarm signal is issued. When there is only a single visible light image or infrared image to identify fire, it is not determined to be a fire, and a suspected fire alarm signal is issued. ⑤ The feasibility of the mine exogenous fire identification method based on visible light and infrared image is verified by experiments.

Based on analysis of principle and characteristics of mine fire monitoring methods such as temperature monitoring method, gas monitoring method, smoke monitoring method, visible light image monitoring method and infrared image monitoring method, a mine fire monitoring and trend prediction method based on multi-parameter fusion was proposed. Conclusions were got as following:① Thermocouple temperature measurement method and semiconductor temperature measurement method have advantages of high accuracy, strong real-time performance and early detection of early fire, but there are disadvantages such as large sensor consumption and large maintenance workload; Infrared temperature measurement method has advantages of wide monitoring range and easy sensor arrangement, but shielding and coal dust between sensor and measured object will affect monitoring result; Fiber distributed temperature measurement method has advantages of multi-point temperature monitoring and small amount of cable consumption, but there are disadvantages such as easy damage, complicated installation and difficult maintenance of optical fiber. ② Gas monitoring method and smoke monitoring method have advantages of wide monitoring range, convenient use and maintenance, but there are disadvantages such as cannot monitor early fire with low concentration of index gas and less smoke. ③ Visible light image monitoring method has advantages of wide monitoring range, convenient use and maintenance, low cost, but interference sources such as roadway light, miner's lamp, vehicle lamp and red clothes and smoke will affect monitoring effect, and the method cannot monitor early fire with no flame and less smoke.④ Infrared image monitoring method has advantages of wide monitoring range, convenient use and maintenance, but cost is high, and shielding and coal dust between infrared camera and measured object will affect monitoring effect. ⑤ Mine fire monitoring and trend prediction method based on multi-parameter fusion of temperature, smoke, gas concentration, odor, wind direction, wind speed, air volume, visible light image and infrared image can not only detect fire in time, but also locate fire source and predict fire development trend.

Application status of key technologies of gas telemetry based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy were introduced including tunable diode laser technology, signal noise reduction technology and trace gas detection technology. Some problems of the key technologies of gas telemetry were pointed out, such as unstable performance of tunable diode laser, short distance of gas telemetry, poor signal noise reduction effect and big error of trace gas detection. Development directions of the key technologies of gas telemetry were proposed, which were developing tunable diode laser with high performance, studying nonlinear and unstable signal noise reduction algorithm, and designing digital lock-in amplifier for underground.

