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Sci-Tech innovation enterprises (STIEs) in China are responsible for improving the quality of national innovation (IQ). Because of their inherent innovation openness (IO), STIEs are facing constantly changing external cooperation channels and gradually optimizing their openness. However, existing research considers external cooperation relationships as established network environments, which may not apply to STIEs' network relationships that are still under construction. Hence, this study investigates the impact of STIEs' IO on IQ by exploring the role of structure embeddedness (SE). Empirical findings from 362 sample enterprises suggest that openness breadth and depth have an inverted U-shaped relationship with IQ, while openness balance impacts IQ positively. Moreover, network centrality plays a partial mediation role between openness depth and IQ, and network reach fully mediates the relationship between openness balance and IQ. The results indicate the influence of three openness factors on IQ and further expand the research on the SE of STIEs in the dynamic development stage. These can support STIEs to improve IQ through the adjustment of network centrality and reach by changing their openness depth and balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multienzyme cascades (MECs) have gained much attention in synthetic chemistry but remain far from being a reliable synthetic tool. Here we report a four‐enzyme cascade comprising a cofactor‐independent and a cofactor self‐sustaining bienzymatic modules for the enantioselective benzylic C−H amination of arylalkanes, a challenging transformation from bulk chemicals to high value‐added chiral amines. The two modules were subsequently optimized by enzyme co‐immobilization with microenvironmental tuning, and finally integrated in a gas‐liquid segmented flow system, resulting in simultaneous improvements in enzyme performance, mass transfer, system compatibility, and productivity. The flow system enabled continuous C−H amination of arylalkanes (up to 100 mM) utilizing the sole cofactor NADH (0.5 mM) in >90 % conversion, achieving a high space‐time yield (STY) of 3.6 g ⋅ L−1 ⋅ h−1, which is a 90‐fold increase over the highest value previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LGB-IPs is a new LGB-based optimal feature fusion model for the accurate prediction of STY phosphorylation sites. • LGB-IPs explores ten different feature descriptors and assesses its discriminative capability using five different classifiers. • Extensive cross-validation and independent assessment shows that LGB-IPs outperformed the single feature models consistently. SARS-CoV-2′s global spread has instigated a critical health and economic emergency, impacting countless individuals. Understanding the virus's phosphorylation sites is vital to unravel the molecular intricacies of the infection and subsequent changes in host cellular processes. Several computational methods have been proposed to identify phosphorylation sites, typically focusing on specific residue (S/T) or Y phosphorylation sites. Unfortunately, current predictive tools perform best on these specific residues and may not extend their efficacy to other residues, emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced methodologies. In this study, we developed a novel predictor that integrated all the residues (STY) phosphorylation sites information. We extracted ten different feature descriptors, primarily derived from composition, evolutionary, and position-specific information, and assessed their discriminative power through five classifiers. Our results indicated that Light Gradient Boosting (LGB) showed superior performance, and five descriptors displayed excellent discriminative capabilities. Subsequently, we identified the top two integrated features have high discriminative capability and trained with LGB to develop the final prediction model, LGB-IPs. The proposed approach shows an excellent performance on 10-fold cross-validation with an ACC, MCC, and AUC values of 0.831, 0.662, 0.907, respectively. Notably, these performances are replicated in the independent evaluation. Consequently, our approach may provide valuable insights into the phosphorylation mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 infection for biomedical researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The speciation of Salmonella occurred by acquisition of genomic islands from other bacterial species and continued to diverge into subspecies and serovars with diferent range of host. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) is a generalist pathogen infecting hosts that include birds, mice, and humans, whilst S. enterica serovar Typhi (STY) is a restricted-host pathogen, infecting only humans. Despite their ranges of hosts, STM and STY possess 97-98% identity. Gain of genes by horizontal transference and loss of genes by mutations, are believed essential for differentiation of Salmonella. Salmonella pathogenicity island 3 (SPI-3) is an example combining these two processes. SPI-3 encodes misL and marT, among other genes. In STM, misL is required for gut colonization. Furthermore, protein MarT, positively regulates expression of misL by binding to misL-promoter. On the other hand, in SPI-3 of STY, marT and misL are pseudogenes. Interestingly, the gene t3766 (gene involved in resistance to H2O2) is present only in STY and is negatively regulated when marTSTM is heterologously expressed in STY. Based on the view that MarT might regulate genes implicated in virulence, this work searched for new genes regulated by MarT. In silico searches for possible MarT target genes were performed, and 4 genes were selected for further analysis as they contained at least 2 copies of the consensus MarT-binding sequence in their promoters. Mutating marT in STM or heterologously expressing marTSTM in STY confirmed that MarT negatively regulates ORF STY1408 or STM14_2003, its homologue in STM. STY1408 encodes for a putative protein with homology to methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins, which participate in chemotaxis and motility. Therefore, STY1408 was named mrmI (MarT-regulated motility gene I). Motility assays confirmed that the product of mrmI modulates motility. In addition, in vitro infection of cells with STM and STY mutants in mrmI reduces association with cells at 1, 3 and 24 h post-infection. Oral infection of mice