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AIM:To identify transcriptional differences between the ocular surface ectoderm(OSE)and surface ectoderm(SE)using RNA-seq, and elucidate the OSE transcriptome landscape and the regulatory networks involved in its development.METHODS:OSE and SE cells were differentiated from human embryonic stem(hES)cells. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between OSE and SE were analyzed using RNA-seq. Based on the DEGs, we performed gene ontology(GO)analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis. Transcription factors(TFs)and hub genes were screened. Subsequently, TF-gene and TF-miRNA regulatory networks were constructed using the NetworkAnalyst platform.RESULTS:A total of 4 182 DEGs were detected between OSE and SE cells, with 2 771 up-regulated and 1 411 down-regulated genes in OSE cells. GO-BP analysis revealed that up-regulated genes in OSE were enriched in the regulation of ion transmembrane transport, axon development, and modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. Down-regulated genes were primarily involved in nuclear division, chromosome segregation, and regulation of cell cycle phase transition. KEGG analysis indicated that up-regulated genes in OSE cells were enriched in signaling pathways such as cocaine addiction, axon guidance, and amphetamine addiction, while down-regulated genes were enriched in proteoglycans in cancer, ECM-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Additionally, compared with SE, 204 TFs(including FOS, EGR1, POU5F1, SOX2, and PAX6)were up-regulated, and 80 TFs(including HAND2, HOXB6, HOXB5, HOXA5, and HOXB8)were down-regulated in OSE cells. Furthermore, we identified 6 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated hub genes in OSE cells, and constructed TF-gene and TF-miRNA regulatory networks based on these hub genes.CONCLUSIONS:The transcriptome characteristics of OSE and SE cells were elucidated through RNA-seq analysis. These findings may provide a novel insight for studies on the development and in vitro directed induction of OSE and corneal epithelial cells.

In order to improve the English writing ability of college students and help them lay a good foundation for written communication in English when they graduate from school or continue their studies abroad. This paper collects data on college students’ English writing on the Internet through a clustering algorithm with the support of big data technology background and defines the scoring criteria for essays to target the deficiencies in college students’ English writing nowadays and urge students to correct them. With the support of a search algorithm, we obtained the demand for college students’ English from employers in China over the past 10 years and reflected on the aggregated demand data to link classroom teaching with workplace English. The study found that the English language skills valued by employers in order were speaking 80.5%, writing 86.3%, reading 57.9%, listening 40.2%, and translation 21.7%. A demand questionnaire survey was conducted randomly among non-English majored first- to fourth-year undergraduate students in five universities with tiered teaching. The results showed that 72% of the students thought they needed to improve their English speaking skills, 70.3% thought they needed to improve their English writing skills, and 40% thought they needed to improve their grammar skills, which shows that college students’ needs for improving their English speaking and writing skills are particularly prominent. The emphasis on English writing classroom education for college students can solve the urgent needs of students for English learning and improve college students’ English writing skills through big data science.

The coupling inductance parameters of motor simulator have a great influence on the system performance, however, there is limited detailed analysis and research of their parameter selection. This paper proposes a method for quickly selecting inductance parameters. Firstly, an approximate selection range of inductance parameters is calculated through theoretical analysis.Then, the system controller design is analyzed and verified by simulation on a certain type of motor. The optimal inductance parameter is selected in consideration of the range of calculation parameters and simulation results. Finally, the influence of different switching frequencies on the system current errors is studied under the selected inductance parameters. This approach to quickly select switching frequencies was simulated. The simulation and analysis results show that, a switching frequency of the simulator reaching 10-20 times that of the tested converter can guarantee current errors less than 5% in the speed range, provided that decoupling inductance parameters are reasonably selected.

