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As shale oil exploration and development intensifies， the experimental technologies for shale oil development have been continuously improved while inheriting the experimental technologies and methods of conventional reservoirs and shale gas reservoirs， and a set of experimental technology systems of reservoir physics and flow mechanisms has been initially formed， which provides strong technical support for geological evaluation of shale reservoirs， reservoir engineering optimization design， and enhanced oil recovery. The development status of six experimental technologies in China and abroad， including porosity， permeability， oil-water saturation， wettability， relative permeability， and imbibition， was systematically summarized. In view of the characteristics of continental shale oil， such as low maturity， strong heterogeneity， and well-developed lamina and micro-fractures， the measurement methods and principles， key influencing factors， control conditions of experiments， advantages and disadvantages and technical applicability of experiment methods were analyzed. The main problems， development trends， and research direction of these experimental technologies were put forward. The results show that ① unifying the cleaning agent and cleaning time of rock samples is the key to improving the comparability of different measurement methods of porosity， and nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of porosity is the technological development direction to meet the needs of rapid analysis in mining fields； ② the irregular and multi-directional permeability measurement technology capable of simulating formation pressure changes is the future technological development direction； ③ the alcohol soaking method and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance （T1-T2） method are the technological development direction of the determination of shale oil-water saturation， but they still face the problem of the influence of clay bound water and adsorbed oil on the determination accuracy； ④ the droplet morphology method is one of the future development directions of measurement technology of shale reservoir wettability， which requires further research and unified standards in experimental methods and comprehensive evaluation methods for surface wetting and spontaneous imbibition processes； ⑤ the combination of experimental measurement and numerical method is an effective way to obtain the relative permeability of shale reservoirs， and the micro-oil and water metering， end-effect correction， as well as technologies and methods considering the time-varying pressure are the key directions； ⑥ pressure imbibition measurement method should be used to evaluate imbibition effect and optimize well kill time in elastic development after fracturing. Pressure imbibition measurement methods based on nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum， stratification T2 spectrum， and T1-T2 spectrum will be one of the essential technological development directions.

Jiyang Depression is rich in petroleum resources. However， as the exploration degree intensifies， the exploration difficulty of the Paleogene conventional petroleum reservoirs is increasing. Therefore， exploring new fields and ensuring the effective supplement of resources is urgent. The strata in Jiyang Depression is well developed， and the pre-Paleogene buried hill is widely distributed， with a great thickness and significant exploration potential. However， the exploration results are unsatisfactory due to the early formation of deep buried hills， complex geological evolution history， and poor quality of deep seismic data. In recent years， with continuous breakthroughs in experimental technologies， deepening research on basic geology， and massive seismic data processing methods， the exploration of buried hills has yielded many promising leads. This has led to an understanding of petroleum exploration in buried hills characterized by multiple periods of structures contributing to hills， multiple sets of source rocks supplying hydrocarbons in conjunction， multi-element control of advantageous reservoir formation， and various modes of orderly controlling the reservoir. The risk direction and exploration targets for deep buried hills were clarified， and the ways for further petroleum potential exploration in Jiyang Depression were pointed out through an in-depth dissection of the discovered reservoirs， coupled with the exploration experience of neighboring areas. Specifically， the risk exploration directions for each stratum were as follows： fault-fractured bodies， fault-dissolved bodies， and other enclosures within the buried hills of the Archean； concealed fault block traps and internal grain beaches， as well as lithologic traps formed by layer-following dissolution of the lower Paleozoic； deep coal-measure gas reservoirs with a burial depth of greater than 2 000 meters of the upper Paleozoic； lithologic traps controlled by fractures and sand bodies of the Mesozoic.

Photonic-integrated circuits based on erbium-doped thin film lithium niobate on insulator has attracted broad interests with insofar various waveguide amplifiers and microlasers demonstrated. Wideband operation facilitated by the broadband absorption and emission of erbium ions necessitates the functional integration of wavelength filter and multiplexer on the same chip. Here, a low-loss wavelength division multiplexer at the resonant pumping and emission wavelengths (∼1480 nm and 1530–1560 nm) of erbium ions based on angled multimode interferometer is realized in the erbium-doped thin film lithium niobate on insulator fabricated by the photolithography assisted chemomechanical etching technique. The minimum on-chip insertion losses of the fabricated device are 20 nm is measured at the telecom C-band. Besides, direct visualization of the multimode interference pattern by the visible upconversion fluorescence of erbium ions compares well with the simulated light propagation in the multimode interferometer. Spectral tuning of the wavelength division multiplexer by structural design is also demonstrated and discussed.