showed that a mrmI null mutant was defective in producing systemic disease. Therefore, we conclude that MarT regulated mrmI, is involved in virulence of Salmonella. While pseudogenization of marT might modulate the fitness of narrow host range STY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an eye care protocol (ECP) on patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This study utilized a randomized controlled design. Participants were patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the ICU (36 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group). The experimental group received an ECP, while the control group received standard eye care, starting the day after admission, for a duration of 10 days. The ECP classifies the degree of eyelid obstruction into three stages based on the degree of exposure to the lower eyelid conjunctiva and cornea. The protocol included cleansing with normal saline gauze, administering eye drops, applying silicone and polyurethane films, and recommending consultation with an ophthalmologist if necessary. The effectiveness of ECP was assessed by analyzing tear volume, hyperemia, chemosis, and eye discharge. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0, employing the Mann-Whitney U-test and generalized estimating equations. Results: On day 5, the experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in tear volume in both eyes compared with the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of hyperemia, chemosis, and eye discharge on days 5 and 10 of the intervention. Conclusion: The application of the ECP in this study increased tear volume in ICU patients, thereby reducing discomfort caused by dry eyes. It has the potential to prevent complications such as damage to the surface of the eyeball resulting from decreased tear volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR) is widely used to improve the properties of tire tread compounds. Tire wear particles (TWPs), which are generated on real roads as vehicles traverse, represent one of significant sources of microplastics. In this study, four SSBR compounds were prepared using two SSBRs with high styrene (STY samples) and 1,2-unit (VIN samples) contents, along with dicyclopentadiene resin. The abrasion behaviors were investigated using four different abrasion testers: cut and chip (CC), Lambourn, DIN, and laboratory abrasion tester (LAT100). The abrasion rates observed in the Lambourn and LAT100 abrasion tests were consistent with each other, but the results of CC and DIN abrasion tests differed from them. The addition of the resin improved the abrasion rate and resulted in the generation of large wear particles. The abrasion rates of STY samples in the Lambourn and LAT100 abrasion tests were lower than those of VIN samples, whereas the values in the CC and DIN abrasion tests were higher than those of VIN samples. The wear particles were predominantly larger than 1000 μm, except for the VIN sample in the DIN abrasion test. However, TWPs > 1000 μm are rarely produced on real roads. The size distributions of wear particles > 1000 μm were 74.0–99.5%, 65.9–93.4%, 7.2–95.1%, and 37.5–83.0% in the CC, Lambourn, DIN, and LAT100 abrasion tests, respectively. The size distributions of wear particles in the Lambourn and LAT100 abrasion tests were broader than those in the other tests, whereas the distributions in the CC abrasion test were narrower. The abrasion patterns and the morphologies and size distributions of wear particles generated by the four abrasion tests varied significantly, attributable to differences in the bound rubber contents, crosslink densities, and tensile properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense pulsed light has a growing body of research supporting its use in skin rejuvenation, dermatologic conditions, as well as ocular rosacea, dry eyes and meibomian gland dysfunction. This paper will start with the conception of one protocol for treating dry eyes, blepharitis and styes using broad band light, a version of intense pulsed light, and its evolution into a life-changing in-office procedure for many patients. The approach for optimizing the settings, considerations during the consultation, the procedure in detail, after treatment care, and potential complications to avoid are all explained. Periocular and facial rejuvenation treatment protocols are discussed as well. This should be a useful guide for clinicians looking to add intense pulsed light to their in-office treatment armamentarium to significantly improve the lives of their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial burns involving the periorbital region may lead to cicatricial ectropion and lagophthalmos, causing severe exposure keratopathy and eventually blindness if uncorrected. In these patients, it is critical to provide aesthetic and functional surgical correction to protect the ocular surface from chronic desiccation in addition to visual rehabilitation. Conventional methods may not be sufficient to provide visual rehabilitation in complex cases. Scleral lenses can be a multipurpose alternative for these patients. Herein, we present the challenging case of a patient who developed cicatricial lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy after facial transplantation due to gasoline burns and received a scleral contact lens for visual rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roegneria yenchiana sp. nov. (Triticeae) is a new species collected from Shangri‐la of Yunnan Province in China based on morphological, cytological, and molecular data. It is morphologically characterized by one spikelet per node, rectangular glums, awns flanked by two short mucros in lemmas, distinguished from other species of Roegneria. The genomic in situ hybridization results indicate that R. yenchiana is an allotetraploid, and its genomic constitution is StY. Phylogenetic analyses based on multiple loci suggested that R. yenchiana is closely related to Pseudoroegneria and Roegneria, and the Pseudoroegneria served as the maternal donors during its polyploid speciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this prospective observational study, we aimed to examine improvements in horizontal laxity after lower eyelid retractor advancement and transcanthal canthopexy for involutional lower eyelid entropion. The study included 19 sides in 15 patients with involutional entropion who underwent transcanthal canthopexy with the advancement of the lower