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This study introduces the current status of recycling technology for waste lithium-ion batteries, with a focus on the environmental impact during the recycling process of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials. Composition of lithium-ion battery was analyzed in order to estimate which components are potentially dangerous to the environment. Heavy metals are main pollutants and change the pH of the environment; also, organic solvent actively reacts with oxidants and reducing agents in the environment. Other parts of waste battery mainly impact an air during the combustion or thermal decomposition generating toxic lithium, cobalt oxides, other gases. Sources of air, water, noise pollution, solid waste, and toxic chemicals generated in the recycling process were identified. Air pollutants generated at every stage of the process of positive electrode materials recycling include dust, acidic gases, and organic gases. The wastewater is generated mainly from the discharge pretreatment and cathode recovery processes (leaching and extraction). Although the wastewater volume is relatively small, its composition is complex, poorly biochemical and toxic (lithium compounds, organic solvents, etc.). In the dismantling process, plastic connectors, circuit boards, high-voltage wiring, powders, collectors and pool electrode material casings are generated as solid waste. Corresponding pollution prevention and control measures are suggested to prevent environmental pollution during the recycling process of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials.

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 has significant anti-tumor effects in various types of cancers, including human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its molecular targets and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Here, we aim to elucidate the potential mechanisms by which Rh2 suppresses HCC growth. We first demonstrate the role of Rh2 in inhibiting angiogenesis. We observe that Rh2 effectively suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in HUVECs. Furthermore, Rh2 significantly inhibits HepG2-stimulated HUVEC proliferation, migration and tube formation, accompanied by the downregulation of VEGF and MMP-2 expressions. We also reveal that Rh2 inhibits HCC growth through the downregulation of glypican-3-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We observe a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells upon Rh2 treatment, which is mediated by the inhibition of glypican-3/Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, downregulation of glypican-3 expression enhances the effects of Rh2 on the glypican-3/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, resulting in greater suppression of tumor growth in HepG2 cells. Collectively, our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms through which Rh2 modulates HCC growth, which involve the regulation of angiogenesis and the glypican-3/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These insights may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways for the treatment of HCC.

Children with certain comorbidities and immunocompromising conditions are highly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is an important strategy to reduce death， critical illness and overall disease burden. With the evolving and increasing transmission of SARS-CoV-2， universal vaccination is essential to achieve this goal. Children with special medical conditions are considered as the priorities for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However， vaccine hesitancy towards the implementation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination currently remains an urgent challenge. In order to promote the sustainable vaccination for those children in Shanghai as well as China， Shanghai municipal center for disease control and prevention， together with the national children’s medical center， children’s hospital of Fudan university and the expert group on immunization planning of the Shanghai preventive medicine association， organized a consensus expert working group to formulate the evidence-based recommendations and implementation suggestions for children with common chronic diseases， allergy history， diseases involving adverse events related to vaccination， and immunocompromising conditions， based on the published evidence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for populations and children with special medical conditions.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Minhang District， Shanghai from 2013 to 2022， and to evaluate the impact of adjusting the varicella vaccination program to a two-dose regimen and its inclusion in the Shanghai immunization program on the incidence of varicella.MethodsData on reported varicella cases from 2013 to 2022 in Minhang District were collected. Interrupted time series analysis and segmented regression models were used to analyze the changes in varicella incidence before and after the adjustment of varicella immunization strategies.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2022， the average annual incidence of varicella was 76.58/100 000， with the highest incidence in 2017 （119.21/100 000） and the lowest in 2022 （27.02/100 000）. The varicella incidence exhibited seasonal patterns with peaks occurring from March to June and October to January of the following year. Prior to the adjustment of varicella immunization strategies （2013‒2017）， the varicella incidence showed an upward trend （z=2.20， P=0.03）， while after the adjustment （2018‒2022）， a adownward trend was observed （2018‒2022） （z=-2.25， P=0.02）. Interrupted time series analysis showed that following the adjustment of varicella immunization strategies， an immediate change of -33.91/100 000 （t=-4.35， P