Objective To investigate the effect of modular teaching combined with progressive cases in clinical nursing teaching of anorectal surgery. Methods Totally 90 nursing students who participated in the internship in the Department of Anorectal Surgery were selected and divided into the control group and observation group according to the time of arrival, with 45 nursing students in each group. The control group received conventional clinical nursing teaching mode, while the observation group was given modular teaching combined with progressive cases teaching method. The outcomes of theoretical examination and practical skills assessment of two groups were compared. A questionnaire survey was adopted to evaluate the satisfaction with teaching method in the observation group. Results Scores of theoretical examination, practical skills and ward-round assessment of nursing students in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0. 01). Students in the observation group believed that modular teaching combined with progressive cases were effective to enhance the knowledge level and practice skills of anorectal surgery nursing, improve nursing students’ learning initiative, clinical thinking, sense of teamwork and communication ability. Conclusion The application of modular teaching combined with progressive cases can effectively improve the performance and comprehensive ability of nursing students. (目的 研究模块化教学结合进展性案例在肛肠外科临床护理教学中的应用效果。方法 选取2022年医院肛肠外科实习护生90例, 根据实习时间先后分为对照组45例和观察组45例。对照组采取常规临床护理教学模式, 观察组选择模块化教学结合进展性案例临床护理教学模式。对比两组实习护生成绩, 评价观察组实习护生对模块化教学结合进展性案例的满意度。结果 观察组实习护生理论成绩、操作考核成绩、查房成绩均高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。观察组实习护生认为该种临床护理教学有助于理论知识、临床技能的掌握, 有助于提升学习积极性、临床思维能力、团队合作意识提升和沟通交流能力提升。结论 在肛肠外科临床护理教学中应用模块化教学结合进展性案例效果明确, 可以有效提升实习护士理论考核和实际操作成绩, 提升护生综合能力。)

The conventional method of increasing the current carrying capacity of the submarine cable landing section increases the manufacturing cost of the submarine cable and the long-term operational reliability. This paper introduces the unequal diameter cable joint technology and checks and analyzes the actual current-carrying capacity of the 220 kV submarine cable landing section and the submarine section. Also， it proposes a differentiated unequal diameter submarine cable landing section and submarine section conductor cross-section matching principle and evaluates the economic efficiency of the unequal diameter cable matching scheme. The research results show that the larger the conductor cross-section of the submarine cable， the greater the drop in current-carrying capacity during the landing section. In the unequal diameter matching method， the single-core or copper wire armored submarine cable requires a smaller conductor cross-section. The maximum transmission capacity can be obtained when the submarine cable line is all single-core copper wire armored. When it is all single-core steel wire armor， it can take account of the larger transmission capacity of the submarine cable line and the optimal unit capacity cost.

Angiosarcoma(AS) is a rare malignant soft tissue sarcoma with poor differentiation and outcome originating from vascular or lymphatic endothelial cells. Currently, there is still no consensus on the treatment of AS. The chemoradiotherapy and surgical resection are the main treatment, but the curative effect is not good. With the rapid development of molecular biology, new molecular targets have been found gradually, which can benefit some patients. In addition, with the development of immunotherapy, the treatment of AS has been greatly enriched. This article expands on the progress of molecular targeting and immunotherapy of angiosarcoma and provides a reference for clinical colleagues.

ObjectiveTo construct a set of scientific, reasonable and operable index system for municipal food safety supervision, to provide a reference for the precise evaluation of food safety supervision level of various cities.MethodsBased on the experience of establishing food safety demonstration counties in Zhejiang province, the evaluation index system was determined by using balanced scorecard theory and network analytic hierarchy process (AHP) through field research method, literature and expert interview. The system was applied to evaluate 11 cities in Zhejiang province.ResultsThe weights of the four first-level indicators of work performance, relevant stakeholders, internal management and learning and growth are 0.107 6, 0.343 9, 0.488 3 and 0.062 1 respectively. Under the first-level indicators, there are 10 second-level indicators and 51 third-level indicators. The evaluation result of 11 cities are consistent with the evaluation result of Zhejiang food safety work in 2020.ConclusionThe evaluation index system can scientifically and objective ly evaluate and reflect the level of food safety supervision in each city.

