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370 results on '"STYLES, PETER"'

9. Is pH a Biochemical Marker of IQ?

Author

Rae, Caroline, Scott, Richard B., Thompson, Campbell H., Kemp, Graham J., Dumughn, Ishbel, Styles, Peter, Tracey, Irene, and Radda, George K.

Published
1996

28. Introducing Geophysics

Author

Styles, Peter and Styles, Peter

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Geophysics is a term that might discourage any but the most inquisitive Earth Scientist but, simply put, it is the study of the Physics of the Earth. As the Earth is very large and relatively slow-moving it is described by the classical Physics disciplines such as heat, gravity, magnetism, electricity, vibrations and waves. Everything we know about the deep Earth, apart from the superficial pinpricks provided by boreholes, we have learned from geophysics. In this approachable and well-illustrated introduction to the many multi-disciplinary facets of geophysics, Peter Styles has kept mathematics to a bare minimum. The composition of the Earth, its geothermal heat flow and the forces which drive Plate Tectonics and which make the Earth a dynamic system are discussed, as is the application of seismology which allows us to ‘see'the complex structures which are hidden deep below the surface of our planet. The Earth's magnetic field and its variations over time are described and we learn how these changes are recorded in sedimentary rocks and the ocean crust, allowing us to chart tectonic plate motions. Earth's electrical properties and its gravity and the role these play in understanding the deep Earth and its evolution are explained clearly. A key aspect of the book, as befits a scientist whose working life has been devoted to Applied Geophysics, is a clear detailing of the application of Geophysics to practical matters. While geophysics plays a crucial role in surveying for hydrocarbon and mineral resources; it is also a fundamental environmental tool to look for hidden dangers beneath the surface, such as caves and old mine workings; for managing pollution and environmental hazards; and, most recently, for looking for and monitoring safe and secure places to store our manifold wastes, such as Carbon Dioxide and spent nuclear material. Readers will soon appreciate that the popular perceptions of practical geophysics as used in archaeology or forensics is merely a glimmer of the many crucial applications of this science to all our lives.

Published
2021

37. Seismic responses to ridge-transform subduction: Chile triple junction

Author

Murdie, Ruth E., Prior, David J., Styles, Peter, Flint, Stephen S., Pearce, Robert G., and Agar, Susan M.

Subjects
Chile -- Natural history, Subduction zones (Geology) -- Research, Seismic prospecting -- Research, Seismic waves -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

The first local seismic network established in the remote region bordering the Chile triple junction monitored earthquakes at a rate of three per day with magnitudes M = 0 to M = 4, far smaller than any recorded previously from that region. Focal mechanisms were obtained by the adaptation of the relative amplitude method to local earthquakes. Epicentral locations define a lineament corresponding to the active segment of a subducted transform fault, and events corresponding to the predicted position of a subducted ridge show extensional mechanisms, with the exclusion of thrusting and trench-parallel mechanisms. These data suggest that oceanic spreading and seismic activity continue in the subducted ridge-transform system. Extension in the slab influences the overlying crust, giving rise to dextral transtension. Over the past 10 m.y., the locus of ridge subduction has migrated northward; we postulate that the pattern through time of extension and basin development in the overlying crust has mirrored this.

Published
1993

49. Deficit of in vivo mitochondrial ATP production in patients with Friedreich ataxia

Author

LODI, RAFFAELE, COOPER, J. MARK, BRADLEY, JANE L., MANNERS, DAVID, STYLES, PETER, TAYLOR, DORIS J., and SCHAPIRA, ANTHONY H. V.

Subjects
Mitochondria -- Physiological aspects, Adenosine triphosphate -- Physiological aspects, Friedreich's ataxia -- Research, Chromosome abnormalities -- Physiological aspects, Science and technology
Abstract

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), the most common of the inherited ataxias, is an autosomal recessive degenerative disorder, characterized clinically by onset before the age of 25 of progressive gait and limb ataxia, absence of deep tendon reflexes, extensor plantar responses, and loss of position and vibration sense in the lower limbs. FRDA is caused by a GAA triplet expansion in the first intron of the FRDA gene on chromosome 9q13 in 97% of patients. The FRDA gene encodes a widely expressed 210-aa protein, frataxin, which is located in mitochondria and is severely reduced in FRDA patients. Frataxin function is still unknown but the knockout of the yeast frataxin homologue gene (YFH1) showed a severe defect of mitochondrial respiration and loss of mtDNA associated with elevated intramitochondrial iron. Here we report in vivo evidence of impaired mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle of FRDA patients. Using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy we demonstrated a maximum rate of muscle mitochondrial ATP production ([V.sub.max]) below the normal range in all 12 FRDA patients and a strong negative correlation between mitochondrial [V.sub.max] and the number of GAA repeats in the smaller allele. Our results show that FRDA is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial disorder affecting oxidative phosphorylation and give a rationale for treatments aimed to improve mitochondrial function in this condition.

Published
1999

50. EPOS thematic core service anthropogenic hazards - to facilitate the way of attaining excellence

Author

Orlecka-Sikora, Beata, Lasocki, Stanislaw, Grasso, Jean Robert, Schmitbulh, Jean, Styles, Peter, Kwiatek, Grzegorz, Bohnhoff, Marco, Sterzel, Mariusz, Szepieniec, Tomasz, Mutke, Grzegorz, Garcia, Alexander, Gasparini, Paolo, Esposito, Simona, Kozlovskaya, Elena, Dineva, Savka, Saccarotti, Gilberto, Sileny, Jan, Fisher, Thomas, Bigarre, Pascal, and Civs, Gestionnaire

Subjects
[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

The community focused on seismic/aseismic deformation processes induced by human operation, organized within European Plate Observing System (EPOS) as WG10 “Infrastructure for Georesources” integrates distributed research infrastructures (RI) to facilitate and stimulate research on anthropogenic hazards especially those associated with the exploration and exploitation of geo-resources, within EPOS Thematic Core Service ANTHROPOGENIC HAZARDS (TCS AH). The innovative element is the uniqueness of the integrated RI which comprises two main deliverables : (1) Exceptional datasets, called “episodes”, which comprehensively describe a geophysical process induced or triggered by human technological activity, posing hazards for infrastructure, people and the environment; (2) Problem-oriented, bespoke services uniquely designed for analyzing correlations between technological activities, geophysical response and associated hazards, including e-research environment of IS-EPOS platform (is-epos.eu). These objectives will be achieved through the Science-Industry Synergy, ensuring bi-directional information exchange, including unique and previously unavailable data furnished by industrial partners and innovative solutions coming back to industry. The data and services are related to a wide spectrum of inducing technologies, with seismic/aseismic deformation and production history dataset. Impact of RI will be also reflected in a more multidisciplinary approach to education, and an opportunity for students to obtain skills and knowledge in the anthropogenic hazards field. The work is supported by project IS-EPOS: Digital Research Space of Induced Seismicity for EPOS Purposes (POIG.02.03.00-14-090/13-00), funded by the NCBiR in the OP Innovative Economy in the years 2013-2015.

Published
2015

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