Compared with the traditional source radiated power estimation method, the matched-field source radiated power estimation method can obtain more accurate estimation results. However, its performance is greatly influenced by environmental mismatch. This paper defines the impact factor of environmental mismatch to quantify the impact of environmental mismatch on the acoustic transfer function and the matched-field source radiated power estimation method. It determines that the key to improve the robustness of environmental mismatch is to accurately estimate the acoustic transfer function. In the traditional matched-field source radiated power estimation method, the search domain of the acoustic transfer function is a distance-depth two-dimensional plane and does not contain the true acoustic transfer function when the environment is mismatched. Therefore, the estimation results of the acoustic transfer function are bound to deviate from those of the true acoustic transfer function. The paper expands the search domain dimension to a three-dimensional search domain that contains distance, depth and uncertain parameter sets. The true acoustic transfer function is included in the search domain. Thus the optimal alternative acoustic transfer function is equal to the true acoustic transfer function. The objective function for the three-dimensional search domain is constructed. The smaller the absolute value of the objective function, the less the acoustic transfer function estimation deviates from the true acoustic transfer function. The source radiated power is estimated more accurately when the alternative acoustic transfer function estimation corresponding to the minimum absolute value of the objective function. The simulation results verify the theoretical analysis results.

Vehicle ‒ energy‒road‒ cloud collaboration seamlessly integrates vehicles, energy, transportation, and the cloud, which is conducive to accelerating the formation of a new intelligent, low-carbon, safe, and efficient ecosystem of travel and life. The collaboration aims to promote the high-quality development of the automobile industry. However, in the new technological situation, further forming a sound ecology that features “intelligent car + interactive energy + digital road + collaborative cloud” and exploiting its value advantages are important tasks for the vehicle‒energy‒road‒cloud collaboration in China. This study analyzes the development trend of China’s automobile industry in the context of new energy transformation, the development of intelligent connected vehicles, artificial intelligence, carbon neutrality, and other new technological situations. It introduces the system composition, current development status, interrelationships, and overall framework of the vehicle‒energy‒road‒cloud industry from five aspects: vehicle, energy, road, cloud, and industry integration. This study also summarizes the opportunities and challenges faced by the integrated development of China’s vehicle‒energy‒road‒cloud industry. Based on this analysis, this study proposes countermeasures and suggestions for the vehicle ‒ energy‒ road ‒ cloud collaboration, covering five aspects: adhering to an application-oriented principle, promoting positive innovation, demonstrating city-level applications, leveraging diversified investments, and promoting the efficient development of circular industries. These suggestions aim to provide references for the high-quality collaboration of China’s vehicle, energy, road, and cloud industries, thereby strengthening the automobile, transportation, and manufacturing sectors of China.

In recent years, with the continuous progress of technology and the development of society, the demand for updating trace gas detection technology has been increasing. The ability to quickly and accurately detect the composition and concentration of gases has become a hot topic in current research. In response to address issues such as difficulties in judging data for classification and recognizing gas components with low accuracy, a KNN-SVM algorithm has been proposed. The algorithm primarily reclassifies ambiguous data that are close to the hyperplane but do not have a clear affiliation, capturing data characteristics more comprehensively. It determines the weight ratio of each algorithm through experiments to improve the accuracy of gas category discrimination. Experimental results show that, compared to the traditional SVM algorithm, the KNN-SVM algorithm performs better in gas classification prediction, with an accuracy rate of 99.167% and an AUC indicator of 99.375%, enhancing the accuracy of gas detection. In response to the impact of temperature on the system during the experimental process, a WOA-BP temperature compensation model was established to compensate for temperature in gas concentration detection. After comparing various optimized BP neural network models, the performance of the WOA-BP temperature compensation was the most outstanding, with an R2 of 97.89%, MAE of 1.4868, RMSE of 2.0416, and a convergence speed after 15 iterations, reducing detection errors and thus achieving precise detection of low-concentration mixed gases.

In recent years， there have been several serious incidents involving explosions and fires in on-load tap changers （OLTCs） of converter transformers during the adjustment. To address this issue， a novel design solution for a split type OLTC is proposed， separating the switching part from the transformer body to effectively prevent the faults in the tap changer being intensified. The vacuum permanent magnet switch replaces each contact of the switch， and the operating mechanism is independently configured. Based on current sampling devices arranged in the internal circuit， monitoring and control of the switching process are achieved. Split type synchronous control logic and step control logic for the diverter switch are introduced to monitor the status and provide fault protection during the tap changer adjustment process. Experimental results from the prototype validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed OLTC design for converter transformers.

