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Purpose: A quantitative observational study was conducted. The purpose of this study is to examine the continuing adherence to the stopping over-medication of people with intellectual disability and/or autism guidelines for a cohort of outpatients seen in the outpatients' clinics in the two teams who participated in this study to review the trend of psychotropic prescribing with a prescription indication along with the utilisation of non-pharmacological interventions. Design/methodology/approach: Data was retrospectively collected over a period of one year for patients sampled conveniently in the outpatient's clinic. The data was collected from two sites from psychiatric letters to the general practitioners (GPs), with the focus being psychotropic prescription indication and their adherence to British National Formulary limits, inclusion of a wider multi-disciplinary team or MDT (including nurses, psychologists and health support workers), use of Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale for assessing medication side effects and response to treatment. Findings: Most of the patients had at least one review in the previous six months. Antipsychotics were the highest prescribed medications without an indication for their use (13.3%) followed by anxiolytics and other medications. CGI recording was suboptimal, with 26% of the patient population did not have medication side effects and effectiveness monitored through this method. In total, 41% of patients were open to community nurses followed by other disciplines. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is an original article following the pilot study completed by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: People with intellectual disability die prematurely and from avoidable causes. Innovative solutions and proactive strategies have been limited in addressing this disparity. This paper aims to detail the process of developing a risk stratification tool to identify those individuals who are higher risk of premature mortality. Design/methodology/approach: This study used population health management principles to conceptualise a risk stratification tool for avoidable deaths in people with intellectual disability. A review of the literature examined the existing evidence of causes of death in people with intellectual disability. A qualitative methodology using focused groups of specialist clinicians was used to understand the factors that contributed towards avoidable deaths in people with intellectual disability. Delphi groups were used for consensus on the variables for inclusion in the risk stratification tool (Decision Support Tool for Physical Health). Findings: A pilot of the Decision Support Tool for Physical Health within specialist intellectual disability service demonstrated effective utility and acceptability in clinical practice. The tool has also demonstrated good face and construct validity. A further study is currently being completed to examine concurrent and predictive validity of the tool. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the only study that has used a systematic approach to designing a risk stratification tool for identifying premature mortality in people with intellectual disability. The Decision Support Tool for Physical Health in clinical practice aims to guide clinical responses and prioritise those identified as at higher risk of avoidable deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Overprescribing of off‐licence psychotropic medications, particularly antipsychotics, for challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities without a psychiatric disorder is a significant public health concern. In the United Kingdom, the National Health Service England launched an initiative in 2016, 'STopping Over‐Medication of People with learning disabilities, autism or both (STOMP)', to address this concern. STOMP is supposed to encourage psychiatrists in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to rationalise psychotropic medication use in people with intellectual disabilities. The current study aims to gather UK psychiatrists' views and experience of implementing the STOMP initiative. Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to all UK psychiatrists working in the field of intellectual disabilities (estimated 225). Two open‐ended questions allowed participants to write comments in response to these questions in the free text boxes. One question asked about the challenges psychiatrists faced locally to implement STOMP, and the other asked for examples of successes and positive experiences from the process. The free text data were analysed using a qualitative method with the help of the NVivo 12 plus software. Results: Eighty‐eight (estimated 39%) psychiatrists returned the completed questionnaire. The qualitative analysis of free‐text data has shown variation within services in the experience and views of the psychiatrists. In areas with good support for STOMP implementation provided through adequate resources, psychiatrists reported satisfaction in the process with successful antipsychotic rationalisation, better local multi‐disciplinary and multi‐agency working, and increased awareness of STOMP issues among the stakeholders such as people with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers and multidisciplinary teams, and improved quality of life caused by reduced medication‐related adverse events in people with intellectual disabilities. However, where resource utilisation is not optimum, psychiatrists seemed dissatisfied with the process with little success in medication rationalisation. Conclusions: Whereas some psychiatrists are successful and enthusiastic about rationalising antipsychotics, others still face barriers and challenges. Much work is needed to achieve a uniformly positive outcome throughout the United Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix Profile (MP) has been proposed as a powerful technique for knowledge extraction from time series. Several algorithms