eyelid retractor. Using the pinch test, the distance from the lowest part of the corneal limbus to the eyelid margin was measured using callipers. All measurements were performed preoperatively and at postoperative 3 and 6 months. Using the pinch test, the distance from the lowest part of the corneal limbus to the lower eyelid margin was significantly shortened during each postoperative follow-up period. None of the included cases experienced recurrence. Our results indicated that transcanthal canthopexy could preserve postoperative horizontal tightness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corneal epithelium (CE) is the outermost layer of the cornea with constant turnover, relative stability, remarkable plasticity, and compensatory properties to mask alterations in the underlying stroma. The advent of quantitative imaging modalities capable of producing epithelial thickness mapping (ETM) has made it possible to characterize better the different patterns of epithelial remodeling. In this comprehensive synthesis, we reviewed all available data on ETM with different methods, including very high-frequency ultrasound (VHF-US) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal individuals, corneal or systemic diseases, and corneal surgical scenarios. We excluded OCT studies that manually measured the corneal epithelial thickness (CET) (e.g., by digital calipers) or the CE (e.g., by confocal scanning or handheld pachymeters). A comparison of different CET measuring technologies and devices capable of producing thickness maps is provided. Normative data on CET and the possible effects of gender, aging, diurnal changes, refraction, and intraocular pressure are discussed. We also reviewed ETM data in several corneal disorders, including keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, recurrent epithelial erosion, herpes keratitis, keratoplasty, bullous keratopathy, carcinoma in situ, pterygium, and limbal stem cell deficiency. The available data on the potential role of ETM in indicating refractive surgeries, planning the procedure, and assessing postoperative changes are reviewed. Alterations in ETM in systemic and ocular conditions such as eyelid abnormalities and dry eye disease and the effects of contact lenses, topical medications, and cataract surgery on the ETM profile are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ABHD5 gene mutation causes Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome (CDS). • Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome should be suspected with ichthyosis and Jordan's anomaly. • Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome is a lipid storage disease cause of fatty liver disease. • Parathyroid lipoadenoma and pancreas atrophy are newly defined in CDS. Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome (CDS) is a rare lipid storage disease with ichthyosis, hepatomegaly, myopathy, neuropathy, deafness, and ocular findings. Here, we aim to present an elderly CDS case and highlight the new endocrinological findings. A 66-year-old male patient with cirrhosis was hospitalized for liver transplantation. We suspected Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome with ichthyosis, fatty liver, and syndromic facial features with bilateral ectropion, deafness, and malocclusion. We showed the lipid droplets in neutrophils called patognomonic Jordans' anomaly. Homozygous c.47+1 G > A mutation in the ABHD5 (NM_016006.6) gene were detected by clinical exome sequencing. Out of <160 CDS cases in the literature, this is the second eldest CDS patient and first with adrenal insufficiency, parathyroid lipoadenoma and atrophic pancreas. Clinicians should be aware of CDS as a rare cause of fatty liver. We recommend a blood smear and genetic analyses in patients with severe ichtiosis, ectropion, deafness and multiple endocrinolgic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Sociedad Colombiana de Oftalmología is the property of Sociedad Colombiana de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To evaluate the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) in the treatment of chronic hordeolum. Patients with chronic hordeolum who underwent IPL treatment were enrolled in this study. According to the severity of hordeolum, the patients were treated with IPL 3 to 5 times. Patients' satisfaction and visual analog scale scores for ocular discomfort symptoms before and after treatment were collected. The number, congestion, long diameter, short diameter and area of nodules were also recorded and measured. Finally, eyelid margin signs, meibum quality, meibomian gland expressibility, meibomian gland dropout, tear meniscus height, and corneal fluorescein staining were scored. 20 patients were enrolled in this study. The eyelid margins were congestive and swollen, with blunt rounding or irregularity. The meibum was cloudy or toothpaste-like. The meibomian gland expressibility, meibomian gland dropout and tear meniscus height were reduced. The cornea showed scattered fluorescein staining. After treatment, score of visual analog scale, congestion and size of nodules were significantly reduced. Eyelid margin signs, meibum quality, meibomian gland expressibility, tear meniscus height and corneal fluorescein staining scores were improved. Meibomian gland dropout had no significant change. No side effects occurred during treatment. IPL is beneficial for the treatment of chronic hordeolum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 3‐year‐old female patient presented with symptoms of cyanosis and intermittent eyelid edema, leading to the discovery of a lobulated mass in the right atrium, obstructing the superior vena cava. Despite the inability to entirely remove the mass due to its origins in the right atrium myocardium and its extension towards the sinoatrial node, successful surgical intervention and subsequent histopathological evaluation identified the mass as a fibroma, and postoperative symptoms were significantly alleviated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of azithromycin hydrate ophthalmic solution for the treatment of internal hordeolum and meibomitis with or without phlyctenular keratitis. Study Design: Retrospective study. Methods: Patients diagnosed with internal hordeolum or meibomitis were prescribed azithromycin hydrate ophthalmic solution twice daily for 2 days and then once daily for 12 days. Depending on the presence of meibomitis-related keratoconjunctivitis (MRKC), we