The neutron induced nuclear reaction cross section of fission products is related with the neutron flux and the reactor burnup, which plays an important role in accurately designing nuclear engineering. To predict (n, 2n) reaction cross sections especially those without experimental data, the relevant features were analyzed and the experimental data set were established on the basis of sorting out the experimental data recorded in EXFOR library. This work includes 5 294 (n, 2n) cross section measured results, among which a lot of experimental data concentrate around 14 MeV incident energy. Moreover, there may be divergence between measurements due to system error and negligence error. Faced with these real and defective data, researchers discovered laws behind them and established the compound nucleus reaction models. However this means a heavy workload. It would be surprising if machine learning could reach a quantitative level close to the evaluation results. The 8 features include the proton number Z, the mass number A, the single nucleon separation energy of both proton and neutron, the Casten factor, the level density, the pairing correction, and the incident energy. The back propagation artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree (DT) models were built to learn the experimental data set, respectively, adopting PyTorch and XGBOOST toolboxes. Draw lessons from the variational auto-encoder network, the 2 sub-networks with the same internal structure, which contains 128 neurons in 2 hidden layers, were designed to learn the mean and variance respectively. The boosting model integrates 16 decision trees. The training set includes 4 000 uniform and randomly selected data, while the remaining data constitute the test set. The results show that both ANN and XGBOOST models describe the experimental cross section data well, moreover model gives a smooth and continuous curve, indicating a certain predictive ability. For the case of lack of experimental data, the predictions are also basically consistent with the evaluation nuclear reaction data libraries. Compared with the XGBOOST model, the ANN model has somewhat better generalization ability in the range of neutron incident energy above 20 MeV. In the test set, the ANN predictions with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) deviation less than 10% from the experimental data account for more than 85%. Therefore we successfully established machine learning models to analysis and predicate (n, 2n) reaction cross section. On the other hand, through traditional nuclear reaction models, one can intuitively understand the relationship among physical quantities and build a picture of the reaction mechanism. However, machine learning models are often regarded as difficult to understand black boxes, which is questionable for physicists. In future it is planned to further apply machine learning for the nuclear data research to verify the rationality of the method.

To solve the problems of small local relief range, low continuity and high operational risk of rockburst, regional hydro-fracking and burst prevention system and engineering application research were carried out within thick and hard roof of a coal seam by well over thousand meters on and under the ground. The results show that, according to the loading conditions, the roof dominated rockburst can be divided into three types: superposed dynamic and static loading type, high static loading type and high static unloading type; The thick and hard roof is the main source of regional static and dynamic loading for rock burst initiation of mining surrounding rock. With the thick and hard roof as the target, which provides the source of dynamic and static load for rock burst initiation, a segmented fracturing pressure relief system for the roof with 1000 meter horizontal holes on and under the ground was established and fracking was carried out in this area. By destroying the integrity of the overlying roof in the burst prone area in advance on and under the ground, the load is transferred to the more intact roof area, so as to provide a low stress operational environment for underground excavation and extraction, and also make the rock burst initiation conditions inapplicable. The fracking and burst control tests on the roof area using the horizontal well drilled on the ground before the extraction of the panel, and underground drilling from the entries during the extraction were carried out respectively. Remarkable results have been achieved in practice, forming a new disaster prevention and control mode of “fracking before construction” for burst prone coal mines under construction, and “fracking before tunneling, fracturing before mining” for the producing coal mines.

The neutron induced nuclear reaction cross sections of fission products are related with the neutron fiux and the reactor burnup, which are important for the accurate of nuclear engineering design. To predict the (n,2n) reaction cross section, especially those lack of experimental measurements, we analyzed the relevant features and establish the experimental data set on the basis of sorting out the experimental data recorded in EXFOR library. The back propagation artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree (DT) models are built to learn the experimental data set, respectively, adopting PyTorch and XGBOOST toolboxes. we report that machine learning models are applied to analysis and predicate (n,2n) reaction cross section.

