Search

Fertilization is one of the main economic and health-promoting factors in crop cultivation. Field trials were carried out in 2019, in the experimental field of Soybean Breeding Laboratory from Agricultural Research and Development Station in Turda (ARDS Turda), based on a subdivided parcel design with two replications, using plots of 5 m². The biological material used in this study was created at ARDS Turda, 13 semi-early, early and very early soybean genotypes being evaluated: 7 varieties (Perla, Onix, Felix, Carla, Caro TD, Ada TD, Raluca TD) and 6 perspective lines (T-161, T- 295, T-165, T-6126, T-6117 and T-166). Fertilization was carried out with NPK 16:16:16 complex fertilizer applying the following doses: 150 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, 250 kg/ha and unfertilized (Control). At the end of the growing season the genotypes were characterized by: plant height (cm), number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, seeds weight/plant (g), TKW (g), yield (kg/ha). The reported data is the average of 10 measurements. Statistical calculations were accomplished in Excel 2013 (Microsoft, USA) highlighting differences between studied genotypes and applied doses. The average of the seed/plant had small variations, in this year's conditions; the grain size varied between 122 g and 162 g and the maximum yield was about 3 to/ha at the dose of 200 kg/ha complex fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean is in high demand for both human and animal consumptions because of its nutritional values and potential use of biodiesel product. This crop is broadly cultivated on world arable soils with low nutritive elements. Investigation of soybean yield and related yield component traits with different types of fertilizer and different doses will help improve field management to optimize soybean production. The paper aimed to present the effects of different mineral fertilizers rates on soybean yield and yield components in 13 soybean cultivars from 3 different maturity groups: very early (000), early (00) and semi-early (0) genotypes. The results from this study reveals that positive response to mineral fertilization was mostly influenced by genotype and also maturity group (MG). A positive yield response to fertilization was observed in semi-early soybean genotypes at the 150 kg/ha rate of fertilization with an increase of production of 175 kg/ha compared to the mean of the experimental variants. Data obtained in this experiment showed that it is possible to achive high soybean yields without supplying fertilizers on soils with good nutrient content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean being the most important legume plant for grains, the high protein and oil content determines many uses, which leads to expansion of soybean crop areas. The experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda (ARDS Turda) in the climatic conditions of the 2018 and 2019. Biological material included 75 Romanian varieties (12) and foreign genotypes (63), from different maturity groups (000 - II). The rainfall and temperature varied in the two-year study which determined differences on average yield obtained for each maturity group. The highest average yield for the maturity groups 00, 0, I, II was obtained in the climatic conditions of the year 2019, instead the behavior of the very early genotypes (000) was different, the year 2018 being more favorable. The maturity group recommended till now for the Transylvanian Plain was very early (000) and early (00), but from the data presented the highest yields were obtained by the maturity groups 0 (2719 kg/ha), I (2895 kg/ha) and I + II (2732 kg/ha). A continuation of the study is required, to establish the suitable maturity group for the new conditions of Transylvanian Plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic ecotoxicology, like ecotoxicology lato sensu, is a dynamic research field, based on laboratory experiments or field investigations and data collection. Such a research branch is important because it helps us understanding the level of toxicity of various chemical compounds used or proposed for use in agriculture and industry. After a review of the literature, we summarized in this paper the most recent trends in fish embryo toxicity assays. In the past, each researcher considered his own reasons to design the experimental protocol and chose the study animals. At present, these assays seem to harmonize under different but common standards elaborated by OECD, USEPA etc and, thus, common reference levels/values for studied chemicals are now available, making different results to be comparable and reproducible. OECD put the basis of embryo toxicity tests in three small fish species: zebrafish, Japanese medaka, and fathead minnow. Although there are many other fish species which demonstrated to be good models for research, the species number was limited to three in order to concentrate the information and standardize the protocols. Low number of model species and low number of protocols both mean high number of similar experiments which are comparable each other, and all these are comparable with OECD standard values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the European Union various legislative instruments have been promoted for the protection and sustainable management of water sources. Their purpose is to reduce water pollution caused or induced by nitrates from agricultural sources and to prevent any new pollution of this type. The Action Program for the Protection of Waters against Pollution with Nitrates from Agricultural Sources implements the measures provided for, in the Code of Good Agricultural Practice. It establishes the specific responsibilities of structures under the subordination of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change. The provisions of the program are mandatory for all farmers managing or holding agricultural holdings, but also for the local public administration authorities of communes, towns and municipalities on the territory of which there are agricultural holdings. Control of compliance with the water protection action program addresses various indicators including compliance with the ban on fertilizer application, crop rotation to limit nitrogen losses to water bodies, manure storage capacity on individual or communal platforms, etc. The monitoring activity of the program is carried out by the Romanian Water Administration through the Water Basin Administrations regarding the state of the water sources and the National Research Development Institute for Pedology, Agrochemistry and Environmental Protection - ICPA Bucharest, with the support of the Office of pedological and agro-chemical studies in agriculture. This paper contains information on the requirements and provisions of the action plan for the protection of waters against pollution from agricultural sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]