further divided the patients with meibomitis into three subgroups: meibomitis alone (non-MRKC group), meibomitis with non-phlyctenular MRKC (non-phlyctenular group), and meibomitis with phlyctenular MRKC (phlyctenular group). Inflammatory findings (eyelid redness and conjunctival hyperemia) were scored before and after treatment. Some patients also underwent culture testing fluids discharged by the meibomian gland orifices. Results: Three patients (3 eyes) had internal hordeolum and 16 patients (16 eyes) had meibomitis. After treatment, the inflammatory findings disappeared in all eyes with internal hordeolum. Among the patients with meibomitis, three eyes were in the non-MRKC, six in the non-phlyctenular, and seven in the phlyctenular group. The inflammatory findings were significantly improved only in the phlyctenular group. Among seven eyes with positive culture results, Cutibacterium acnes was detected in five, and treatment improved the inflammatory findings in all of these eyes. Conclusion: Azithromycin hydrate ophthalmic solution is effective for the treatment of inflammatory meibomian gland diseases, including internal hordeolum and meibomitis. In particular, the agent is highly efficient in patients with phlyctenular MRKC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermocatalytic conversion of redundant CO2 to useful methanol is an attractive route to address both energy and environmental crises simultaneously. However, existing copper/oxide catalysts widely used in these thermocatalytic processes still suffer from low methanol yield under mild reaction conditions. In this work, we design inverse oxide/Cu catalysts to achieve superior thermal catalytic performance for CO2 hydrogenation. The optimized ZnO/Cu-1.0 catalyst exhibits maximum CH3OH selectivity of 83.4% and space–time yield (STY) of 170.9 g CH 3 OH kg cat - 1 h - 1 in CO2 hydrogenation at 210 °C, nearly twofold higher STY than the previous optimal inverse ZnO/Cu catalysts ( 89.6 g CH 3 OH kg cat - 1 h - 1 at 250 °C). Importantly, ZnO/Cu-1.0 catalyst displayed not only a satisfactory catalytic stability but also a superior CH3OH STY with a time-on-stream of 24 h. Such inverse configuration of catalysts will pave the way for new strategies to design high-performance thermocatalytic catalysts and promote their commercialization. Typical inverse ZnO/Cu-1.0 catalysts have been demonstrated and achieved to significantly facilitate the activation of inert CO2 molecules to produce methanol, due to its special physicochemical properties and strong ZnO–Cu interaction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 17-year-old female patient presented to us with complaints of diffuse swelling in her left upper eyelid with preauricular lymphadenopathy for three days. She was diagnosed with a case of hordeolum externum and was treated on the same line. However, during follow-up, she developed a mild- to moderate-grade fever, which did not subside with treatment. On further investigation, her IgM rapid ELISA for Scrub typhus was positive, which was further confirmed by the Weil–Fellix test (OXK=1:360). She was treated with systemic doxycycline. Within a week, her fever returned to normal baseline, with resolution of local eye lid swelling, and her black scab was also gone. We have reported a case of scrub typhus as a rare manifestation with lid swelling and subsequently eschar formation on the upper eye lid. The patient was promptly treated with oral antibiotics without any morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundant C1 source CO2 can be utilized to produce value-added chemicals through hydrogenation technology. A bifunctional catalyst consisting of reducible metal oxide Cr2O3 and acidic zeolite ZSM-5 was designed for the direct conversion of CO2 + H2 into valuable aromatics, especially para-xylene (PX), via the methanol-mediated pathway. The twin structure of ZSM-5 (ZSM-5T), with sinusoidal channels that are predominantly exposed to the external surface, enhances the possibility of the transformation of methanol into PX due to the favorable diffusion dynamic of PX in the sinusoidal channels. Via the bifunctional catalyst Cr2O3&ZSM-5T, a PX selectivity of 28.7% and PX space-time yield (STY) of 2.5 gCH2 h−1 kgcat−1 are achieved at a CO2 conversion rate of 16.5%. Furthermore, we rationally modify the ZSM-5T zeolite via Cu species doping and amorphous SiO2 shell coating (Cu-ZSM-5T@SiO2). After combining with the Cr2O3 catalytic component, the CO2 conversion (18.4%) and PX selectivity (33.8%) are increased to some extent, which systematically increases the STY of PX to 3.0 gCH2 h−1 kgcat−1. The physicochemical property of the acidic zeolite and the corresponding structure-function relationship in enhancing the PX productivity are discovered. Our work provides a novel catalyst design idea to boost PX synthesis performance from CO2 hydrogenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chalazia are localized cysts of chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation. • The authors trace the chalazion's history from Ancient Babylon to the modern era. • Neoplasms must be considered for recurrent chalazia with atypical features. • This article summaries our current understanding of the chalazion. Chalazia are localized cysts of chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation arising from the obstruction of sebaceous glands of the eyelid tarsal plate, including the Meibomian gland (deep chalazion) or Zeis gland (superficial chalazion). This disease entity is differentiated from the hordeolum (stye), an acute purulent localized swelling of the eyelid often associated with an eyelash follicle, Zeis gland, or Moll gland obstruction and infection. Ambiguously, the chalazion, hordeolum, and blepharitis are commonly categorized and described on a continuum in the literature. While it is one of the most common eyelid disorders across all age demographics, the chalazion remains largely understudied and pathophysiological, epidemiological, and therapeutic findings exist fragmented in the literature. We discuss current understandings of the chalazion and provide current best practice guidelines supported by clinical anecdotal evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article a case study of a 6-month-old infant with respiratory distress and poor weight gain history. Topics include the physical examination; diagnostic findings; and treatment provided during the hospitalization.