have been proposed for computing it, e.g., STAMP and STOMP. Currently, MP is computed based on 1NN search in all subsequences of the time series. In this paper, we claim that a kNN MP can be more useful than the 1NN MP for knowledge extraction, and propose an efficient technique to compute such a MP. We also propose an algorithm for parallel execution of kNN MP by using multiple cores of an off-the-shelf computer. We evaluated the performance of our solution by using multiple real datasets. The results illustrate the superiority of kNN MP for knowledge discovery compared to 1NN MP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the experiment, the main tillage methods used against weeds in the field with cotton as a predecessor crop and the combined use of herbicides had a significant effect on annual and perennial weeds in the winter wheat field, which is of great importance in the growth and development of cultivated plants in their own vegetation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major task in motion planning is to find paths that have a high ability to react to external influences while ensuring a collision-free operation at any time. This flexibility is even more important in human-robot collaboration since unforeseen events can occur anytime. Such ability can be described as mobility, which is composed of two characteristics. First, the ability to manipulate, and second, the distance to joint limits. This mobility needs to be optimized while generating collision-free motions so that there is always the flexibility of the robot to evade dynamic obstacles in the future execution of generated paths. For this purpose, we present a Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT), which applies additional costs and sampling methods to increase mobility. Additionally, we present two methods for the optimization of a generated path. Our first approach utilizes the built-in capabilities of the RRT*. The second method optimize the path with the stochastic trajectory optimization for motion planning (STOMP) approach with Gaussian Mixture Models. Moreover, we evaluate the algorithms in complex simulation and real environments and demonstrate an enhancement of mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundA high proportion of adults with intellectual disabilities are prescribed off-licence antipsychotics in the absence of a psychiatric illness. The National Health Service in England launched an initiative in 2016, ‘Stopping over-medication of people with a learning disability [intellectual disability], autism or both’ (STOMP), to address this major public health concern.AimsTo gain understanding from UK psychiatrists working with adults with intellectual disabilities on the successes and challenges of withdrawing antipsychotics for challenging behaviours.MethodAn online questionnaire was sent to all UK psychiatrists working in the field of intellectual disability (estimated 225).ResultsHalf of the 88 respondents stated that they started withdrawing antipsychotics over 5 years ago and 52.3% stated that they are less likely to initiate an antipsychotic since the launch of STOMP. However, since then, 46.6% are prescribing other classes of psychotropic medication instead of antipsychotics for challenging behaviours, most frequently the antidepressants. Complete antipsychotic discontinuation in over 50% of patients treated with antipsychotics was achieved by only 4.5% of respondents (n = 4); 11.4% reported deterioration in challenging behaviours in over 50% of patients on withdrawal and the same proportion (11.4%) reported no deterioration. Only 32% of respondents made the diagnosis of psychiatric illness in all their patients themselves. Family and paid carers’ concern, lack of multi-agency and multidisciplinary input and unavailability of non-medical psychosocial intervention are key reported factors hampering the withdrawal attempt.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to develop national guidelines to provide a framework for systematic psychotropic drug reviews and withdrawal where possible.

A mode is a socially and culturally shaped resource for making meaning. Examples of modes include written and oral language, visuals, audio, and gestures. In music learning, multiple modes may be used to help students develop greater musical understanding and achievement. This article details the three steps utilized in Project Stomp, a systematic pedagogical course of study that utilized multiple representational modes to engage a diverse group of secondary students in a composition- and performance-based module of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the fate and impact of CO2 injected into the Morrow B Sandstone in the Farnsworth Unit (FWU) through numerical non-isothermal reactive transport modeling, and (2) to compare the performance of three major reactive solute transport simulators, TOUGHREACT, STOMP-EOR, and GEM, under the same input conditions. The models were based on a quarter of a five-spot well pattern where CO2 was injected on a water-alternating-gas schedule for the first 25 years of the 1000 year simulation. The reservoir pore fluid consisted of water with or without petroleum. The results of the models have numerous broad similarities, such as the pattern of reservoir cooling caused by the injected fluids, a large initial pH drop followed by gradual pH neutralization, the long-term persistence of an immiscible CO2 gas phase, the continuous dissolution of calcite, very small decreases in porosity, and the increasing importance over time of carbonate mineral CO2 sequestration. The models differed in their predicted fluid pressure evolutions; amounts of mineral precipitation and dissolution; and distribution of CO2 among immiscible gas, petroleum, formation water, and carbonate minerals. The results of the study show the usefulness of numerical simulations in identifying broad patterns of behavior associated with CO2 injection, but also point to significant uncertainties in the numerical values of many model output parameters.

