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The article presents an examination into the history of the city of Cincinnati, Ohio during its first 100 years and its identity as an urban center on the western frontier. Extensive references are made in regards to the thesis of Richard C. Wade concerning towns as the initial waves of larger urban settlement patterns as seen in his book "The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830." Multiple questions are raised addressing the elements which define an city as such in both technical and ontological terms. Mention is given to the early intentions of Cincinnati to grow into a city from its first founding. Conclusions are offered confirming the historically urban qualities of the city.

Examines the stories concerning the conflicts between labor and management, middle-class women and working class men, and municipal officials and powerful corporations originating from the arrest of fireman William Yates in Cincinnati, Ohio on May 28, 1923. Reaction from smoke control activists regarding the arrest; Overview of historical studies on Yates' story; Implications of Yates' arrest; Cause of the conflict between labor, management and city officials.

Examines the traffic dynamics of laden and unladen leaf-cutting ants. Average traffic speed; Concentration of worker ants on the road surface; Mixed-direction traffic.

abstract: Colonies of Atta cephalotes (Myrmicinae: Formicidae) construct cleared paths between their nest and the vegetation sources at which they harvest leaf tissue. Here, we employ ideas from traffic engineering to study streams of laden and unladen ants on these paths. The relationship between average traffic speed and the con-centration of workers on the road surface follows a relationship similar to what is expected by analogy to fluid dynamics. Although the traffic is composed of eusocial organisms with a common interest in group success, the coarse-grained behavior of Atta traffic displays little more coordination than a moving fluid. The relationship be-tween speed and concentration implies that maximum flow rates (which are likely to be closely tied to colony-level rates of resource acquisition) occur at a relatively high concentration that keeps in-dividual speeds well below their 'free flow' maximum. We predict that this optimal concentration will characterize peak traffic through-out a trail network, and we propose a simple behavioral mechanism that would allow trails to be cleared to the correct width to provide the optimal concentration. Collisions (including encounters for antennation) are common in leaf-cutting ant traffic because traffic is not segregated into unidirectional streams. Nonetheless, we find a counterintuitive suggestion that flow rates (with concentration dif-ferences statistically removed) are higher when traffic is near a 50 : 50 mix of outbound and returning ants than when it contains majority flows in a single direction. Mixed-direction traffic may help disperse laden ants with reduced agility, thereby preventing inho-mogeneities in the traffic stream that could clog the trail. Keywords: ant trails, fluid dynamics, foraging, self-organization, social insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]