DDR processes, the design of which follows technical knowledge produced by international organizations and programs, have become a standard way for addressing the process of armed groups’ transition from armed to civilian life. However, the components of DDR, namely disarmament-demobilization-reintegration, may themselves be contested at the local level. This study investigates this contestation through the case of the Colombian peace process, with a focus on ex-combatants’ perspectives. Based on extensive fieldwork in Colombia, this study investigates how and why former combatants contest DDR components. Former FARC members rejected disarmament and demobilization terms since they indicate an idea of defeat. They also rejected “reintegration” since, in Colombia, reintegration indicates a different process focusing on individual reintegration. Thirdly, many FARC members refute the term “ex-combatant”, arguing that the group continues its struggle in the political arena. The study contributes to recent research focusing on domestic understandings of international norms and practices in peace processes.

The direct conversion of CO2 to aromatics with the aid of renewable hydrogen sources is a promising way to mitigate the CO2 emissions and simultaneously replace the dwindling fossil resources for the production of valuable chemicals. Even though some excellent results have been obtained for the direct conversion of CO2 to aromatics via the methanol-mediated or modified Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) pathway, the low space–time yield (STY) of aromatics and the high selectivity of C1 by-products (CO and CH4) are the main bottlenecks. Herein, we demonstrate that the bifunctional catalyst (CuFeO2/hierarchical HZSM-5) composed of defafossite-CuFeO2 exhibits outstanding catalytic performance for producing olefins from CO2 hydrogenation, and hierarchical HZSM-5 can catalyze the direct CO2 conversion to aromatics with a high efficiency by single pass. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the CuFeO2/hierarchical HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst can suppress the total selectivity of CO and CH4 to less than 12% with a high aromatics STY of 431.8 mgCH2 gcat−1 h−1 at a CO2 conversion of 52.8% and outperforms previously reported catalysts. In addition, upon the selective elimination of external surface acidity via epitaxial growth of a Silicalite-1 shell on the hierarchical HZSM-5 surface, the fraction of p-xylene in xylenes is improved from 27.8% to 66.9%. Furthermore, H recycling is realized via the intimate synergy between CuFeO2 and hierarchical HZSM-5 and demonstrated to be significantly vital for improving the aromatics formation. The CO2 adsorbed on CuFeO2 also acts as an acceptor for H species produced from the olefin dehydrogenative aromatization in hierarchical HZSM-5, which in turn increases the aromatics STY by shifting the chemical thermodynamic equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aim to evaluate the utility of internet search query data in ophthalmology by: (1) Evaluating trends in searches for styes in the United States and worldwide, and (2) Performing a review of literature of infodemiological data in ophthalmology. Google Trends search data for "stye" was analyzed from January 2004 to January 2020 in the United States and worldwide. Spearman's correlation coefficient and sinusoidal modeling were performed to assess the significance and seasonality of trends. Review of literature included searches for "ophthalmology Google trends," "ophthalmology twitter trends," "ophthalmology infodemiology," "eye google trends," and "social media ophthalmology." Searches for styes were cyclical in the United States and globally with a steady increase from 2004 to 2020 (sum-of-squares F-test for sinusoidal model: p <.0001, r2 = 0.96). Peak search volume index (SVI) months were 7.9 months in the United States and 6.8 months worldwide. U.S. temperature and SVI for stye were correlated in the United States at the state, divisional, and country-wide levels (p <.005; p <.005; p <.01 respectively). Seven articles met our literature review inclusion criteria. We present a novel finding of seasonality with global and U.S. searches for stye, and association of searches with temperature in the United States. Within ophthalmology, infodemiological literature has been used to track trends and identify seasonal disease patterns, perform disease surveillance, improve resource optimization by identifying regional hotspots, tailor marketing, and monitor institutional reputation. Future research into this domain may help identify further trends, improve prevention efforts, and reduce medical costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The typical presentation of Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis includes fever, pharyngitis, measles-like rash, jaundice, and enlarged lymph nodes, liver, or spleen. A painless bilateral swelling of the upper eyelid, sometimes with drooping of the lateral aspect, may also occur. This sign, referred to as Hoagland sign, is not or only marginally mentioned in reviews and textbooks. Methods: Between 2019 and 2021, two of us evaluated all subjects with a positive acute Epstein–Barr virus serology for the typical signs of mononucleosis and for the possible existence of the Hoagland sign. Results: During the mentioned period, the diagnosis of mononucleosis was made in 26 (14 females and 12 males) subjects aged from 9.0 to 33 years. The initial presentation included fever in 24, enlarged cervical lymph nodes in 23, pharyngitis in 21, a palpable liver in 7, a palpable spleen in 7, jaundice in 2, and a measles-like rash in 2 cases. The Hoagland sign was noted in 14 cases. Patients with and without Hoagland sign did not significantly differ with respect to age and sex. Conclusions: The Hoagland sign is an easily identifiable clinical sign that is common and likely helpful early in the course of Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. There is a need to expand awareness of this sign among physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photo quiz is presented about the case of a 12-month old male with a history of right eyelid lesion and was diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The article presents a case study of a 49-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who presented with facial subcutaneous nodules on both eyelids as the first manifestation of the disease. Topics discussed include the clinical features of rheumatoid nodules, diagnostic evaluations including laboratory tests and imaging studies, and the management approach involving prednisone therapy.