A specialized inline magnetic leakage inspector has been developed for low-pressure natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines with small curvature radii in oilfields. By replacing the polyurethane guide disc of the leakage inspector with a steel brush, the start-up differential pressure at the elbow of the inline inspectors and the operating speed of the inspector are effectively reduced, optimizing its excitation structure and decreasing the size of the permanent magnet. The modified inline inspectors has been successfully applied in an oilfield gas transmission pipeline, resulting in a significant reduction of approximately 40% in start-up differential pressure at the elbow.The maximum operating speed has been reduced from 11 m/s to 6.8 m/s, with 95% of the detection mileage conducted at a controlled speed below 5 m/s. This ensures more accurate defect data for both the inner and outer pipeline walls. The research outcome represents a substantial improvement in inspector technology for low-pressure gas pipelines with small curvature radii, leading to enhanced intrinsic safety levels in oilfield gathering and transmission pipelines.

The wide distributed energy has been the focus of power market. However, the traditional power trading platform cannot meet the high efficiency, flexibility, security and reliability requirements of the large-scale distributed energy transactions. To resolve the contradiction between high information processing complexity and the requirements of safe and fast transactions, a distributed energy trading system architecture and its overall design scheme based on cloud-edge collaboration and block chain is proposed. First of all, the system architecture of cloud computing and edge computing collaboration combined with two-layer blockchain is designed to realize transaction decentralization by using blockchain technology. It improves the autonomy and efficiency of transactions, and enhancs the processing capacity of massive data and the expansion capacity of the transaction system by using cloud edge collaboration. Then, a distributed energy trading mechanism is designed based on two-way bidding and prediction compensation, and the core consensus algorithm of blockchain is further analyzed. The delegated proof of stake (DPoS) is used as a highly efficient and reliable consensus algorithm of the trading system to realize efficient and reliable transactions of large-scale distributed energy, thus promoting distributed energy to participate in power grid regulation and improving the stable operation level of power grid. Finally, the applicability and superiority of the proposed system to large-scale distributed energy trading are verified by application example.

The vulnerability assessment method is mainly used to explore the security process of a system, with wide application in the fields of hazard management, ecology and engineering. It has been gradually concerned by the oil and gas pipeline industry in recent years. Therefore, a comprehensive survey was conducted for the concepts of vulnerability, the concept development and evolution process of vulnerability was clarified,and the main connotations of vulnerability applied in different fields presently were summarized. The qualitative and quantitative vulnerability assessment methods at domestic and abroad were compared, with their advantages, disadvantages, applicable scope and key issues analyzed.Meanwhile, the application of vulnerability assessment methods in the oil and gas pipeline industry was sorted out in detail from the 3 aspects of vulnerability connotation, assessment index system and assessment method. The results indicate that the vulnerability assessment method varies with the research object and the disciplinary perspective in terms of the concept definition, the actual connotation and the assessment method. In the oil and gas pipeline industry, the vulnerability assessment method is still in the preliminary stage, and it is urgent to establish a unified vulnerability concept and assessment system for the oil and gas pipeline system. Compared with foreign research, the development of pipeline vulnerability research in China is relatively lagging, the assessment methods are mainly qualitative or semi-quantitative, and no scientific standard is available for the classification of index grades and the determination of index scores. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the establishment and improvement of quantitative assessment models in the future.

The waveguide invariant is usually not extracted from the striation pattern of broadband continuous spectrum in the low frequency analysis and recording spectrum at low signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, the correlation coefficient of multi-tonal acoustic intensity interference fluctuation is utilized to estimate waveguide invariant. Since the proportional relationship between the reference intensity interference fluctuation and the scaled intensity interference fluctuation is dependent on waveguide invariant, the waveguide invariant estimation can be done. Firstly, the tonal intensity interference fluctuation has been resampled in the new time domain under the radial and non-radial motion models respectively. Then, the similarity degree between the resampling reference tonal intensity interference fluctuation and the scaling tonal intensity interference fluctuation can be described by correlation coefficient, and the peak of correlation coefficient is corresponding to the true value. Finally, the numerical results and the experimental results prove the proposed method's effectiveness.