Simple Summary: Heat stress (HS) negatively affects the health and productivity of domestic animals, particularly influencing embryo implantation rates. This study aims to understand the effects of heat stress on endometrial function in Hainan black goats during the peri-implantation period. We collected uterine tissue samples from both control and heat-stressed goats and conducted experiments under two temperature conditions: normal (37 °C) and heat stress (42 °C), along with two pharmacological treatments—chloroquine (CQ) and rapamycin (RAPA). Our results indicate that heat stress initially suppresses autophagy activity, which increases with prolonged exposure. Modulating autophagy through these treatments altered the expression of endometrial receptivity markers. Notably, the overexpression of a specific protein partially reversed the downregulation caused by heat stress. Additionally, a tight-junction protein was degraded under certain conditions but accumulated when cells were treated with CQ. These findings suggest that autophagy plays a protective role in maintaining endometrial function during heat stress, offering insights that may help improve reproductive outcomes in goats facing heat challenges Heat stress (HS) is a significant factor that adversely affects the health, welfare, and productivity of domestic animals, particularly impacting embryo implantation rates. However, the effects of HS on endometrial function during the peri-implantation period in Hainan black goats remain unclear. This study explores the influence of HS on the endometrium of these goats. We collected uterine tissue samples from both control and heat-stressed goats and performed in vitro experiments using a 2 × 2 factorial design. This design included two temperature conditions (37 °C as the control and 42 °C to simulate heat stress) and two pharmacological treatments: chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, and rapamycin (RAPA), an autophagy activator. Our results showed that heat stress initially suppresses autophagy activity, which is subsequently enhanced with prolonged exposure. The pharmacologic modulation of autophagy, through activation or inhibition, resulted in corresponding upregulation or downregulation of the endometrial epithelial cells' (EECs) receptivity markers. The overexpression of ATG7 partially reversed the HS-induced downregulation of these markers. Additionally, TJP1, a tight-junction marker, was degraded under the pharmacologic and genetic activation of autophagy in HS conditions but accumulated more in the EECs pre-treated with CQ. These findings suggest that autophagy plays a protective role in maintaining endometrial function under HS conditions in Hainan black goats. This study offers valuable insights into the role of autophagy in endometrial receptivity and proposes a potential strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of HS on goat reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to thoroughly explore the relationship between individual oral behavior and the differing numbers of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptom in the general population. Methods: A total of 565 participants were recruited and completed a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, eight specific oral behaviors, and five major TMD symptoms (5Ts) checklist. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between individual oral behavior and the number of TMD symptoms, after controlling for confounders. Results: The prevalence of TMD symptoms was up to 38.2% in the general population, with 64.6% of the participants engaging in one or more oral behaviors. Female participants showed a stronger positive association with most oral behaviors than males. Moreover, wake oral behaviors exhibited a higher correlation coefficient value with TMD symptom number than sleep oral behaviors. Among the eight oral behaviors, bruxism in sleep exhibited no significant correlation with the of TMD symptom number (P 0.05). Seven other specific oral behaviors were significantly correlated with the number of TMD symptoms by multivariate linear regression analysis (P< 0.01). The associations between the seven oral behaviors and TMD symptom number remained significant in sleep posture pressuring jaw (β: 0.165, 95% CI: 0.080– 0.250), bruxism in awake (β: 0.341, 95% CI: 0.132– 0.550), teeth clenching (β: 0.422, 95% CI: 0.264– 0.580), pressing, holding, or touching teeth together (β: 0.282, 95% CI: 0.169– 0.395), holding or tightening muscles without clenching (β: 0.447, 95% CI0.304– 0.589), holding jaw forward or to the side (β: 0.694, 95% CI0.526– 0.861), and holding jaw in rigid or tense position (β: 0.571, 95% CI0.418, 0.724) after adjustment for demographic factors (P< 0.01). Conclusion: There was a positive association between seven specific oral behaviors and TMD symptom number. Individuals with higher frequency of specific oral behaviors are more likely to suffer from more TMD symptoms. Sleep bruxism exhibited no association with TMD symptoms and symptom number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient electrochemical transformation of alkynoates into 3-sulfonated coumarins under transition metal- and oxidant-free conditions at room temperature is reported. The reaction proceeded via a radical-triggered domino aryl sulfonylation/5-exo cyclization/ester migration process and allowed the synthesis of 3-sulfonylated coumarins with good functional group tolerance. The reaction can be extended to the synthesis of quinolinones by capturing the sulfonyl radical with alkyne amides in good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the northern region of China, freeze–thaw cycles and chloride ion (Cl−) penetration are the primary factors affecting the durability of marine concrete. To investigate the influence of nanoparticles on the Cl− penetration resistance of marine concrete under the action of freeze–thaw cycles, nano-SiO2 and nano-Fe3O4 were added to plain concrete in different amounts. The Cl− penetration resistance of concrete under the action of freeze–thaw cycles was measured in a 5% NaCl solution. The relative dynamic modulus, mass loss rate, and Cl− content at different depths in concrete were measured to evaluate the salt-scaling resistance. The test results show that under salt freeze–thaw cycles, the relative dynamic modulus, bound Cl− content, and Cl− binding capacity of concrete with nanoparticles were higher than those of plain concrete. However, the mass loss, total Cl− content, and free Cl− content in concrete with nanoparticles were lower than those of plain concrete. With increasing nanoparticle content, the relative dynamic modulus, bound Cl− content, and Cl− binding capacity of the concrete first increased and subsequently decreased. However, the mass loss rate, total Cl− content, and free Cl− content first decreased and subsequently increased. The optimum amount of nano-SiO2 and nano-Fe3O4 in the concrete was 2%. The improvement effect of nano-SiO2 on the salt-scaling resistance of concrete was superior to that of concrete with the same amount of nano-Fe3O4. The addition of nanoparticles can accelerate the formation of hydrated products, enhance the chemical binding capacity and physical adsorption capacity of hydrated products to Cl−, and reduce the free Cl− content in concrete. This can improve the Cl− penetration resistance of marine concrete under the action of freeze–thaw cycles. This study provides a reference for the durable design of marine concrete in the northern region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, an electrochemical trifluoromethylation/cyclization reaction of unactivated alkenes within benzimidazole molecules by direct cascade with C2–H has been developed. The protocol used the readily available CF3SO2Na as the trifluoromethylation reagent. A variety of polycyclic benzimidazoles were successfully synthesized under transition metal- and oxidant-free conditions in 34–78% yields. In addition, the reaction was characterized by good regioselectivity, a wide range of substrates and scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural sweeteners generally refer to a sweet chemical component directly extracted from nature or obtained through appropriate modifications, mainly secondary metabolites of plants. Compared to the first-generation sweeteners represented by sucrose and the second-generation sweeteners represented by sodium cyclamate, natural sweeteners usually have high sweetness, low-calorie content, good solubility, high stability, and rarely toxic side effects. Historically, researchers mainly focus on the function of natural sweeteners as substitutes for sugars in the food industry. This paper reviews the bioactivities of several typical natural sweeteners, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-hyperglycemic activities. In addition, we have summarized the extraction, physicochemical properties, and application of natural sweeteners. The article aimed to comprehensively collate vital information about natural sweeteners and review the potentiality of tapping bioactive compounds from natural products. Hopefully, this review provides insights into the further development of natural sweeteners as therapeutic agents and functional foods. [Display omitted] • Natural sweeteners as substitutes for sugar have nutritional, healthy, and pharmacological values. • A comprehensive review of the bioactivities of natural sweeteners is given. • Natural sweeteners are used in both food and non-food industries. • Limits and future work on individual natural sweetener research were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]