Ginger is not only a condiment for daily cooking,but also a plant crop with high medicinal value.Its medicinal effect and various processed products are recorded in Chinese medical books.By introducing the main components of ginger and different processing methods,according to the different processing methods,this paper explained the influence of processing on the main components and cell structure of ginger,discussed the reasons for the change of main components,compared the differences in the efficacy of different ginger products,and summarized the influence of different processing methods on the functional characteristics and application of ginger.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor and remains incurable. Previous work has shown that systemic administration of Decitabine (DAC) induces sufficient expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTA) in GBM for targeting by adoptive T-cell therapy in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which DAC enhances immunogenicity in GBM remain to be elucidated. Using New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) as a representative inducible CTA, we demonstrate in patient tissue, immortalized glioma cells, and primary patient-derived gliomaspheres that basal CTA expression is restricted by promoter hypermethylation in gliomas. DAC treatment of glioma cells specifically inhibits DNA methylation silencing to render NY-ESO-1 and other CTA into inducible tumor antigens at single-cell resolution. Functionally, NY-ESO-1 T-cell receptor-engineered effector cell targeting of DAC-induced antigen in primary glioma cells promotes specific and polyfunctional T-cell cytokine profiles. In addition to induction of CTA, DAC concomitantly reactivates tumor-intrinsic human endogenous retroviruses, interferon response signatures, and MHC-I. Overall, we demonstrate that DAC induces targetable tumor antigen and enhances T-cell functionality against GBM, ultimately contributing to the improvement of targeted immune therapies in glioma.SignificanceThis study dissects the tumor-intrinsic epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying enhanced T-cell functionality targeting decitabine-induced cancer-testis antigens in glioma. Our findings demonstrate concomitant induction of tumor antigens, reactivation of human endogenous retroviruses, and stimulation of interferon signaling as a mechanistic rationale to epigenetically prime human gliomas to immunotherapeutic targeting.

Gingerol is one of the bioactive ingredients in ginger，which plays an important role in the medicinal efficacy of ginger.In this study，the chemical structure and composition of gingerol were introduced，and the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction technology and separation methods of components were compared according to the difference of gingerol compounds.In addition，the main problem of determining gingerol method was put forward.The research progress of gingerol functions and mechanisms including anti-tumor，antioxidant，anti-inflammatory and anti lipid of gingerol in the domestic and foreign were introduced.According to it’s functional characteristics，the application prospects of gingerols in food，medicine，health care and cosmetics were finally prospected.

Subwavelength structures such as subwavelength gratings (SWGs) and subwavelength metamaterials are capable of tailoring the optical properties of materials and controlling the flow of light at the nanoscale. The effective indices of the subwavelength structured strip and slab waveguides can be changed in a wide range by choosing an appropriate duty cycle or a filling factor of silicon, which provides an effective method to manipulate the optical field and achieve effective index matching for functional devices. Recent advances in nanofabrication techniques have made it possible to implement subwavelength structures in silicon strip and slab waveguides. Here we review various approaches used to design subwavelength structures and achieve exotic optical responses and discuss how these structures can be used to realize high-performance silicon photonic devices. Both one-dimensional SWG devices and two-dimensional subwavelength metamaterial devices are covered in this review, including subwavelength structure–based polarization handling devices, mode manipulation devices, and building blocks for integrated optical interconnects. Perspectives on subwavelength structured silicon photonic devices are also discussed.

In fluorosis-endemic areas, exposure to high levels of fluoride causesneurotoxicity such as lowered intelligence and cognitive impairment. Oxidativedamage is critical to pathophysiologic processes of fluoride intoxication, andneurotoxicity of fluoride may be associated with oxidative stress. In previousstudies, maize purple plant pigment (MPPP), which was rich in anthocyanins,showed a strong scavenging activity in vitro and invivo. The present study aimed to determine whether treatment withMPPP can alleviate fluoride-induced oxidative damage in rat brain. After 3months of experiment, brain tissues were assayed for oxidative stress variables,histological and Western blotting examinations. Our results showed that MPPPreduced the elevated malondialdehyde levels, increased superoxide dismutaseactivity, and further attenuated histopathological alterations and mitigatedneuronal apoptosis. Importantly, MPPP also reversed changes in Bax and Bcl-2.Therefore, it was speculated that MPPP protects brain tissue from fluoridetoxicity through its antioxidant capacity.