Cognitive computing technology realizes the processing of complex data and problems by simulating the human cognitive way, which is inspiring for the optimization of emotional expression in dance creation. In this paper, we propose a cognitive computing-based model for optimizing dance action emotions, using the improved 3DCNN model for dance action recognition and then CNN-BLSTM based on deep and shallow feature fusion for dance emotion recognition. The experimental results show that the students in the experimental group improved their movement emotion performance by 117% compared with the control group. Their professional level score was 8.42 points higher than that of the control group, the expert assessment score reached 43.98 points, and 82.5% of the students showed interest in dance learning. It shows that the optimization method for expressing dance emotions in this paper has good effects.

The cultivation of innovative talents in psychology requires experimental teaching as a key link. Based on the curriculum structure of psychology experimental teaching, this paper extracts the influencing factors of innovative talent cultivation and selects faculty supporting, teaching methods, teaching system, and innovation guarantee system as the antecedent variables of the fsQCA method. The analysis process of fsQCA for experimental teaching of psychology was oriented to achieve the reliability test based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, combined with principal component analysis to construct a direct data calibration method, and used the consistency score to test the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The factor loadings of each question item were above 0.62, the mean extracted variance of all variables was above 0.55, and the combined reliability values were all greater than 0.78, indicating that the convergent validity passed the test.

Meteorological support is demanded during major events, sudden meteorological disasters and flood season consultation services. In traditional way, each department reports and displays the products one by one, which limits operational coordination, interaction and the benefits of real-time support. To improve the service, an integrated command platform for meteorology is built by adopting technologies such as hybrid storage, interface service and layer component release. The platform couples standardized processing of multi-source data, integrated construction of functions, layer rendering and other components loosely. It is based on the meteorological big data cloud platform of China Meteorological Administration, releasing meteorological products such as satellite, radar measurements, real-time and intelligent forecasts. A hybrid integrated application framework is developed for traditional structured data storage, geographic information spatial storage, index storage (Elasticsearch) and page cache storage (Redis), and provides efficient retrieval services. At the same time, the transmission component integrates high and low 8-bit compression and concurrent transmission technology of multiple domain name to improve efficiency. In the aspect of page interaction and visualization, based on NPM (package management tool of JavaScript language), Vue components, WebGL visualization and other front-end technologies, a component-based encapsulation and application service mode is constructed, which gives full play to the high collaboration between cloud computing and edge computing of server and client (browser), supports fast data switching and navigation between different meteorological elements at any geographic location, and provides support for unified access, dispatching and command of multi-source data in various meteorological support services. At present, the platform integrates 113 meteorological products and 1106 layer services, effectively supporting major national meteorological support services such as 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Abstract With the development of automation technology in human‐machine interface, the traditional visual display no longer met the needs of complicated control systems, while auditory display has become an important part of human‐machine interface design. Analysing the auditory attention selection behaviours in concurrent auditory events is essential for the design and evaluation of the auditory interface. Listeners tend to pay attention to auditory target with physical attributes which were more salient and informative with deep cognitive level. Listeners tend to focus on the important information in the concurrent auditory events. By combining the two tendencies of the selective attention mechanism, the binary Logit model was built to analyse human auditory selective attention (ASA) behaviour, and the auditory target's selection can be transformed into a probability event. The continuous speech‐shaped noise (SSN) was described by the concurrent auditory events scene, which is a typical target discrimination task for ASA. An experiment using the target discrimination task in SSN was conducted to verify the model. The results showed that the listener's attention behaviour was in good agreement with the proposed Logit model. The proposed ASA model is effective and reasonable, which is promising for use in behaviour analysis, auditory display optimization, and interface design.

Objective To evaluate the improvement of superficial temporal artery⁃middle cerebral artery (STA⁃MCA) bypass combined with encephalo⁃myo⁃synangiosis (EMS) on cognitive function in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods Total 37 patients with MMD treated with STA⁃MCA+EMS in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from July 2017 to June 2020 were reviewed. Mini⁃Mental State Examination (MMSE), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Trail Making Test⁃A (TMT⁃A), Trail Making Test⁃B (TMT⁃B), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) and Rey⁃Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) were used to evaluate overall cognitive function, memory, attention, executive function, language function and visuospatial function in all patients one week before surgery and 6 months after surgery. Results Compared with one week before surgery, the MMSE score [24 (23, 26) score vs. 25.00 (23.50, 27.00) score; Z=⁃4.201, P=0.000] and ROCFT score [28 (23, 30) score vs. 31.00 (28.50, 32.00) score; Z=⁃3.968, P=0.004] increased, while the TMT⁃A test [69.00 (56.00, 87.50) s vs. 42 (37, 48) s; Z=⁃5.144, P=0.002] and TMT⁃B test [177 (168, 190) s vs. 138 (133, 144) s; Z=⁃5.309, P=0.001] decreased at 6 months after surgery. There was no statistic difference of AVLT⁃1R (Z=⁃1.595, P=0.113), AVLT⁃5R (Z=⁃1.573, P=0.121) and VFT (Z=⁃1.616, P=0.124) before and after surgery. Conclusions STA⁃MCA+EMS can improve the overall cognitive function, attention, executive function and visuospatial ability of patients with MMD, but has no significant effect on short⁃term memory, long⁃term memory and language function, and can improve cognitive function and the quality of life.