The Atlantic Medical Group Lipid Workgroup at Atlantic Health System is composed of both adult and pediatric cardiologists, internists, endocrinologists and nephrologists. The goal of the workgroup is to address the need for optimal cardiometabolic diagnosis and treatment. Because familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is dominantly inherited, cascade screening of family members can be highly effective. To highlight the benefits of collaboration of adult and pediatric specialties for the diagnosis and treatment of FH. 38-year-old female with a strong family history of early CAD, very high cholesterol levels and xanthelasmas presented to us to establish care. Her two children were diagnosed genetically with FH at age 3 and 6 with cholesterol levels of 269 mg/dL and > 400 mg/dL, respectively. She was initiated on treatment with a statin. Her twin sister was also evaluated and found to have high cholesterol levels and xanthelasmas. This sister's children were also suspected of having FH and were referred to a pediatric cardiologist for diagnosis and treatment. The children of the index patient were found to be heterozygous for deletion (exon17-18) LDLR gene, pathologic for FH. The collaborative efforts of adult and pediatric specialists make the Atlantic Medical Group Lipid workgroup unique. Through this program, cascade and reverse cascade screening is utilized to identify and diagnose individuals at risk for familial hypercholesterolemia. Identification of an index patient with FH with effective screening of relatives combines the benefits of universal and cascade screening and has the potential of detecting all living cases of FH. Basseling et al found that although capable of identifying asymptomatic individuals with hypercholesterolemia, the cost effectiveness of universal screening has not yet been determined and cascade screening has proven to be more cost effective than any other screening strategy currently available thus far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xanthelasma associated with HeFH typically regresses with LDL-lowering pharmacotherapy. The lesions are often encountered, however, in patients with only modest or no LDL elevation. Genetically defective reverse cholesterol transport, in the absence of severe hypercholesterolemia, was detected in association with grade 4 xanthelasma palpebrarum. LDL-lowering therapy with rosuvastatin/ezetimibe resulted in complete resolution. To describe resolution of xanthelasma with rosuvastatin/ezetimibe in a patient with polygenic high risk of defective reverse cholesterol transport. A patient with severe xanthelasma was rejected for surgical management by her ophthalmologist and referred to our lipid clinic. Lipoprotein analysis, genetic testing, and a carotid duplex were obtained. Rosuvastatin/ezetimibe was prescribed. A 55-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of xanthelasma, progressively worsening to the point of significant cosmetic concern, social embarrassment, and psychological distress. Her baseline LDL-C was 157 mg/dL, non-HDL-C 177 mg/dL, triglycerides 97 mg/dL, HDL-C 83 mg/dL, and Lp(a) 23.5 mg/dL with HS-CRP 2.0 mg/L. A GBinsight Comprehensive Dyslipidemia Panel identified neither pathogenic nor likely pathogenic variants in the LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, or RAP1 genes, but did demonstrate that the patient was heterozygous for both SCARB1 c.1127C>T/rs74830677 variant and LIPC c.575-8C>A/rs6080 VUS. Investigational polygenic risk analysis identified a high risk score for defective reverse cholesterol transport. CAC Score was 0. Carotid duplex demonstrated mild atherosclerotic disease on the right and moderate disease on the left. 10-Year ASCVD Risk Estimate was 1.6%. Rosuvastatin 10 mg daily and ezetimibe 10 mg daily were prescribed. Follow-up LDL-C was 63 mg/dL, non-HDL-C 78 mg/dL, triglycerides 73 mg/dL, HDL-C 88 mg/dL, and HS-CRP 1.5 mg/L. The xanthelasma exhibited substantial improvement at 11 months and essential resolution at 23 months, following initiation of therapy. This patient with a high polygenic risk score for defective reverse cholesterol transport exhibited complete resolution of grade 4 xanthelasma palpebrarum after 23 months of rosuvastatin/ezetimibe therapy. She would not necessarily have been a candidate for statin therapy given her low 10-Year ASCVD Risk Estimate. Therapy was nevertheless initiated after shared decision-making and consideration of risk enhancing factors. More intensive/extensive assessment, and/or a trial of empiric LDL-lowering, should be considered as a preferable alternative to more invasive, and often unsatisfactory, cosmetic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of cobblestone airways in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a female patient with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Topics discussed include symptoms presented by the patient, and results of the patient's laboratory tests, bronchoscopy and ultrasound-guided needle biopsy. The treatment given to the patient is also discussed.