The given research conducted in 2015-2017 was carried out to improve technology elements in cultivation of carrots for different target use in natural conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Studies on yield enhancement and technological qualities of carrot depending on its varieties and hybrid cultivars (experiment 1) indicated 51.6-57.1 t/ha of carrot yields depending on hybrids that amounted 105.3-116.5% compared to the control. The highest yield of carrots in the experiment being 57.1 t/ha was shown by Sentiabrina F1 hybrid cultivar. When using Vermiculite (experiment 2) the diameter of roots increased and the category of the vegetable lowered at the first class. The experiment showed yield rise at the dose of Vermiculite 1.5 l/m² and drop at the dose up to 2 l/m². Experiment 3 revealed that using Bisol-2 preparation increased the yield of dry matter at the rate of seed treatment 1 and 6 l/ha. At the rate of 3 l/ha there was a decrease. The sugar content ranges 10.50-11.40%, vitamins vary 11.5-13.8 mg/kg, and carotene is 259.72-281.63 mg/kg. The best results were received when using Bisol-2 preparation at the seed treatment rate being 1 l/ha. Experiment 4 aimed to study the effect of Prometrin and Stomp herbicides on yield capacity didn’t show any influence of herbicides on carrot root shape. Within two years of investigation the highest yield of carrot roots was 33.5 t/ha when using Prometrin herbicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The current study was directed to investigate the immunotoxic and oxidative stress effects of Roundup and Stomp herbicides and their combination on Nile catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out on 120 fish that randomly divided into four equal groups with three replicates: The first group kept as control, the second group exposed to 1/2 96 h lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of Roundup, the third group exposed to 1/2 96 h LC50 of Stomp, and the fourth one exposed to a combination of Roundup and Stomp at previously-mentioned doses. The experiment was terminated after 15 days; blood samples were obtained at 1st, 8th, and 15th days of treatment where the sera were separated for estimation of antioxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, at 15th day of exposure part of blood was collected from all groups with an anticoagulant for evaluation of phagocytic activity, then the fish were sacrificed, and specimens from the liver of all groups were obtained for histopathological examination. Results: Our results indicated that both herbicides either individually or in combination elucidated significant decrease in phagocytic activity that was highly marked in group exposed to both herbicides. Furthermore, our data elicited an obvious elevation in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Meanwhile, the data depicted reduction in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Histopathological investigation of liver proved the aforementioned results. Conclusion: It could be concluded that either Roundup or Stomp alone cause significant deleterious effects on aquatic vertebrates. However, the use of their combination enhanced their toxic effects. Toxicity can end up in humans through the food chain.

Subsurface contamination by light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) is a widespread global problem that requires appropriate techniques to remediate soil and groundwater. In this paper, the subsurface transport over multiple phases (STOMP) model was used to simulate LNAPL multiphase flow and transport during multiphase extraction (MPE) application in two Brazilian tropical soils (silty sand and oxisol) contaminated by diesel. The model was applied to a hypothetical contamination site, with the initial LNAPL thickness observed in well extraction. The first part consisted of the MPE system sensitivity analysis, varying the applied vacuum and tip tube position. The Van Genuchten α parameter and hydraulic conductivity were the properties that most affected LNAPL saturation and fluid extraction volumes. Suitable applied vacuum and tip tube position parametrization was imperative for the efficiency of LNAPL extraction. After the definition of an appropriate MPE system configuration, simulations demonstrated that the immobile LNAPL saturation affected fluid extraction and diesel oil concentrations in aqueous and gas saturation. The model applied is able to predict LNAPL contaminant behavior in porous media during MPE technique application.