Taking a pumped storage power station in the northwest cold and arid regions as an example, this paper summarizes the construction technology and method of wound vegetation restoration in the upper and lower reservoir connecting road project of pumped storage power station in the northwest cold and arid regions, as well as the system of measures including the selection of suitable plants, the design of soil covering engineering, the design of plant measures and the construction technology. The soil covering engineering and plant measures were designed according to different wound types. The soil preparation of the Yurian pit and the ridge outside the pit were constructed with planting bags, arbor and shrubs were planted inside the pit, Picea asperata Mast. was selected for arbor and Juniperus sabina L. for shrubs, and forest vegetation blanket was used on the upper slope with a gentle slope, and shrubs and grass seeds were mainly planted with Poa annua L., Stipa capillata L. and Artemisia frigida Willd. The above vegetation restoration measures were designed. It greatly reduces soil and water loss in the reservoir area, improves vegetation coverage in the reservoir area, and enriches plant diversity, making the wound surface of the upper and lower reservoir connecting road of pumped storage power station gradually restore to the natural environment plant community state before the destruction.

In order to study the problem that the array manifold of conformal arrays deviates from the ideal value due to the sound scattering caused by the rigid baffles of arrays, in this paper, the influence of the scattering phenomenon caused by the rigid baffle on the receiving response of array is analyzed by using sound field prediction method based on a conformal array-semi-cylindrical volume array. The sound field distribution of conformal array at different angles is calculated by using the sound field modeling and simulation. Based on the above distribution, an actual array manifold is constructed under consideration of rigid barrier, and its variation under the influence of scattered sound is analyzed. The variation is described by two physical quantities defined in this paper: the first-order response composed of amplitude and phase and the second-order response composed of cross-correlation. Simulation shows that compared with the ideal model, the scattered signals generated by rigid baffles on conformal array varies with the azimuth and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), which further leads to the deviation of each hydrophone of conformal array. The experimental data verifies that the simulation results are basically consistent with the actual situation. The effect of the scattering on the conformal array should be considered when designing and performing in practice.

Kongzhuang coal mine of Shanghai Datun Energy Resources Co., Ltd. is a typical deep coal mine in eastern China. The mining disturbance of working face in deep coal mine leads to the fracture and movement of overlying strata and the damage of the aquifer in overlying strata, thereby causing water inrush disaster and posing a serious threat to the safety production in coal mine. Therefore, the temporal and spatial evolution mechanism of the water-conducting fractured zone of overlying strata in the Kongzhuang coal mine is researched systematically in this paper. Especially, the hydro-geological conditions and mining conditions in the Kongzhuang coal mine are analyzed; on this basis, the fracture and movement of overlying strata are simulated by physical similarity simulation test, and the temporal and spatial evolution rule of overlying strata in the Kongzhuang coal mine is obtained. Besides, the development height of “two zones” is measured by double-end water shutoff detection method, and the risk assessment for the water inrush disaster of the coal seam roof is carried out in the Kongzhuang coal mine. The research achievements in this paper indicate that the water-conducting channel formed in the mining process of #7 coal seam is the most important water-filling channel. Quaternary aquifer water recharges the mine indirectly through the bedrock aquifer, and the sandy mudstone with large thickness is the key layer to control the development of a water-conducting fracture zone. Meanwhile, the height of the caving zone is 26.7 m, about 8.3 times of mining height, and the height of the fracture zone is 68.3 m, approximately equal to 16.26 of the mining height. The results of #1 and #2 borehole leakages in the double-end water shutoff detection method show that the height of the water-conducting fractured zone is 63.70 m-65.27 m, and the split-to-mining ratio is 15.17-15.54. The water inrush risk of the coal seam roof shows that most of the 7436 working face is in the transition zone, and a small area around the cutting hole of the working face is in the relatively dangerous zone. Therefore, the innovation of this paper is that the temporal and spatial evolution mechanism of the water-conducting fractured zone of overlying strata in the Kongzhuang coal mine is revealed, which provides the theoretical guidance for the prediction and prevention of water inrush disaster in the coal mine with the similar mining conditions.