Objectives To investigate the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on immune function and systemic inflammation in young rats. Methods Eighteen young male SD rats aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal group, control group and TPN group, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group were not catheterized, and those in the control group were treated with normal saline after right jugular vein catheterization. The rats in the control group and normal group were fed standard food and water, and those in the TPN group were treated with TPN after right jugular vein catheterization, fasting and water abdication. All the young rats were sacrificed in 14 d later. The blood routine of peripheral blood was detected by automatic flow cytometry. The expression of HLA-DR in spleen cells, the proportion of Treg cells in peripheral blood, the ability of endotoxin-induced monocytes to produce TNF-α, apoptosis of lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+ T cells) and the ability of IFN-γ production after stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-4 in peripheral blood plasma were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with normal group and control group, the number of venous blood lymphocytes was decreased (P < 0.05), the HLA-DR expression level in spleen cells was reduced (P < 0.05), the proportion of Treg cells in peripheral blood was significantly higher in the TPN group (8.54±1.20) than that in the normal group (3.02±1.49) and the control group (3.00±0.75) (P < 0.05). The proportion of TNF-α induced by endotoxin was significantly lower in the TPN group (8.73±3.11) than the normal group (39.07±16.17) and control group (43.23±18.40). The percentage of IFN-γ produced by CD4+T lymphocytes stimulated by PHA was significantly lower in the TPN group (0.65±0.46) than the normal group (2.94±1.62) and the control group (2.97±1.39), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The TPN group had increased apoptosis of lymphocytes (CD4+ CD8+ T cells) at late stage (P < 0.05), increased IL-1β and TNF-α levels (P < 0.05) while decreased IL-10 and IL-4 levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion TPN sustained for 2 weeks can lead to congenital and acquired immune impairment and increase of pro-inflammatory factors in young mice. Early initiation of enteral nutrition is of great significance to reduce immune injury and systemic inflammation.

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor activity and mechanism of lapatinib, paclitaxel and their combination on esophageal cancer cells EC109. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the effects of lapatinib (1, 2, 4, 8 μmol/L), paclitaxel (5, 10, 20, 40 μg/L) and their combination on the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells EC109. We tested the effects of 2 μmol/L lapatinib, 10 μg/L paclitaxel and their combination on the invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis and EGFR, HER2 and downstream signaling pathways of EC109 cells. Results Lapatinib combined with paclitaxel synergistically inhibited the proliferation of EC109 cells, and the combined action index was greater than 1.15. The number of invaded cells in the combination group (62.0±9.5) was significantly less than those in the lapatinib group (152.4±16.1) and the paclitaxel group (103.6±12.7) (P < 0.05). G2/M cells in the combination group ((43.4±3.1)%) was higher than those in lapatinib group ((20.3±2.5)%) and paclitaxel group ((26.6±2.8)%) (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of the combination group was (47.3±8.4)%, higher than those of lapatinib ((12.7±2.3)%) and paclitaxel group ((21.4±5.2)%) (P < 0.05). Lapatinib combined with paclitaxel could synergistically inhibit the expression of phosphorylated EGFR, HER2 and AKT proteins. Conclusion Lapatinib combined with paclitaxel exert synergistic antitumor activity by synergistically inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of esophageal cancer cell line EC109, arresting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the transduction of EGFR/HER downstream signaling pathway.

In view of the notice issued by the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety Supervision on the acceptance specifications for the Upgrading and Transformation of Coal Mine Safety Supervision and Control Systems, as well as the requirements of AQ 6201-2019 on technical indexes such as digitalization, anti-electromagnetic interference, inspection cycle, remote control, etc., a low-power all digital optical interface substation based on multi-bus architecture is designed. The substation has RS485, CAN, optical interface and other bus structures, and the key technology of man-computer interaction for reducing power consumption in substation are discussed, through the independent design of the traditional human-computer interaction display function, the power consumption is reduced obviously. Through various tests submitted by the system for inspection, all indexes of the sub-station are higher than the standard requirements, and the electrical fast pulse group immunity test of system has reached level 3 A, and the surge level 4 B, with high electromagnetic compatibility level, stable and low power consumption and other characteristics.