Key Clinical Message: Leishmaniasis can mimic many conditions, including hordeolum, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The presence of kinetoplast in free‐form or intramacrophage amastigotes, ensuring us to establish the microscopic diagnosis of leishmaniasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Down Syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal conditions in the world, affecting an estimated 1:400–1:500 births. It is a multisystem genetic disorder but has a wide range of ophthalmic findings. These include strabismus, amblyopia, accommodation defects, refractive error, eyelid abnormalities, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, nystagmus, keratoconus, cataracts, retinal abnormalities, optic nerve abnormalities, and glaucoma. These ophthalmic conditions are more prevalent in children with Down Syndrome than the general pediatric population, and without exception, early identification with thoughtful screening in this patient population can drastically improve prognosis and/or quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To examine changes in the position of the lower eyelid punctum and tear meniscus height (TMH) after correction of horizontal laxity of the lower eyelid in involutional lower eyelid entropion. Methods. This prospective, observational study included 42 sides of 36 patients with involutional entropion who underwent a lateral tarsal strip procedure or transcanthal canthopexy (+ lower eyelid retractor advancement). The horizontal distance from the medial margin of the lower lacrimal punctum to the medial canthus was measured using ImageJ software. TMH was measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. All measurements were performed preoperatively, at postoperative 3-month and at postoperative 6-month. Results. The lower lacrimal punctum significantly shifted laterally at 3-month follow-up and slightly returned toward its original position at 6-month follow-up (Friedman's test, P < 0.001). Although the differences did not reach statistical significance, TMH in the lower eyelid increased at 3-month follow-up and then slightly decreased at 6-month follow-up (Friedman's test, P = 0.076). Conclusions. The results of this study imply that lateral shift of the lower lacrimal punctum prevents effective drainage of tears accumulated in the lacrimal lake, resulting in increased TMH after correction of horizontal laxity of the lower eyelid in involutional entropion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a micro-mix strategy for the continuous and large-scale synthesis of Ni–Co PBA nanoparticles. The technique presented in this study allows the particle size to be controlled in the 165 nm to 350 nm range while maintaining a high specific surface area (250 m2 g−1) and cubic structure. Furthermore, the particles exhibit superior dispersity and have a more homogeneous particle size than those prepared using the conventional stirring-mix method due to the drastic collisions that occur in the microchannel during the precipitation process. The present study demonstrates that the concentration of raw materials and feed flow rates in the microreactor effectively control the particle size during mixing. The high concentration of raw materials could decrease the particle size, and the particle size is decreased with the increasing feed flow rates when Re (Reynolds number) <783. Particularly, when 783 < Re < 1567, the particle size remains stable (about 165 ± 10 nm). Additionally, the space-time yield (STY) of Ni–Co PBA is 471 kg m−3 d−1. Finally, the continuous flow microreactor can continuously fabricate large-scale and high-quality Ni–Co PBA crystals with distinct morphological features in a short period of time, providing an effective alternative to the time-consuming and multi-step MOF synthesis method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To report that the periorbital changes induced by prostaglandin analogue (PGA) eye drops are partially reversible after discontinuing treatment. Materials and Methods: Nine patients with prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy seen in a referral oculoplastic practice were included in this study, eight with unilateral glaucoma and one with bilateral open-angle glaucoma. All of them had been treated with topical PGA for at least one year, before the treatment was discontinued for cosmetic reasons. Results: In all cases, there were evident periocular differences between the treated eye and the fellow eye, consisting mainly of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus and eyelid fat pad reduction. One year after discontinuing the PGA eye drops, improvement of these features was observed. Conclusion: Clinicians and patients should be aware of the side effects of topical PGA therapy on periorbital tissues, and that these side effects can partially regress after discontinuation of the medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant specific SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) protein is a transcription factor involved in the formation and development of early lateral organs in plants. However, research on the SHI/STY protein family is not focused enough. In this article, we review recent studies on SHI/STY genes and explore the evolution and structure of SHI/STY. The biological functions of SHI/STYs are discussed in detail in this review, and the application of each biological function to modern agriculture is discussed. All SHI/STY proteins contain typical conserved RING-like zinc finger domain and IGGH domain. SHI/STYs are involved in the formation and development of lateral root, stem extension, leaf morphogenesis, and root nodule development. They are also involved in the regulation of pistil and stamen development and flowering time. At the same time, the regulation of some GA, JA, and auxin signals also involves these family proteins. For each aspect, unanswered or poorly understood questions were identified to help define future research areas. This review will provide a basis for further functional study of this gene family. • The evolution and structure of SHI/STY genes are explored. • The formation and development of lateral root, stem, leaf, nodule, pistil and stamen and flowering are associated with SHI/STYs. • The regulation of GA, JA, and auxin signals also involves these family proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is one of the world's oldest diseases, and it is one of the major blinding diseases. Visual impairment in leprosy patients needs special consideration by dermatologists and ophthalmologists, not only preventable but also has a severe burden that affects productivity if not managed early. Nevertheless, little was understood about ocular complications and associated factors among leprosy patients in low-income countries like Ethiopia, including the study locality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 423 leprosy patients at the dermatology clinic at