Background: Overprescribing of off-licence psychotropic medications, particularly antipsychotics, for challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities without a psychiatric disorder is a significant public health concern. In the United Kingdom, the National Health Service England launched an initiative in 2016, 'STopping Over-Medication of People with learning disabilities, autism or both (STOMP)', to address this concern. STOMP is supposed to encourage psychiatrists in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to rationalise psychotropic medication use in people with intellectual disabilities. The current study aims to gather UK psychiatrists' views and experience of implementing the STOMP initiative., Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to all UK psychiatrists working in the field of intellectual disabilities (estimated 225). Two open-ended questions allowed participants to write comments in response to these questions in the free text boxes. One question asked about the challenges psychiatrists faced locally to implement STOMP, and the other asked for examples of successes and positive experiences from the process. The free text data were analysed using a qualitative method with the help of the NVivo 12 plus software., Results: Eighty-eight (estimated 39%) psychiatrists returned the completed questionnaire. The qualitative analysis of free-text data has shown variation within services in the experience and views of the psychiatrists. In areas with good support for STOMP implementation provided through adequate resources, psychiatrists reported satisfaction in the process with successful antipsychotic rationalisation, better local multi-disciplinary and multi-agency working, and increased awareness of STOMP issues among the stakeholders such as people with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers and multidisciplinary teams, and improved quality of life caused by reduced medication-related adverse events in people with intellectual disabilities. However, where resource utilisation is not optimum, psychiatrists seemed dissatisfied with the process with little success in medication rationalisation., Conclusions: Whereas some psychiatrists are successful and enthusiastic about rationalising antipsychotics, others still face barriers and challenges. Much work is needed to achieve a uniformly positive outcome throughout the United Kingdom., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Subsurface simulation of multiphase extraction from wells is notoriously difficult. Explicit representation of well geometry requires small grid resolution, potentially leading to large computational demands. To reduce the problem dimensionality, multiphase extraction is mostly modeled using vertically averaged approaches. In this paper, a multiphase well model approach is presented as an alternative to simplify the application. The well model, a multiphase extension of the classic Peaceman model, has been implemented in the STOMP simulator. The numerical solution approach accounts for local conditions and gradients in the exchange of fluids between the well and the aquifer. Advantages of this well model implementation include the option to simulate the effects of well characteristics and operation. Simulations were conducted investigating the effects of extraction location, applied vacuum pressure, and a number of hydraulic properties. The obtained results were all consistent and logical. A major outcome of the test simulations is that, in contrast to common recommendations to extract from either the gas-NAPL or the NAPL-aqueous phase interface, the optimum extraction location should be in between these two levels. The new model implementation was also used to simulate extraction at a field site in Brazil. The simulation shows a good match with the field data, suggesting that the new STOMP well module may correctly represent oil removal. The field simulations depend on the quality of the site conceptual model, including the porous media and contaminant properties and the boundary and extraction conditions adopted. The new module may potentially be used to design field applications and analyze extraction data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem that goal reconstruction effect and short time consuming could not achieve both at the same time in the image reconstruction for compered sensing, this paper took an in-depth research. The processing used the conventional observation matrix to take compression sampling based

Aim: The current study was directed to investigate the immunotoxic and oxidative stress effects of Roundup and Stomp herbicides and their combination on Nile catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out on 120 fish that randomly divided into four equal groups with three replicates: The first group kept as control, the second group exposed to 1/2 96 h lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of Roundup, the third group exposed to 1/2 96 h LC50 of Stomp, and the fourth one exposed to a combination of Roundup and Stomp at previously-mentioned doses. The experiment was terminated after 15 days; blood samples were obtained at 1st, 8th, and 15st days of treatment where the sera were separated for estimation of antioxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, at 15st