The special imaging mechanism of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) causes the sidelobe effect on SAR images. In target detection, the sidelobe effect changes the shapes of strong reflective targets, which results in the problems of localization difficulty and localization error. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a ship detection algorithm based on Spatially Variant Apodization (SVA) and Order Statistic-Constant False Alarm Rate (OS-CFAR). First, the global-CFAR algorithm is used to prescreen the potential target points, which reduces the computational burden of the following steps. Second, the SVA algorithm is modified to improve the speed of sidelobe suppression and applied to the raw complex image data. Then, the nonlinear method OS-CFAR is used to detect the targets on the processed image, and the morphological dilation processing is used to make up for the wrong suppressed points caused by the SVA algorithm. Finally, the GF-3 SAR images are used to test the algorithm and the comparison of the image contrast and detected numbers in the results with SVA and without SVA verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

[Objectives] During the discharging of ship-used steam power,steam jet condensation was a common physical process. In order to fully grasp the fundamental physical phenomena within steam submerged jet and condensation under open space,CFD simulation with Mixture multiphase model was carried out.[Methods] With the experimental results,heat transfer model was modified. Vapor volume fraction 0.95 was regarded as the critical value to measure the length of plume. Spatial distribution of plume,velocity,temperature and pressure fields for steam submerged jet and condensation under different inlet pressure and condensed water temperature conditions were studied.[Results] Simulation results show that different initial state would affect the plume shapes. Within stable steam submerged jet and condensation,a relatively lower temperature area is appeared in the core of plume. Pressure distribution along the axial direction is present in a fluctuating form,verifies the existence of the expand-compress wave inside the plume,amplitude and spatial wavelength of the pressure fluctuation are increased with increasing inlet pressure.[Conclusions] Study in this paper could provide guidance for the optimal design of steam submerged jet and condensation.

In this randomized phase II clinical trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of adding the TLR agonists, poly-ICLC or resiquimod, to autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (ATL-DC) vaccination in patients with newly-diagnosed or recurrent WHO Grade III-IV malignant gliomas. The primary endpoints were to assess the most effective combination of vaccine and adjuvant in order to enhance the immune potency, along with safety. The combination of ATL-DC vaccination and TLR agonist was safe and found to enhance systemic immune responses, as indicated by increased interferon gene expression and changes in immune cell activation. Specifically, PD-1 expression increases on CD4+ T-cells, while CD38 and CD39 expression are reduced on CD8+ T cells, alongside an increase in monocytes. Poly-ICLC treatment amplifies the induction of interferon-induced genes in monocytes and T lymphocytes. Patients that exhibit higher interferon response gene expression demonstrate prolonged survival and delayed disease progression. These findings suggest that combining ATL-DC with poly-ICLC can induce a polarized interferon response in circulating monocytes and CD8+ T cells, which may represent an important blood biomarker for immunotherapy in this patient population.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01204684.

Based on the specific situation of ecological environment of resource-based cities in Heilongjiang Province, this paper puts forward the development goal and key points of sustainable development of ecological environment, and puts forward the guarantee measures of sustainable development of ecological environment of resource-based cities from three levels of government, enterprise and the public.

In comparison with responses in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM), the intracranial response of brain metastases (BrM) to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is less well studied. Here, we present an integrated single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) study of 19 ICB-naive and 9 ICB-treated BrM samples from our own and published data sets. We compared them with our previously published scRNA-Seq data from rGBM and found that ICB led to more prominent T cell infiltration into BrM than rGBM. These BrM-infiltrating T cells exhibited a tumor-specific phenotype and displayed greater activated/exhausted features. We also used multiplex immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomics to reveal that ICB reduced a distinct CD206+ macrophage population in the perivascular space, which may modulate T cell entry into BrM. Furthermore, we identified a subset of progenitor exhausted T cells that correlated with longer overall survival in BrM patients. Our study provides a comprehensive immune cellular landscape of ICB's effect on metastatic brain tumors and offers insights into potential strategies for improving ICB efficacy for brain tumor patients.