【Objective】 Water scarcity hinders agricultural production in many countries, and how to rationally allocate water resources for irrigation is hence important to make the most of the limited water resources in areas such as northern and northwest China where water is scarce. The purpose of this paper is to present an optimization method to rationalize regional water allocation for irrigation. 【Method】 We constructed a two-stage optimization model considering plant structure in one layer and plant irrigation in another layer. The principle of system decomposition and coordination were used to allocate the water resources to different irrigation areas. The first layer of the optimization model was to analyze the effect of irrigation time and irrigation scheduling on economic return, and the second layer was to calculate its consequence for the effect of ecological benefits. We applied the model to the Wuquan irrigation district at Baojixia in Shannxi province, with the optimization solved by the non-dominant genetic algorithm. 【Result】 ①The optimization model considering irrigation amount and irrigation time can improve the economic benefits. ②In the plant structure layer, adding the ecological benefits to the optimization objective reduced economic benefits but the overall optimized benefits were still significantly higher than the economic benefits obtained without considering the ecological benefits. ③Considering the improved ecological benefits, the optimized results considering the ecological benefits improved 23.5% of the overall return compared with those obtained without considering them. 【Conclusion】 Optimization of water resource allocation for irrigation should consider both economic and ecological benefits in the second layer, and the irrigation amount and irrigation time in the first layer. The optimization model we proposed in this paper can help make most of water resources for irrigation in regions where water is scarce such as northwestern China.

Since ancient times, the Cucurbitaceae family is used as a therapeutic option in human medicine. This family has around 130 genera and 800 species. Researchers have studied the various plants of this family including Lagenaria siceraria due to their medicinal potential. Various properties are beneficial for human health, that have been attributed to L. siceraria like antioxidant, hypolipidemic, diuretic, laxative, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antihypertensive, cardioprotective, central nervous system stimulant, anthelmintic, free radical scavenging, immunosuppressive, and adaptogenic. The fruit of this plant is commonly used as a vegetable that has a low-calorie value. The species possess a diverse set of biological compounds like flavonoids, sterols, saponins, and terpenoids. Vitamins, choline, flavonoids, minerals, proteins, terpenoids, and other phytochemicals are also found in the edible parts of this plant. Besides 17 different amino acids, many minerals are reported to be present in the seeds of L. siceraria. According to the USDA nutritional database per 100 g of L. siceraria contains 14 Kcal energy, 3.39 g carbohydrates, 0.62 g protein, 0.2 g fat, and 0.5 g fiber. L. siceraria performs a wide range of pharmacological and physiological actions. The literature reviewed from various sources including PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar, etc. shows the remarkable potential to treat various human and animal illnesses due to its' potent bioactive chemicals. The key objective of this thorough analysis is to present a summary of the data about the beneficial and harmful effects of L. siceraria intake on human health, as well as in veterinary fields.

L-theanine (γ-Glutamylethylamide) is a nonprotein water soluble amino acid (AA) mostly found in leaves of Camellia sinensis (green tea). This is a key component of green tea and is considered as the most abundant form of total AAs in green tea (i.e., about 50%). L-theanine is an exclusive taste ingredient of tea producing an attractive flavor and aroma in tea. It has biological effects such as antioxidant, growth promoter, immune booster, anti-stresser, hepatoprotective, antitumor, antiaging, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antianxiety activities that are worth noticing. It could reduce the oxidative impairment by reducing the synthesis of reactive oxygen species, oxidative parameters, and lipid damage as well as increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The oral ingestion of L-theanine enhanced γδ T-cell proliferation. Therefore, it is being considered an essential compound of green tea that has the ability to improve immune function. The L-theanine can be used as a potential treatment for hepatic injury and immune-related liver diseases via the downregulation of the inflammatory response through the initiation of nitric oxide synthesis and glutathione production which are likely to be critical for the control of hepatic diseases as well as for the improvement of immune function. In addition, it could be used as a best natural feed additive with a potent antistressor by decreasing the levels of corticosterone, dopamine, and noradrenaline. After systematically reviewing the literature, it is noticed that most studies were carried out on mice, pig, human, and butterfly; while dietary supplementation studies of L-theanine in animal and poultry especially among broilers are very limited because of less awareness of this AA. So, the aim of this review is to encourage the veterinarian and poultry researchers to conduct more research at the molecular level about this AA to expose its more beneficial effects and its mechanism of absorption for potential use of this unique green tea AA in poultry nutrition.

Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is a well-recognized and widely distributed traditional plant that is used successfully in Indian Ayurveda medicine. T. cordifolia has shown many promising biological activities, such as antioxidative, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, osteoprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal, and antistress effects. Guduchi is a rich source of protein and micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, copper, calcium, phosphorus, and manganese. It also contains many secondary plant metabolites, such as terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and glycosides. Based on previous studies in poultry, the supplementation levels of Guduchi range from 1 to 5 g/kg of diet (different sources, such as powder, extracts, roots, and leaves, have been used). It was suggested that this variation in supplementation levels depends on different factors, including the extraction method, the supplementation proposed, the method of supplementation (either in feed or drinking water), and the species and physiological status of the birds. Generally, dietary supplementation of poultry broilers with T. cordifolia yielded positive impacts on growth performance, body gains (increased by 4.8%), dressing percentage (increased by 7.1%), meat quality traits, and the shelf life of the meat. In addition, T. cordifolia exerted a palliative effect on the general health status of the birds through reducing live enzymes and plasma uric acids and enhancing the immune response, as indicated by the leukocyte count, hemagglutinin titer, interleukin activity, and mortality levels. Further investigations concluded that T. cordifolia showed strong antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis, with subsequent reductions in mortality. Moreover, T. cordifolia showed an ability to improve humoral and cell-mediated immunity against Newcastle disease, infectious anemia, gout, and aflatoxicosis. The current review discusses many beneficial properties of T. cordifolia, although the lack of pharmacological trials limits the use of this extract in poultry. Further research should be performed regarding the composition of the active compound, the possible mechanisms of action, and the effective doses to fully understand the activities and benefits of T. cordifolia as a growth performance improvement supplement.

This paper aims to investigate the internal mechanisms of bottlenecks in bike-sharing travel. We perform kernel density analysis to obtain analysis points and areas designated by buffer areas. Additionally, we improve the spatial lag model through Tobit regression, so as to avoid the interference of autocorrelation and to set reasonable constraints for dependent variables. The proposed model distinguishes between bike-sharing demand determined by land use and other built environmental factors, which helps to define and identify bottlenecks in bike-sharing travel. Based on a Bayesian network fault tree, we define the diagnosis mode of evidence nodes to calculate the posterior probabilities and to determine the most sensitive factors for bottlenecks. We use Beijing city as the case study. The results show that the most sensitive factors that induce bottlenecks in bike-sharing travel are few subway stations, few bus stops, few bus lines, a low density of bike lanes, and more serious home–work separation. The findings presented here can enhance the generation of bike-sharing trips in response to bike-sharing development and contribute to adjusting the urban structure and reconstructing the green infrastructure layout.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the characteristics of ambulatory electroencephalogram (AEEG) in postcraniotomy patients, with epileptic seizures and without seizures after reduction of preventive antiepileptic drugs, and qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the relationship between AEEG waveforms and seizures, in order to explore the guiding value of AEEG for the reduction of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs. Methods A total of 166 postcraniotomy patients with epileptic seizures after discontinuation of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs admitted in our department from 2010 to 2017 were recruited and subjected to seizure group in this study. Another 166 postcraniotomy patients without seizure who have the similar proportions in age, gender, etiology, location with the seizure group in our department during the same period served as non-epileptic seizure group. The 2 groups of patients were followed up for 1 to 8 years. Referring to the classification of Hughes J R, we divided them into following types: R type (rare), R-M type (rare-moderate), M type (moderate), M-L type (moderate-large), L type (large), NS type (non-sharp spike), RS type (rare sharp spike), MS type (moderate sharp spike), and LS type (large sharp spike). The waves were also assigned into S type (scattered), F type (focal), and P type (paroxysmal) according to the appearance of slow waves. The differences of AEEG waveforms were compared between the 2 groups before the discontinuation of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs. The seizure group was further divided into a controlled subgroup and a non-controlled subgroup according to whether the epilepsy be controlled after taking the drugs again. The number of spike-wave between the 2 subgroups was compared. Results ① Significant differences presented in AEEG type composition ratio between the patients in the seizure group and non-epilepsy seizure group (P < 0.01). The main type was M-type in the seizure group, and R-type in the non-epilepsy seizure group. There were more patients (91/166, 54.8%) with M, M-L and L types in the seizure group, significantly higher than the other group (14.5%). For the slow waves, the main type was P-type in the seizure group and S-type in the control, and there were 107 patients (107/166, 64.4%) with P type in the former group, significantly higher than the other group (34.3%). For the number of spike-waves. The former group mostly had MS-type, while the control mainly had RS-type, and the patients with MS- and LS-type (116/166, 69.8%) were larger than those in the control group (22.9%). The high-risk waveforms of seizures after discontinuation of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs were slow waves of M, M-L, L, P types and spike-waves of MS and LS types (OR>1). ②After taking the drugs again, the number of patients in the control group were gradually decreased from RS-type to LS-type, and the numbers in the uncontrolled group were gradually increased. Conclusion The high-risk waveforms for postcraniotomy seizures after discontinuation of anti-epileptic drugs are slow waves of M, M-L, L and P types and spike waves of MS and LS types. AEEG is of certain guiding value in the prevention and treatment of antiepileptic drugs in patients undergoing neurosurgical craniotomy.

Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) was originally known to be responsible for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA. Recent studies have found that METTL3 plays important roles in a variety of tumors by regulating the translation of oncogenes. However, the functional and regulating mechanisms of METTL3 in human gastric cancer have not yet been understood. Here we knocked down METTL3 in human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and MKN45, by using shRNA transfection. RT-qPCR assay and western blotting verified the effectiveness of RNA interference on mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Then we found that METTL3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in AGS and MKN45 cells. Moreover, METTL3 knockdown decreased Bcl2 and increased Bax and active Caspase-3 in gastric cancer cells, which suggested the apoptotic pathway was activated. Mechanistic investigation suggested that METTL3 led to inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway in human gastric cancer cells, including decreased phosphorylation levels of AKT and expression of down-stream effectors p70S6K and Cyclin D1. In conclusion, our study reveals that down-regulation of METTL3 inhibits the proliferation and mobility of human gastric cancer cells and leads to inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that METTL3 may be a potential target for the treatment of human gastric cancer.

The primary pipe is a critical equipment that ensures the safe operation in a nuclear island, therefore; the primary pipe must have extremely high service performance in complex environments characterized by high pressure, temperature, and/or radiation. In addition, generation Ⅲ AP1000 nuclear power plants require a service life of 60 years, which pose great challenges to traditional manufacturing processes, such as casting and section-forging methods with partial welding. The currently popular free-forging method can enhance the resulting properties, but the repeated heating during multiple passes induce coarse grains, and these coarse grains are difficult to refine at key positions. With the rapid development of extrusion devices and optimized extrusion processes, the hot extrusion approach promises to produce primary pipes using a near-net shaping method. However, the huge size and complex shape of the two asymmetrical branches of the primary pipe brings enormous difficulties to the ordinary extrusion process. In this study, a novel simultaneous extrusion process was proposed, wherein a primary pipe with two asymmetrical branches is produced on a uniaxial extrusion press platform with the additional effect of a moving elevating ram. In this study, the principle underlying the simultaneous formation process was first analyzed with respect to the material flow during the extrusion process. The relations between the top-mandrel speed, lift cylinder speed, and branch size were derived to ensure the conditions necessary for the simultaneous formation of the two branches. Next, a finite element model of the proposed primary pipe extrusion process was constructed and the results verified its feasibility. The superiority of this process in preventing shear fracture at the branch root was evaluated by comparing its formation quality with that of traditional unidirectional extrusion. Finally, the influences of billet temperature, extrusion speed, and friction condition on the formation quality were studied to minimize the deformation load, refine the grain, and improve the homogeneity of the microstructure. The results of this research provide a method for reference and an analytical foundation for further development of practical approaches to the formation of primary pipes.

The timely and accurate diagnosis of ascites is of great significance for early treatment and prognostication. This study explored the value of soluble myeloid triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 1 (sTREM-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for assessing ascites. A total of 133 patients with ascites who received treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University between September 2015 and September 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The ascites in 22, 45, 33 and 33 patients were tuberculous, bacterial, tumorous, and transudative, respectively. Healthy volunteers (n=30) who received a health examination at the same hospital during the same period constituted the control group. Before treatment, both ascitic sTREM-1 and CRP showed significant differences among the ascites subgroups (P