Boru Meda Hospital, Dessie, Ethiopia. The collected data were entered into EpiData v3.1 and exported to the statistical package for SPSS v.20 for statistical analysis. The odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated to measure the strength of the association between dependent and independent variables. p = 0.05 was used to determine the level of statistical significance. RESULT: 419 leprosy patients participated in this study, accounting for a response rate of 99%. The proportion of ocular complications was found to be 69.9% (95% CI: 65.09-73.9). Age 40 years and above [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.2, 95% CI: 3.14-8.83], presence of leprosy reaction (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.12-3.24), and leprosy disability grading [grade 1 disability (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.35-6.33), grade 2 disability (AOR = 3.0,95% CI: 1.36-7.08) ]were associated with the presence of ocular complication among leprosy patients. CONCLUSION: Our finding showed that the ocular complication/lesion magnitude was high. Age 40 and above, the presence of leprea reaction and disability were significant factors associated with developing ocular complications among leprosy patients. Our results emphasize the need for solid collaboration efforts and commitment to handling ophthalmologic complications among leprosy patients aged 40 and above with leprosy reactions and disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Progressively increasing number of eye surgeries forces the development of simple-to-use, effective methods to reduce the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis. We wondered whether the eyelid margin wipes containing 0,1% polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) (HexaClean, VERCO, Poland) influence the reduction of bacterial flora localized in the conjunctival sac and whether it can be used for prophylaxis before the cataract surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 95 patients before the cataract surgery were included in the study. The conjunctival swab was collected from patients twice -- before using eye wipes and after 5 days of eye wipes usage. The swabs were plated on microbiological enriched media and incubated under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions for 24-48 hours at 35°C ± 2°C. Then the identification of microorganisms was carried out using classic microbiological methods and tests. RESULTS: Bacterial strains were isolated from the conjunctival sac in 84% of patients before using the eye wipes. The largest group of isolated pathogens was Gram-positive cocci, and these were mainly methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, which accounted for 72% of isolated strains. When the eye wipes were used, the bacterial flora was eliminated from the conjunctival sac in 54% of patients. A reduction in isolated strains and decreased variety of bacteria was observed in another 22% of patients. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the application of eyelid wipes with polyhexanide reduces a significant amount of the conjunctival sac microbiota, which may prevent inflammation after cataract surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe herein the first halogen dance (HD) in continuous flow on 2‐chloro‐3‐bromopyridine by selectively trapping a (pyridin‐4‐yl)lithium species that is known to undergo the halogen‐dance process. In addition, this lithiated intermediate was trapped at lower temperature before the HD occurs. The HD process was extended to fluoro‐iodopyridines by using various electrophiles to afford 28 examples with yields ranging from 42 to 97 % with very short residence times. Finally, scale up of the reaction was demonstrated, affording a promising space‐time yield (STY) of 4.2 kg.h−1.L−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The highest methanol STY (9.4 mmol/g cat /h) is obtained (X CO2 = 6.9 %, S MeOH = 93.3 %) on the optimized Pd/25 % α-MoC 1−x /C-N catalyst. • In situ DRIFTS experiments confirm the combined RWGS + CO-hydro and format mechanism in methanol synthesis. It is a potentially desirable process of utilizing CO 2 as a feedstock to make valuable chemicals such as methanol. Results from the current study demonstrate Pd modified α-MoC 1−x is a high active and selective catalyst for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol. α-MoC 1−x is active for both methanol synthesis and RWGS reaction. The addition of 0.1 wt% Pd to α-MoC 1−x decreases the CO 2 hydrogenation reaction activation energy and increases the CH 3 OH selectivity due to the H 2 spillover effect of Pd. RWGS + CO-hydro pathway as a non-competitive parallel pathway to the dominant formate pathway is verified on Pd/α-MoC 1−x /C-N, which increases threefold methanol STY compared with α-MoC 1−x /C-N catalyst. This work supplies a feasible strategy for creating a dual active site to enhance the efficiency of methanol synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autoimmune blistering skin diseases (AIBD) are a group of rare chronic autoimmune diseases which are associated with ocular surface diseases especially dry eye disease. This study is designed to investigate the relationship between ocular surface disorders and quality of life among patients with autoimmune blistering skin diseases.Methods: Twenty-four AIBD patients (18 pemphigus and 7 pemphigoid) and twenty-five non-AIBD controls were included. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), ocular surface evaluation, including slit-lamp examination, Schirmer I test, tear break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining, lid-parallel conjunctival folds, meibomian gland evaluation, presence of symblepharon and corneal opacity were assessed. Life quality was evaluated by multiple questionnaires, including Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Questionnaire (SF-36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Ocular surface tests and quality of life were compared between AIBD patients and non-AIBD controls. In the AIBD patients, the associations between ocular surface parameters and quality of life were also evaluated.Results: 92% of AIBD patients and 87.5% of age- and sex-matched non-AIBD controls were diagnosed with dry eye in this study. Compared with non-AIBD controls, AIBD patients reported lower SF-36 scores (P < 0.05) and severer OSDI, Schirmer I test, tear break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining, presence of symblepharon and corneal opacity measures (P < 0.05). OSDI, Schirmer I test were correlated with SF-36 composite scores or scores on the SF-36 subscales.Conclusions: AIBD patients experience reduced quality of life and more severe ocular surface disorders including dry eye, symblepharon and corneal opacity. Early treatments of dry eye and collaborations among multidisciplinary physicians are necessary in patients with AIBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]