day of exposure part of blood was collected from all groups with an anticoagulant for evaluation of phagocytic activity, then the fish were sacrificed, and specimens from the liver of all groups were obtained for histopathological examination. Results: Our results indicated that both herbicides either individually or in combination elucidated significant decrease in phagocytic activity that was highly marked in group exposed to both herbicides. Furthermore, our data elicited an obvious elevation in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Meanwhile, the data depicted reduction in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Histopathological investigation of liver proved the aforementioned results. Conclusion: It could be concluded that either Roundup or Stomp alone cause significant deleterious effects on aquatic vertebrates. However, the use of their combination enhanced their toxic effects. Toxicity can end up in humans through the food chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiphase, reactive transport modeling was used to identify the mechanisms controlling trace metal release under elevated CO 2 conditions from a well-characterized carbonate aquifer. Modeling was conducted for both batch and column experiments. The column experiments resulted in higher trace metal concentrations because the rock to water ratio was higher. A kinetic desorption model fits the overall trends in release for seven trace metals observed in batch and column experiments exposing Edwards Aquifer material to elevated concentrations of CO 2 . Observed and predicted trace metal concentrations are compared to groundwater concentrations from this aquifer to determine the potential for leaking CO 2 to adversely impact drinking water quality. Finally, a three-dimensional multiphase flow and reactive-transport simulation of CO 2 leakage from an abandoned wellbore into a generalized model of the shallow, unconfined portion of the aquifer is used to determine potential impacts on groundwater quality. As a measure of adverse impacts on groundwater quality, both the EPA’s regulatory limits and the maximum trace metal concentration observed in the aquifer were used as threshold values. Results of the field-scale simulations indicate that CO 2 leakage into a carbonate aquifer is likely to cause decreases in pH and increases in TDS beyond observed ranges in the aquifer and beyond regulatory limits. However, trace metal concentrations are not predicted to exceed either the observed maximums or the regulatory limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important risk at CO 2 storage sites is the potential for groundwater quality impacts. As part of a system to assess the potential for these impacts a geochemical scaling function has been developed, based on a detailed reactive transport model of CO 2 and brine leakage into an unconfined, oxidizing carbonate aquifer. Stochastic simulations varying a number of geochemical parameters were used to generate a response surface predicting the volume of aquifer that would be impacted with respect to regulated contaminants. The brine was assumed to contain several trace metals and organic contaminants. Aquifer pH and TDS were influenced by CO 2 leakage, while trace metal concentrations were most influenced by the brine concentrations rather than adsorption or desorption on calcite. Organic plume sizes were found to be strongly influenced by biodegradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, extreme learning machine (ELM), which is a new learning algorithm for single-hidden layer feed forward networks (SLFNs), has gained much attention in the machine intelligence and pattern recognition communities with numerous successful real-world applications. The ELM structure has several advantageous such as good generalization performance with an extremely fast learning speed and low computational cost especially when dealing with many patterns defined in a high-dimensional space. However, three major problems usually appear using the ELM structure: (i) the dataset may have irrelevant variables, (ii) choosing the number of neurons in the hidden layer would be difficult, and (iii) it may encounter the singularity problem. To overcome these limitations, several methods have been proposed in the regularization framework. In this paper, we propose several sparse ELM schemes in which various greedy algorithms are used for sparse approximation of the output weights vector of the ELM network. In short, we name these new schemes as GA-SELM. We also investigate several greedy algorithms such as Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit (CoSaMP), Iterative Hard Thresholding (IHT), Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) and Stagewise Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (StOMP) to obtain a regularized ELM scheme. These new ELM schemes have several benefits in comparing with the traditional ELM schemes such as low computational complexity, being free of parameter adjustment and avoiding the singularity problem. The proposed approach shows its significant advantages when it is compared with the empirical studies on nine commonly used regression benchmarks. Moreover, a comparison with the original ELM and the regularized ELM schemes is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]