This paper designs a kind of power integrated regional fire-fighting Internet of Things optical port substation, introduces the system architecture, discusses the analog signal isolation anti-interference, switching value and communication isolation circuit, power integrated power supply strategy, network optical port and other key technologies. Take STM32F429 as the control core, combined with the output circuit and control strategy of the sensor, the substation realizes the regional fire-fighting function of full isolation, patrol detection and early warning of the object connection, and integration of power supply and photoelectric port, which improves the anti-interference ability of the monitoring system.

A kind of Internet of things intrinsic safety rescue watch with fast networking and detection is designed. Taking NRF52832 as the control core, Bluetooth 5.0 and mesh networking technology are used to realize fast networking of mesh network after disaster and fast detection of RSSI signal strength area and realize equipment interconnection, intelligent perception, early warning and patrol inspection through mesh network. The test results show that the device can effectively improve the safety and efficiency of the first-line miners, and has practical significance for rapid detection and rescue.

The covariance evaluation for neutron cross sections in CENDL is briefly introduced in this work. The methodology for evaluation contains the nuclear reaction theoretical model-dependent approach and the non-model dependent one according to the amount of experimental data. Both approaches are based on the Generalized Least-Squares (GLSQ) method. To obtain more reliable uncertainties from experimental measurement, the analysis of the sources of experimental uncertainties (ASEU) is used rigorously in the evaluation. Moreover, machine learning (ML) methods which can deal with the data mining with a more automatic way are employed to evaluate the cross sections in a large-scale nuclear mass region to compensate the uncertainties on some nuclides and reactions, lack of experimental data for, e.g., unstable nuclei and fission products. The covariance files for 70 fission product nuclei are obtained through the model-dependent method in CENDL-3.2, and the covariances for U and Pu isotopes have also been finished with high fidelity, which will be released as part of the next CENDL.

Civil aircraft is the most complicated production of the world and during the manufacture various kinds of manufacture nonconformities occur at times. Superfluous hole is one of the most typical nonconformity types. When coping with this kind of problem, engineers often lack experience or standard treatment criteria, which may cause verbose treatment progress, low production efficiency or even technique risk. This article firstly introduces reasons for different types of superfluous holes and figures out treatment procedure and methods and analyses strength evaluation and assessment method.

BACKGROUND: Human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (hESC-derived RPE) are a promising source for cell-replacement therapy to treat retinal degenerative diseases, but research on RPE cryopreservation is limited. This study aimed to determine the best phase for RPE cryopreservation to preserve the post-thaw function and uncover the mechanism underlying RPE freezing tolerance. METHODS: hESC-derived RPE cells were cryopreserved at various time points after seeding. After thawing, the survival and attachment rates, RPE marker gene expression, apical-basal polarity, PEDF secretion, transepithelial resistance, and phagocytotic ability of post-thaw RPE cells were evaluated. RNA sequencing was performed on RPE cells at three-time points, differentially expressed genes were identified, and gene ontology, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, and protein-protein interaction analyses were used to investigate the key pathways or molecules associated with RPE cell freezing tolerance. RESULTS: RPE frozen at passage 2 day 5 (P2D5) had the highest cell viability and attachment after thawing. They also retained properly localized expression of RPE marker genes and biological functions such as PEDF secretion, high transepithelial resistance, and phagocytic ability. The RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that RPE cells at P2D5 expressed high levels of cell cycle/DNA replication and ECM binding associated genes, as well as THBS1, which may serve as a possible hub gene involved in freezing tolerance. We also confirmed that the RPE cells at P2D5 were in the exponential stage with active DNA replication. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that freezing hESC-derived RPE cells during their exponential phase results in the best post-thawing outcome in terms of cell viability and preservation of RPE cell properties and functions. The high expression levels of the cell cycle and ECM binding associated genes, particularly THBS1, may contribute to better cell recovery at this stage.